蒙自大枇杷产业现状及发展对策

根据蒙自大枇杷产业的现状,客观分析了在蒙自大枇杷生产中所存在的主要问题,结合蒙自发展大枇杷的优势,提出相应的发展对策,以促进蒙自大枇杷产业的良性发展。

大枇杷优质嫁接苗培育技术

结合蒙自地区的气候特点,并根据多年的大枇杷优质嫁接苗培育的实践经验,从砧木苗的培育、嫁接、接后管理及苗木出圃4个方面总结了大枇杷优质嫁接苗的培育技术。在当年2～4月播种,翌年6～8月嫁接苗即可出圃,且优质苗比例可达90%以上。

适宜陕西栽培的优良大枇杷品种

枇杷是原产于我国的一种常绿果树,其果实形若金丸、柔软多汁、风味独特、营养丰富,被誉为国际、国内市场上的高档、珍稀水果。枇杷除鲜食外,其叶、花穗、花蕾等一直是民间沿用的中药,具有润肺、止咳、健胃、清热解毒之功效。

蒙自大枇杷丰产栽培技术

根据多年的生产经验,从园地选择、土肥水管理、整形修剪、疏花疏果和病虫害防治等方面对枇杷生长结果的影响入手,总结并提出了蒙自大枇杷的丰产栽培技术措施,为促进蒙自大枇杷产业的良性发展提供了一定的理论指导。

三个大果枇杷品种在蒙自的引种表现

通过对引自福建莆田和四川成都两地的,长红3号、解放钟和大五星三个大果枇杷品种在蒙自的主要性状表现、物候期、丰产性和抗逆性的比较观察。结果表明,引进的品种基本能适应引种区的气候和环境,生长良好,成熟期比原产地早约2个月,成熟期依次是长红3号、大五星、解放钟,果实品质优良。

良种大枇杷优质丰产栽培技术

陕西省安康市属我国枇杷生长的北缘区，境内光照充足，雨量充沛，昼夜温差大，土地资源丰富，枇杷冬花夏果，成熟期比福建、四川等南方迟近半月左右，正处北方水果供应空白期，市场销售前景广阔，发展良种大枇杷具有显著优势。为了尽快将大枇杷产业做大做强，研发小组从1998年起通过充分调查论证，先后开展了良种大枇杷的引进试验、示范筛选工作，选择出适合安康及北亚热带边缘发展的良种大枇杷品种，探索出了良种苗木繁育技术，大树嫁接改良技术，研究形成大枇杷优质丰产栽培技术，并取得显著的经济、生态和社会效益，获2006年度陕西省科学技术进步三等奖。

岩溶地区石漠化生态经济治理模式探究

贵州省是我国较典型的喀斯特地貌地区,因喀斯特植被遭遇重大破坏,土壤过度侵蚀,基岩裸露,造成土地石漠化现象严重。在当前国家大力建设生态文明的同时,贵州省岩溶地区石漠化的生态治理备受关注。本文以兴仁县为例,结合石漠化现状,阐述生态经济治理模式。

母亲的土方枇杷膏

“榉柳枝枝弱,枇杷树树香。”老家的枇杷果又丰收了,望着这整箩整箩来不及卖的大枇杷,母亲说:“我教你们做枇杷膏吧!”在我们家,做枇杷膏可谓是祖传的手艺一据说是从太婆那一辈传下来的,然后传给了奶奶,奶奶又传给了我母亲。一早,由母亲提供技术指导,我和妻子动手实操,准备做家传的土方枇杷膏。母亲让我们分头准备制作枇杷膏的材料:枇杷叶、枇杷果、老冰糖、川贝、蜂蜜等。她特地交代,冰糖一定要选用老冰糖,也就是土冰糖;蜂蜜用野蜂蜜。

Taxonomic Status of Daduhe Loquat （Eriobotrya prinoides var. dadunensis）

The taxonomic status of Daduhe loquat （E. prinoides var. dadunensis） was studied through analyzing genetic relationships among Oakleaf loquat （E. prinoides）, Daduhe loquat and Common loquat （E. japonica） using inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR） molecular marker and morphologic marker in this paper. Based on ISSR marker research, the similarity coefficient between Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat was lower than the similarity coefficient between Oakleaf loquat and Daduhe loquat while the similarity coefficient between Daduhe loquat and Common loquat was intermediate. The highest additivity was obtained when Daduhe loquat was regarded as the undetermined hybrid （45.8%）. The specific bands of Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat were present in Daduhe loquat. Based on morphologic traits research, Daduhe loquat was also between Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat but a little leaning to Oakleaf loquat. All the results support that Daduhe loquat was hybrid of Oakleaf loquat and Common loquat.

Studies on genetic relationships among Oakleaf loquat, Daduhe loquat and common loquat by RAPD and ISSR

The genetic relationships among oakleaf loquat （Eriobotrya prinoides）, Daduhe loquat （Eriobotrya prinoides var. dadunensis） and common loquat （Eriobotrya japonica） were studied by RAPD and ISSR markers. The results showed that the similarity coefficient between oakleaf loquat and common loquat was minimal （0.6996 and 0.7219, respectively） and the similarity coefficient between oakleaf loquat and Daduhe loquat was maximal （0.8403 and 0.8211, respectively）, while the similarity coefficient between Daduhe loquat and common loquat was always intermediate （0.7195 and 0.7219, respectively）. The highest additivity was obtained when Daduhe loquat was regarded as the undetermined hybrid （44.9% and 45.8%, respectively）. The specific bands of oakleaf loquat and common loquat were present in Daduhe loquat. Thus, it could be concluded that Daduhe loquat was a hybrid of oakleaf loquat and common loquat.

枇杷果实蝇危害及其防治技术

主要针对蒙自市大枇杷遭受果实蝇危害作简要论述,并提出关键防治技术措施,为确保大枇杷产业健康发展和提高果品质量供技术参考。