《筑梦2008》:“大”与“小”的艺术建构

《筑梦2008》以纪实的手法，耗时7年来纪录北京奥运这件历史性的大事件，面对如此宏大的主题，导演巧妙地在“大”与“小”之间腾挪跌宕，导演在处理主题、构架、细节、意境等方面都颇具匠心，这使得《筑梦2008》和2008奥运一样，成为一个里程碑式的记忆。

Effect of Leaf Removal on Grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon and Sangiovese Cultivated in Different Italian Environments

Leaf removal is a farming practice that can affect must and grape quality; it is closely related to the meteorological conditions of the year and the climate of the area. The present study aims to analyse the effects of different types of defoliation, all conducted at veraison and removing 5-6 basal leaves. The trial provided four tests： leaf removal only on the east side, only on the west side, total defoliation （both sides）, and a non-defoliated treatment （control test）. Two different cultivars, the Sangiovese and the Cabernet Sauvignon, were studied in five different Italian environments： Puegnago （BS）, Scansano （GR）, Bolgheri （LI）, Brisighella （RA）, and Montefalco （PG）. The trial was repeated four times, once per year for the successive years 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. The years differed mainly with regard to the total rainfall; because of the variability of the years, different results, both for the same cultivar and between the cultivars, were observed. The differences existing between these two varieties and among the different environments led to different reactions to defoliation, especially concerning the analytical parameters of musts and grapes.

Geomorphological mapping for the valorization of the alpine environment. A methodological proposal tested in the Loana Valley(Sesia Val Grande Geopark, Western Italian Alps)

Geomorphological mapping plays a key role in landscape representation: it is the starting point for many applications and for the realization of thematic maps, such as hazard and risk maps, geoheritage and geotourism maps. Traditional geomorphological maps are useful for scientific purposes but they need to be simplified for different aims as management and education. In tourism valorization, mapping of geomorphological resources(i.e., geosites, and geomorphosites), and of geomorphic evidences of past hazardous geomorphological events, is important for increasing knowledge about landscape evolution and active processes, potentially involving geomorphosites and hiking trails. Active geomorphosites, as those widespread in mountain regions, testify the high dynamicity of geomorphic processes and their link with climatic conditions. In the present paper, we propose a method to produce and to update cartographic supports(Geomorphological Boxes)realized starting from a traditional geomorphological survey and mapping. The Geomorphological Boxes are geomorphological representation of single, composed or complex landforms drawn on satellite images, using the official Italian geomorphological legend(ISPRA symbols). Such cartographic representation is also addressed to the analysis(identification, evaluation and selection) of Potential Geomorphosites and Geotrails. The method has been tested in the upper portion of the Loana Valley(Western Italian Alps), located within the borders of the Sesia Val Grande Geopark, recognized by UNESCO in 2013. The area has a good potential for geotourism and for educational purposes. We identified 15 Potential Geomorphosites located along 2 Geotrails; they were ranked according to specific attributes also in relation with a Reference Geomorphosite located in the Loana hydrographic basin and inserted in official national and regional databases of geosites(ISPRA; Regione Piemonte). Finally, the ranking of Potential Geomorphosites allowed to select the most valuable ones for valorization or geoconservation purposes. In thisframework, examples of Geomorphological Boxes are proposed as supports to geo-risk education practices.

Bottom-Up or Top-Down： Which Is the Best Approach to Improve CSR and Sustainability in Local Contexts？ Reflections From Italian Experiences

This paper reflects on the theme of sustainability and territorial social responsibility, which, in this context, is defined as a pathway promoted by a plurality of public and private actors, for- and non-profit, who find that social cohesion and the relationships that are cultivated in the place from which these diverse ＂protagonists＂ come, are the drivers in the construction of shared territorial governance. The efficacy of such processes in the local context （communal, provincial, and regional） is predicated on the culture and on the values that the diverse, networked stakeholders-actors accumulate in their territory （meso level）. In developing this theme, the paper is divided into several parts. The first part describes the theoretical context, which is illustrated by an enumeration of experiences realized at the local level in Italy. We then focus our analysis on the experience of territorial govemance promoted in the Marches Region. This project was selected as a case study, because it is emblematic of the Italian context; the territory is characterized by the diffuse presence of small businesses in the soeio-economic fabric and by the proactive role of the local government. The case allows us to evaluate this paper＇s fundamental proposition, that the policies of the European Commission [EC] and the Government of Italy for promoting Corporate Social Responsibility and sustainability are not concretely effective when they are not fostered by regional authorities together with local private actors. Furthermore, public initiatives, to be effective, should take into consideration the influence of local culture, the social milieu, and economic factors shaping the environment in which public-private networks arise.

