The purpose of this study is to shed light on the southern part of Italy where Catalonians ruled. Great numbers of Spaniards, principally the Catalonians, headed to that country. This affected the language, and, in tu...The purpose of this study is to shed light on the southern part of Italy where Catalonians ruled. Great numbers of Spaniards, principally the Catalonians, headed to that country. This affected the language, and, in turn, the history of people＇s last names. At first, some of the Spanish last names were used as nicknames for Italians. The method 1 used to get the data from primary sources was from spending time in Italy for four consecutive summers and visiting towns in the Naples area while I collected surnames found on houses. The Catalonians came to rule Sardinia, and their language and subsequently Spanish were official on the island. The linguistic influence of Spanish does not stop with surnames. A list of Spanish and Basque surnames which is redolent of the history of southern Italy and Sicily is appended. The geolinguistics interest lies in the way that the study of language, both ordinary words and proper nouns, offers important clues to the lives and movements of people of ages past, reflects political and economic aspects and also explains the ethnic origin of people who live in Sicily and Italy today or are descendants of Italians who have been important immigrants in the Americas, in Australia, and indeed around the world.展开更多
Carvalho, Lucchesi and Murty proved that any 1-extendable graph G different from K2 and C2n has at least A（G） edge-disjoint removable ears, and any brick G distinct from K4 and C6 has at least A（G） - 2 removable e...Carvalho, Lucchesi and Murty proved that any 1-extendable graph G different from K2 and C2n has at least A（G） edge-disjoint removable ears, and any brick G distinct from K4 and C6 has at least A（G） - 2 removable edges, where A（G） denotes the maximum degree of G. In this paper, we improve the lower bounds for numbers of removable ears and removable edges of 1-extendable graphs. It is proved that any 1-extendable graph G different from K2 and C2n has at least x′（G） edge-disjoint removable ears, and any brick G distinct from Ka and Ce has at least x′（G） - 2 removable edges, where x′（G） denotes the edge-chromatic number of G. Key words 1-extendable graphs, removable ear, removable edge.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study is to shed light on the southern part of Italy where Catalonians ruled. Great numbers of Spaniards, principally the Catalonians, headed to that country. This affected the language, and, in turn, the history of people＇s last names. At first, some of the Spanish last names were used as nicknames for Italians. The method 1 used to get the data from primary sources was from spending time in Italy for four consecutive summers and visiting towns in the Naples area while I collected surnames found on houses. The Catalonians came to rule Sardinia, and their language and subsequently Spanish were official on the island. The linguistic influence of Spanish does not stop with surnames. A list of Spanish and Basque surnames which is redolent of the history of southern Italy and Sicily is appended. The geolinguistics interest lies in the way that the study of language, both ordinary words and proper nouns, offers important clues to the lives and movements of people of ages past, reflects political and economic aspects and also explains the ethnic origin of people who live in Sicily and Italy today or are descendants of Italians who have been important immigrants in the Americas, in Australia, and indeed around the world.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10831001the Fujian Provincial Department of Education under Grant No.JA08223
文摘Carvalho, Lucchesi and Murty proved that any 1-extendable graph G different from K2 and C2n has at least A（G） edge-disjoint removable ears, and any brick G distinct from K4 and C6 has at least A（G） - 2 removable edges, where A（G） denotes the maximum degree of G. In this paper, we improve the lower bounds for numbers of removable ears and removable edges of 1-extendable graphs. It is proved that any 1-extendable graph G different from K2 and C2n has at least x′（G） edge-disjoint removable ears, and any brick G distinct from Ka and Ce has at least x′（G） - 2 removable edges, where x′（G） denotes the edge-chromatic number of G. Key words 1-extendable graphs, removable ear, removable edge.
