探索研究性学习模式,培养大材料工程型创新人才

中南大学根据自身的学科特色,立足共享,提出"资源-冶金-材料-应用"的大学科人才培养理念,变学科壁垒为桥梁,建立贯通式的实践平台,营造大开放的研究性学习环境,以成长即成果为出发点,通过宽容失败的制度措施、平等和谐的师生关系、开放互动的教学情景、应用自如的物质设备,探索研究性学习模式,培养大材料创新人才。

“大材料”学科背景下人才培养模式的探索

武汉工程大学根据自身的学科特色,提出"大材料"的大学科人才培养理念,变学科壁垒为桥梁,建立以重点实验室、公共实验室、教授科研室为基础的交叉学术科研平台,营造开放和谐的学习环境,探索研究性学习模式,培养大材料综合型创新人才。

“大材料”背景下研究应用型材料类本科生培养模式探讨——以中北大学材料与工程学院实验班为例

当前我国社会经济的发展对材料类人才提出了更高的要求,"小材料"类人才培养模式已难以满足不同层次材料专业本科生的培养需求。在对已有"大材料"背景人才培养模式分析的基础上,以中北大学实验班为例,对研究应用型材料类本科生培养新模式进行了探讨,旨在为同类型培养条件的专业提供借鉴和参考。

大材料背景下晶体学课程的改革与创新

针对晶体学的现状及教学中存在的问题,探讨了在大材料背景下晶体学教学改革的措施,并提出了几点有建设性的建议,以期对晶体学教学改革起到借鉴作用。

市场价格波动较大材料招标采购方式的分析

炼化企业运行中需要各种各样的催化剂、溶剂、助剂、吸附剂等化工产品,此类材料的价格受国际原油市场价格波动、市场供需变化等因素影响较大,价格具有变化周期短、幅度较大,而且年度使用量较大,采购金额达到依法必须公开招标的条件,供货方式为分批次供货,供货周期长。本文在针对采购方式、确定竞争条件、调价机制、招标时机等方面进行分析,提出解决此类材料采购方式的建议。

材料专业认识实习教学方法改革的探索

材料专业实习教学方法改革是材料专业改革的重要组成部分 ,通过对 98级材料科学与工程专业认识实习教学方法和考试方法的改革实践 ,为学生人数多、专业内容涵盖广的大材料专业实习开辟途径 。

关于综合材料撰写的一些体会

在机关文字工作中,综合性材料的撰写常常被看作是一块难啃的“硬骨头”,因为这些“大材料”在很大程度上反映一位领导或一个机关的决策水平、指挥能力和领导艺术,也代表着领导的理论政策水平和文化、知识等诸方面的修养水平。这种材料内容多、篇幅长、涉及面广、信息最大。

基于颤振预报和预测的稳定性控制理论及方法研究

针对由颤振预测控制策略指导的稳定切削控制方法实时动态调整能力差的缺点,综合颤振预报、预测理论,进行了稳定性在线寻优控制理论及方法的研究。基于刀具—工件系统铣削再生颤振动力学模型,研究了考虑系统结构参数(刀具、工件装夹刚度)和加工参数(切削加工参数优化选择)的切削稳定性评价方法,提出了以扩大稳定性区域和稳定最大材料切除率为控制目标的机床稳定性控制方法。形成了以"预报—控制—效果评估—再控制"为步骤的在线监测、智能诊断和实时控制的集成一体化策略。设计并实施了稳定性控制理论验证实验,获得了与理论分析一致的结论。

基于稳定性理论的机床动态优化方法的研究

基于建立的刀具-工件铣削再生颤振多自由度动力学模型,研究了考虑机床结构参数和加工参数的切削稳定性评价方法。提出了基于稳定性理论以扩大稳定性区域和最大材料切除率为优化目标的机床全生命周期稳定性动态优化方法。在设计阶段,通过对影响稳定性的工艺参数动力修改扩大稳定区域;在生产阶段,进行刀具装夹结构和切削参数的优化,进一步扩大稳定区并确保稳定切削下的最大材料切除率。

基于MMR的三角网格曲面五轴加工刀轨生成算法

为了提高三角网格曲面五轴加工的加工效率,提出了基于最大材料去除率(maximal materialremoval rate,MMR)的平底刀五轴加工刀轨生成算法。首先计算无曲率干涉且具有最大材料去除率的网格曲面五轴加工的刀具方位角;然后在确定网格曲面可能干涉区域的基础上,提出刀触点处干涉性假设,并以最大材料去除率、刀具无曲率干涉和全局干涉为约束条件,采用二分法确定具有最大材料去除率的无干涉刀具方位角;最后采用截面线法生成三角网格曲面MMR平底刀五轴加工刀轨。通过实验验证了采用文中算法生成的刀轨进行加工能够获得较高的加工效率和表面质量。