Familial and Territorial Values for Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Italy： Some Reflections in Theory and Practice]

This study reflects the specificities of family small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） which are related to values, culture, and relationships with the territory （local context）. In the following sustainable and corporate social responsibility （CSR）-oriented strategies, family businesses are ＂assisted＂ by the presence of entrepreneurial values which are tied to and derived from the social system in the territory in which they are located. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the consolidation of stable and durable relations between the family business and the local context depends on the presence of shared values between the members of the family and the stakeholders, all components of civil society are within the same territory. Such values are the fruit of a given territory＇s civic traditions. They are the result of an anthropological culture which is typical of the socioeconomic environment in which the entrepreneur, the family, and the business are all rooted, thus, they are expressions of a culture ＂of the place＂.

Geomorphosites in Granitic Environments： An Example from Northern Sardinia （Italy）

A rare geomorphosite and a pillow-like structure appearing as mingling structures due to that mafic and acidic magma interactions are described. Despite the occurrence of spectacular forms in the granitic basement of Sardinia, the morphosites of geological interest linked to the complex evolution of pluton emplacement are still poorly understood. The Fizza Ona outcrop, located near the northeastern coast, is a good example of a geomorphosite in the inner zone developed at the edge of different plutonic units. This outcrop is a well-exposed, pillow-like horizon of less than 5 m in thickness, observable in the field for at least 200 m and underlined by the occurrence of a large tafoni form. In detail, the pillow-like horizon consists of sub-roundly to sub-rounded elements of granitic to micropegmatitic rocks of up to 100 cm in diameter, which is dispersed in the fine-grained granitic host-rock matrix. The outcrop represents a particular example of the emplacement mechanism of granitic magmas in the Sardinian batholith. One aim of this work is the construction of a document for the competent authorities to protection and preservation of this outcrop as a cultural heritage for the history of the geological evolution.

Implementing Sustainability Reporting （SR）： （Neo-） Institutional Theory Insights in the Analysis of the SGR Group, Italy and CityGas, Bulgaria

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the corporate characteristics and contextual factors influence the choice of managers in initiating the sustainability report/reporting （SR） and to understand the role of organisational dynamics. The research design develops through a deductive and inductive approach. The deductive approach is based on an analysis of the Social and Environmental Accounting Research （SEAR） strands which use the theoretical framework of （neo-） institutional theory to inquire the adoption and diffusion of SR. The inductive method is based on a research case that focuses on the SGR Group. ＂How can the rico-institutional theory help explain the process of SGR＇s SR implementation in Italian and Bulgarian companies＂？ The study identifies both the internal and contextual factors associated with the SR development and the regulative, normative, and cognitive dimensions/factors that affect the implementation and institutionalisation of SR in Italy and Bulgaria, in accordance with the different institutional environments in which the social and sustainability accounting projects are developed.

Foreign Direct Investments, Environmental Sustainability, and Strategic Planning： A Local Perspective

The present work constitutes further explorations on Foreign Direct Investments （FDI） and environmental quality linkages and a starting point in the strategic planning process in the metropolitan area of Bari （the main province of the Apulia region in southern Italy） in the context of transfrontier commercial cooperation. A panel data analysis is used to show either the existence of the relationships across FDI, economic and environmental variables or their nature across provinces and time （fixed or random effect model）. Model results suggest that diversification of policies across provinces would be more effective in the strategic planning process of a metropolitan city.

