Continuous measurements of speciated atmo- spheric mercury （Hg）, including gaseous elemental mer- cury （GEM）, particulate mercury （PHg）, and reactive gaseous mercury （RGM） were conducted in Guizhou Pro- vince,...Continuous measurements of speciated atmo- spheric mercury （Hg）, including gaseous elemental mer- cury （GEM）, particulate mercury （PHg）, and reactive gaseous mercury （RGM） were conducted in Guizhou Pro- vince, southwestern China. Guiyang Power Plant （GPP）, Guiyang Wujiang Cement Plant, Guizhou Aluminum Plant （GAP）, and Guiyang Forest Park （GFP） in Guiyang were selected as study sites. Automatic Atmospheric Mercury Speciation Analyzers （Tekran 2537A） were used for GEM analysis. PHg and RGM were simultaneously collected by a manual sampling system, including elutriator, coupler/ impactor, KCl-coated annular denuder, and a filter holder. Results show that different emission sources dominate different species of Hg. The highest average GEM value was 22.2 ±28.3 ng·m-3 and the lowest 6.1 ± 3.9 ng·m-3, from samples collected at GPP and GAP, respectively. The maximum average PHg was 1984.9 pg·m-3 and the mini- mum average 55.9 pg·m-3, also from GPP and GAP, respectively. Similarly, the highest average RGM of 68.8 pg·m-3 was measured at GPP, and the lowest level of 20.5 pg·m-3 was found at GAP. We conclude that coal combustion sources are still playing a key role in GEM; traffic contributes significantly to PHg; and domestic pol- lution dominates RGM.展开更多
The atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing is a serious problem.Atmospheric mercury has three sources:natural emission,anthropogenic emission and previously deposited mercury reemission or recycling,composing elemen...The atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing is a serious problem.Atmospheric mercury has three sources:natural emission,anthropogenic emission and previously deposited mercury reemission or recycling,composing elemental mercury,divalent mercury and particulate-phase mercury.Many studies showed that mercury in Beijing's air was higher than the general level of mercury concentration in the atmosphere.Mercury emission sources were discussed.Industrial emissions,coal burning,vehicle exhaust emissions and waste incineration were thought to be the main sources of atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing.And also meteorology has an effect on atmospheric mercury concentration in Beijing.Measures have been taken to control the emission of mercury into the air in recent years.展开更多
At Olkaria （Kenya） geothermal energy has been used since 1981, to generate electricity and now there are currently 3 plants with a nominal capacity of 205 MW. Preliminary measurement and evaluation of possible mercu...At Olkaria （Kenya） geothermal energy has been used since 1981, to generate electricity and now there are currently 3 plants with a nominal capacity of 205 MW. Preliminary measurement and evaluation of possible mercury （Hg） emission from two plants has been investigated. Potential atmospheric Hg emission has been determined based on an existing model for estimating the transport of mercury along geothermal fluid flow streams as pertains to energy recovery and conversion from liquid dominated geothermal reservoirs. Hg concentrations, addition, retention and release rates were calculated at a number of locations in the geothermal power plants based on the plant operating parameters and steam flow process （turbine, condenser, non-condensable gas ejector, and cooling tower）. Potential Hg emission rates through plume range from 0.455 g/h to 2.17 g/h, or 10-30 mg/h per MWe. The emission per hour per MWe is 130-300 times lower compared to Hg levels reported for 88 MWe five operating geothermal power plants around Mt. Amiata area in Italy. These emissions are coupled with a release of 1.07 kg/h per MW of hydrogen sulphide （HzS）. The potential Hg release rates to the environment will depend greatly on the concentration of HzS in the system. Any higher HzS contents may reduce solubility of rig in the brine hence making it to be available in the steam. The volatile Hg may travel with the non-condensable gases as Hg vapour.展开更多
基金support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40773067)
文摘Continuous measurements of speciated atmo- spheric mercury （Hg）, including gaseous elemental mer- cury （GEM）, particulate mercury （PHg）, and reactive gaseous mercury （RGM） were conducted in Guizhou Pro- vince, southwestern China. Guiyang Power Plant （GPP）, Guiyang Wujiang Cement Plant, Guizhou Aluminum Plant （GAP）, and Guiyang Forest Park （GFP） in Guiyang were selected as study sites. Automatic Atmospheric Mercury Speciation Analyzers （Tekran 2537A） were used for GEM analysis. PHg and RGM were simultaneously collected by a manual sampling system, including elutriator, coupler/ impactor, KCl-coated annular denuder, and a filter holder. Results show that different emission sources dominate different species of Hg. The highest average GEM value was 22.2 ±28.3 ng·m-3 and the lowest 6.1 ± 3.9 ng·m-3, from samples collected at GPP and GAP, respectively. The maximum average PHg was 1984.9 pg·m-3 and the mini- mum average 55.9 pg·m-3, also from GPP and GAP, respectively. Similarly, the highest average RGM of 68.8 pg·m-3 was measured at GPP, and the lowest level of 20.5 pg·m-3 was found at GAP. We conclude that coal combustion sources are still playing a key role in GEM; traffic contributes significantly to PHg; and domestic pol- lution dominates RGM.
文摘The atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing is a serious problem.Atmospheric mercury has three sources:natural emission,anthropogenic emission and previously deposited mercury reemission or recycling,composing elemental mercury,divalent mercury and particulate-phase mercury.Many studies showed that mercury in Beijing's air was higher than the general level of mercury concentration in the atmosphere.Mercury emission sources were discussed.Industrial emissions,coal burning,vehicle exhaust emissions and waste incineration were thought to be the main sources of atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing.And also meteorology has an effect on atmospheric mercury concentration in Beijing.Measures have been taken to control the emission of mercury into the air in recent years.
文摘At Olkaria （Kenya） geothermal energy has been used since 1981, to generate electricity and now there are currently 3 plants with a nominal capacity of 205 MW. Preliminary measurement and evaluation of possible mercury （Hg） emission from two plants has been investigated. Potential atmospheric Hg emission has been determined based on an existing model for estimating the transport of mercury along geothermal fluid flow streams as pertains to energy recovery and conversion from liquid dominated geothermal reservoirs. Hg concentrations, addition, retention and release rates were calculated at a number of locations in the geothermal power plants based on the plant operating parameters and steam flow process （turbine, condenser, non-condensable gas ejector, and cooling tower）. Potential Hg emission rates through plume range from 0.455 g/h to 2.17 g/h, or 10-30 mg/h per MWe. The emission per hour per MWe is 130-300 times lower compared to Hg levels reported for 88 MWe five operating geothermal power plants around Mt. Amiata area in Italy. These emissions are coupled with a release of 1.07 kg/h per MW of hydrogen sulphide （HzS）. The potential Hg release rates to the environment will depend greatly on the concentration of HzS in the system. Any higher HzS contents may reduce solubility of rig in the brine hence making it to be available in the steam. The volatile Hg may travel with the non-condensable gases as Hg vapour.