Interface,lattice strain and dislocation density of SiC_p/Al composite consolidated by equal channel angular pressing and torsion

Powder mixture of pure A1 and oxidized SiC was consolidated into 10% （mass fraction） SiCp/AI composites at 523 K by equal channel angular pressing and torsion （ECAP-T）. The interfacial bonding of the composites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. The selected area electron diffraction （SAED） for the interface was investigated. The elements at the interface were scanned by energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and the EDS mapping was also obtained. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis was carried out for the composites fabricated by 1 pass, 2 passes and 4 passes ECAP-T. According to the XRD analysis, the influences of ECAP-T pass on the Bragg angle and interplanar spacing for AI crystalline planes were studied. The results show that after ECAP-T, the interface between A1 and SiC within the composites is a belt of amorphous SiO2 containing a trace of A1, Si and C which diffused from the matrix and the reinforcement. With the growing ECAP-T pass, the Bragg angle decreases and interplanar spacing increases for A1 crystalline planes, due to the accumulated lattice strain. The increasing lattice strain of A1 grains also boosts the density of the dislocation within A1 grains.

Mechanism of anti-arterial thrombosis of Dahuangzhecong Fang screened by Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material

The mechanism of antithrombotic of Dahuangzhechong Fang separated and purified by Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material (TAICPM) was researched. Dahuangzhechong Fang, which was isolated and screened by TAICPM, was used to oral rats. At the end of study, their blood and thrombus were collected. The results show that TAICPM with the pore size of 1-5 μm can screen Dahuangzhechong Fang well. Dahuangzhechong Fang can increase 6-keto-PGF1α, lower content of TXD2 and platelet. Dahuangzhechong Fang has good effect to resist arterial thrombosis.

Screening of Deltamethrin Resistant Strain of Bombyx Mandarina

[ Objective ] The aim of the study was to explore the resistance development of deltamethrin through selection of dettamethrin resistant strain of wild silkworm （ Bombyx Mandarina）, thus providing the basis for scientific pesticide application and resistance management. [ Method] The wild silkworms collected from three different regions were reared indoors, and the sensitivity of their parents to deltamethrin was detected by topical application. The larvae in each generation were treated with deltamethdn in median lethal dose or so by.topical application. The mortality of larva was analyzed for the establishment of toxicity regression equations and the calculation of the multiple or increased multiple of deltamethdn resistance.[Result] After the Qidong Bornbyx Mandarina （YQD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethdn resistance of F, was 14.26, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Bombyx Mandarina from mulberry garden of Soochow University （YSD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of F4 was 16.48, 1.9 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Wujiang Bombyx Mandarina （YWJ） fed with artificial diets were selected for three generations indoors during six generations, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of Fe was 18.67, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo. [ Conclusioa] With the selection in same dose, the resistance multiple of YSD increases more rapidly than that of YQD; under double selection of artificial diets and insecticide, the resistance multiple of YWJ increases more slowly than that of YQD.

Genetic Study on Barley Male Sterility

[Objective] The aim was to research the genetic mechanism of barley male sterility, and provide the theoretical reference for breeding strong heterosis hybrid of barley. [ Method] Fertility segregation phenomenon, morphological characteristics and main agronomic characters of male sterility character of 4 kinds of barley male sterility materials 2001 - 17, 2001 - 37, 2001 - 84 and 2001 - 116 and their dedved lines were observed and researched.[ Result] Barley male sterility existed genetic phenomenon of single dominant nuclear gene caused by environmental stimulation, its sterility controlled by MS, the sterile genotype was MSms. There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility which was controlled by cytoplasmic mate sterile gene S and nuclear gene rr, and its genotype was S（rr）, this male sterility belonged to CMS type sterility. Temperature had no effect on fertility. [ Conclusion] There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility, this result played a positively promoting role in barley practical production.