Environmental Education, Environmental Ethics, and Environmental Perceptions of Food Establishment Employees in a Philippine University

The waste management challenge in university campuses includes food and food packaging materials. Being foremost affected by the food-related waste stream, 92 employees from food establishments located inside the University of the Philippines were provided expert-validated survey questionnaire to identify their perception on environment and pollution as well as describe their awareness on environmental education and environmental ethics concepts. Thirty-nine （42.4%） related the concept of environment mainly to trees, plants, animals, and the physical environment such as rivers. Only twenty-six （28.3%） expressed an attitude of concern on the current state of the environment. Six （6.5%） conveyed negative human behavior as the reason why the environment is in a dismal state and the same percentage （6.5%） showed concern for the environment mainly because humans benefit from it. Fifteen （16.3%） opted not to share their opinion. For perception on pollution, thirty-six （39.1%） linked the concept to the presence of land, air, or water pollution and twenty-three （25%） associated the pollution to negative effects on human health and on the environment. Twelve （13%） mentioned concern over the presence of pollution and twenty-one （22.8%） did not share their opinion on pollution. Awareness on environmental ethics concepts was identified using 15-item Likert Scale Questionnaire. Areas in environmental concepts where participants most strongly agreed include ＂value of life,＂ diversity and intrinsic value, cooperation, common good, and social responsibility. Results of this survey will be integrated into the discourse on the proposed policy of the University of the Philippines to segregate waste at-source. The said policy seeks to ensure that： （1） only food waste from concessionaires will be deposited directly to the compost site; （2） recyclables are to be sold; and （3） only residuals such as non-biodegradables and non-recyclables are to be sent to the dumpsite.

Identity, Traditions and Lack of Environmental Behaviour

Place memories （traditions）, transmitted through art and the stories of a community, are key elements for the construction of individual and collective identity, connected to specific places. In this regard the authors examined how the representation of traditions affects place identity and in what ways the cultural heritage of the town might influence environmental forms of behaviour such as plans and projects. To this end the authors investigated the small town of Pagani in southern Italy, which has many ancient cultural traditions linked to specific locations and their rituals such as the festival of Our Lady of the Hens. Our contribution favours a qualitative approach in examining the data gathered and a participative methodology. The statistical analysis of the vocabulary distribution within 83 texts concerning town and its traditions, written by local citizens （52% male and 48% female） of different ages （range： 18-78） revealed a strong place identity. Narrative interviews （14） with key people were then analysed by means of grounded theory. In the perspective of conservation psychology the authors finally focussed on how feelings of impotence and social distrust influence relations between citizens and their local environment.

Research on the Contextual and Functional Differences Between New and Old Journalism

Mass Communication media were widespread in 19th and 20th centuries. Those technologies created by humans have had a big impact on both daily and business lives. Newspapers, Radio, TV and Cinema are obvious examples of this impact. Dinting the last two decades of 20th century, spread of personal computers transformed the way people live0 work and think. Some people evaluated the situation as revolution and others as threat to humans. Intemet, in this respect, is considered as mass media. People connect the Internet without time and space limitations. However, communication on the Internet is not mass commtmication because it requires every individual or organization to have a unique Intemet Protocol address （IP） to commtmicate. Because of its peer to peer communication nature just as in the telephone communication, this feature distinguishes Intemet from other commtmication media. On the other hand, it resembles mass communication media because of its mobility, spread and functionality both for sender and receiver. In many sectors, including communication and information technology sectors, mobility, spread and functionality features lead the way to increase interactivity between parties in communication. Businesses benefited the ＂interactivity tool＂ for many purposes： to increase market share for a product or service, to increase customer satisfaction, or to increase amount of information about their customers, competitors or suppliers in order to make strategic decisions. For journalism and generally, for mass media, interactivity is an important aspect of the business. Media corporations must know the needs of their audience before they express and take precautionary steps to satisfy them. This forces the mass media sector to increase interactivity in customer communication. In this paper, we researched the intemctivity effect in journalism that we see especially in internet journalism applications. The research aims to cover opinions of newspapers, advertisers and audience on interactivity and future of mass media communication. For this purpose, fmdings of a survey have been evaluated.