大模型创业:范式演进与理论建构

作为人工智能技术前沿,大模型具有涌现性、可编辑性与生成性,在创新创业活动中扮演着广泛且重要的角色。本文全面阐释了大模型对创业过程的系统性冲击,据此提出了大模型创业范式新概念。大模型创业是指创业者与大模型协同完成机会利用与开发的过程。在大模型的支持下,海量创业新机会将快速涌现,不依赖于创业者的发现或创造。系统资源将依据实时需要高效编辑,进而取代即兴化资源拼凑活动。人机协同混合创业者将取代单一人类创业者,创业认知与行动能力将获得全方位增强。与传统创业范式相比,大模型创业范式更具迅捷性、数智性、低成本性与易迁移性,从根本上改变价值创造进程,将极大推动大模型经济新时代的到来。

Cost of treating chronic hepatitis B:Comparison of current treatment guidelines

AIM:To compare program costs of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) screening and treatment using Australian and other published CHB treatment guidelines.METHODS:Economic modeling demonstrated that in Australia a strategy of hepatocellular cancer(HCC) prevention in patients with CHB is more cost-effective than current standard care,or HCC screening.Based upon this model,we developed the B positive program to optimize CHB management of Australians born in countries of high CHB prevalence.We estimated CHB program costs using the B positive program algorithm and compared them to estimated costs of using the CHB treatment guidelines published by the AsianPacific,American and European Associations for the Study of Liver Disease(APASL,AASLD,EASL) and those suggested by an independent United States hepatology panel.We used a Markov model that factored in the costs of CHB screening and treatment,individualized by viral load and alanine aminotransferase levels,and calculated the relative costs of program components.Costs were discounted by 5% and calculated in Australian dollars(AUD).RESULTS:Using the B positive algorithm,total program costs amount to 13 979 224 AUD,or 9634 AUD per patient.The least costly strategy is based upon using the AASLD guidelines,which would cost 34% less than our B positive algorithm.Using the EASL and the United States Expert Group guidelines would increase program costs by 46%.The largest expenditure relates to the cost of drug treatment(66.9% of total program costs).The contribution of CHB surveillance(20.2%) and HCC screening and surveillance(6.6%) is small-and together they represent only approximately a quarter of the total program costs.CONCLUSION:The significant cost variations in CHB screening and treatment using different guidelines are relevant for clinicians and policy makers involved in designing population-based disease control programs.

Youth and Employment： The Effectiveness of the Youth Guarantee Plan in Emilia Romagna and Sicily

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the ＂Youth Guarantee Plan＂ implemented by two Italian regions： Emilia Romagna and Sicily. Within the tradition of the sociology of public action, the study proposes a deepening of the institutional and cognitive analysis of public policies. From the comparison, two distinct models of public action emerge： The first model that implemented by the Emilia Romagna Region, appears more procedural and more founded on the involvement of institutions present in the territory （employment centres, universities, chambers of commerce, professional bodies）, whilst the second model, implemented by the Sicily Region, seems founded mainly on the emphasis placed on the economistic definition of the policy. From the study, most of all, the processes through which the distinct regional public actions succeed in interpreting the innovative potential of the Youth Guarantee Plan and the relations existing between the effectiveness of the policies and the collective meanings that institutions and individuals assign to them, emerge.

Quality Management Model Embodying Circular Economy and Sustainable Manufacture - Quality Concept Models Based on a Chinese Traditional Cultural Principle

Based on circular economy and sustainable manufacture theories, the drawbacks in the existing quality management models are analyzed. The requests that satisfy the big system 'environment-society-economy' are summarized to build up a model. A Chinese traditional cultural principle is applied and the relevant contents are sublimated as the platform to set up the model. The new quality management concept models are put forward: 'T-D-R' three dimension structures and 'ecological quality loop' model, from which the new quality concepts are formed. The paper elaborates the contents and the process of setting up the models. The big system quality problems can be handled by the new quality concept and model that are validated in practice.

The Value Relevance of Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments （FCTAs） in the Italian Stock Exchange

The main aim of this paper is to test whether the foreign currency translation adjustments （FCTAs）, the largest components of other comprehensive income （OCI） for most firms, are incrementally value-relevant for investors with respect to the net income （NI）. Previous archival research on the value relevance of FCTAs has documented a weak or non-existent link between FCTAs and firm valuation （Pinto, 2005）. The hypothesized reasons could reside in the econometric method employed, in the use of as-if numbers, and in the missing consideration of the differential effect that exchange rate changes have on firms of varying levels of capital intensiveness. This study adds to the existing literature by empirically testing the value relevance of as-reported FCTAs numbers in the earnings and book value model the Ohlson-like interacted model through panel data techniques. The main finding of this study is that as-reported FCTAs are significantly and incrementally value-relevant, when their parameter estimates are allowed to vary in the cross-section.

Reflecting on the Dilemma of the West

Almost a decade has elapsed since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, during which the West was trapped in a dilemma unprecedented since the end of the Second World War. The problems facing the West, particularly those of Europe and the US, are fundamental and institutional, including reduced economic superiority, political systems and development models seriously questioned, and increasing terrorist attacks bringing up security chaUenges, to mention just a few. Western obsession with multiple crises is another new factor of change with structural impacts on both the international structure and order over the past nearly thirty years following the disintegration of the Soviet Union and collective rise of emerging economies. The aftermath： the power and influence of the West is declining, with the grand trend of rising East and declining West persisting in the international structure; both Europe and the US have made major adjustments on their foreign strategies, while their value diplomacy offensive has been frustrated, and while trade protectionism is on the rise; and the major power relationship has seen a new round of adjustment. A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the drastic changes in the West may help China stick to its own development path and promote global governance with more self-confidence so as to make more contributions to world peace, stability and development.