The Effect of Silane Grafted Polypropylente on the Property of Different Filler/Polypropylene Composites

Aim To determine the effect of silane grafted polypropylene on the property of different filler/polypropylene composites. Methods Polypropylene (PP) composites filled with talc(Ta), baryta sulfate and calcium carbonate coupled with silane grafted polypropylene (PP-g-Si) were made, their mechanical properties and thermal properties were investigated, respectively. Results As compared with the non-coupled composites, the mechanical properties of PP/Ta/PP-g-Si composites were improved to some extent, though the values of tensile modulus and the strain at peak were decreased. But for PP/BaSO4 and PP/CaCO3 composites, the values of their mechanical properties varied slightly or even decreased with increasing PP-g-Si content within the experimental component. Meanwhile, PP-g-Si also affected the melting and crystallization behavior of PP in the composites. Conclusion PP-g-Si offers compatibilization in PP/Ta composites, but offers no-compatibilization in PP/BaSO4 and PP/CaCO3 composites within the extent of the present range of PP-g-Si, which shows that PP-g-Si can be used as the macromolecular coupling agent of PP and Ta composite.

Clustering Analysis on Large Grained Brassica napus Materials Based on the Optimized ACGM Markers

[Objective] This study aimed to develop ACGM markers for the clustering analysis of large grained Brassica napus materials. [Method] A total of 44 pairs of ACGM primers were designed according to 18 genes related to Arabidopsis grain development and their homologous rape EST sequences. After electrophoresis, 18 pairs of ACGM primers were selected for the clustering analysis of 16 larger grained samples and four fine grained samples of rapeseed. [Result] PCR result showed that 2-6 specific bands were respectively amplified by each pair of primes, and all the bands were polymorphic and repeatable, suggesting that the optimized ACGM markers were useful for clustering analysis of B. napus species. Clustering analysis revealed that the 20 rapeseed samples were divided into three clusters A, B, and C at similarity coefficient 0.6. Then, the clusters A and B were further divided into five sub clusters A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2 at similarity coefficient 0.67. [Conclusion] This study will provide theoretical and practical values for rape breeding.

Effects of Au-Ce strong interactions on catalytic activity of Au/CeO_2/3DOM Al_2O_3 catalyst for soot combustion under loose contact conditions

Au/3DOM（three-dimensionally ordered macroporous） Al2O3 and Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 were prepared using a reduction-deposition method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy,N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,temperature-programmed hydrogen reduction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Au nanoparticles of similar sizes were well dispersed and supported on the inner walls of uniform macropores.The norminal Au loading is 2%.Al-Ce-O solid solution in CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 catalysts can be formed due to the incorporation of Al^3＋ ions into the ceria lattice,which causes the creation of extrinsic oxygen vacancies.The extrinsic oxygen vacancies improved the oxygen-transport properties.The strong metal-support interactions between Au and CeO2 increased the amount of active oxygen on the Au nanoparticle surfaces,and this promoted soot oxidation.The activities of the Au-based catalysts were higher than those of the supports（Al2O3 or CeO2/3DOM Al2O3） at low temperature.Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 had the highest catalytic activity for soot combustion,with T（10）,T（50）,and T（90） values of 273,364,and 412℃,respectively.

丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯的合成及热分解

以TNT、甲醛为原料,在弱碱性条件下反应合成得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(PicCH2CH2OH);PicCH2CH2OH在浓硫酸催化下和丙烯酸在甲苯中回流反应24h,合成得到丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯,产率为62%。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。利用热重分析(TG)对产物热稳定性进行了研究,采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算其热分解活化能Ea分别为99.78,102.96kJ·mol-1。

广东省河流流域规划复查成果管理数据库简介

为适应我省社会经济发展的需要,我厅于80年代在原有规划成果的基础上,组织开展了河流流域规划复查工作。分阶段完成了县、地市级、省级和八大水系35条主要河流的规划复查,全部成果近2000万字,社会经济、自然地理和各类工程的详细技术经济指标均分门别类,汇编成表册,数据资料十分丰富、详尽。为使规划成果得到充分利用和科学管理,我厅已开始建立管理数据库。 为了使应用程序受用户欢迎,注重它的实用性和用户界面的友好程度,在编程过程中主要考虑了:(1)保证屏幕显示形式直观、逼真、清晰。显示的内容,包括输入、维护、查询等尽量适用用户的使用习惯,借助表格显示某些结果更为直观;(2)尽量减少汉字的输入。

壁纸应用要“拨乱反正”

壁纸作为墙体装饰的四大材料之一(石材、玻璃、陶瓷、壁纸),在国际上已流行几十年了。中国亦已流行十多年,且发展的趋势越来越好,花色品种也越来越丰富,应用面也越来越广泛。从过去的宾馆酒店,发展到城镇居民家庭,近几年已由城市开始向农村发展,不管南方还是北方,东部或西部,部有使用壁纸的。这充分说明,随着改革开放和人们生活水平的提高,壁纸行业也有了较大的发展,越来越被人们所认识和应用。但是,从目前我国壁纸的应用和产量来看,与国外相比相差甚远。