Italian ray grass and oat are two grass species characterized by their ability to adjust tropical climate conditions. This study proposed to assess forage productivities to allow an appropriate mowing period determina...Italian ray grass and oat are two grass species characterized by their ability to adjust tropical climate conditions. This study proposed to assess forage productivities to allow an appropriate mowing period determination in their use as dairy female feed in Madagascar. A test on small plots has been set up in the southern part of the capital city Antananarivo during one dry period （4 months）. Live observations followed by laboratory proximate analyses have been performed for forage productivity and feeding value determination. Cultivated on tanety （hill）, irrigated in counter season, results show that： （I） oat higher height （H = 96.7 cm） than Italian ray grass （H= 69.4 cm） at 99 days of age; （2） similar biomass productivity; （3） dry matter yields significantly different （p = 0.05）; （4） certain similarity between dry matter yields and FMU （fodder milk unit） score evolution; （5） leafy stage of Italian ray grasses at 99 days of age; （6） mid-flowering stage for oats during the same period. Cell wall content, crude fiber and dry matter contents increased with age （p = 0.05）. Crude proteins and minerals evolved in opposite directions. Gross energy content did not present precise variation with age. This study allowed that for an acceptable quantitative and qualitative production during dry seasons, good mowing period for Italian ray grass could start at 76 days age, while oat could start being harvested at 68 days.展开更多
This paper analyzes the heavy rainstorm in northeast Dongting Lake on June 4, 2014. Results indicate the weather situation, radar echo and the satellite imagery of the strong precipitation. Besides, the warm and wet w...This paper analyzes the heavy rainstorm in northeast Dongting Lake on June 4, 2014. Results indicate the weather situation, radar echo and the satellite imagery of the strong precipitation. Besides, the warm and wet water vapor in Dongting Lake also contributes to this heavy rainstorm. As the astronomical precipitation cycle in this precipitation is outstanding, it is essential to pay attention to and use the astronomical precipitation forecast method.展开更多
Life cycle of the trematode worm, Exorchis mupingensis, includes Oncomelania hupensis snail as first intermediate host and several small freshwater fishes as second intermediate hosts, while the carnivorous fish, Para...Life cycle of the trematode worm, Exorchis mupingensis, includes Oncomelania hupensis snail as first intermediate host and several small freshwater fishes as second intermediate hosts, while the carnivorous fish, Parasilurus asotus, serves as a final host of this parasite. P. asotus fish, Labidochromis caeruleus fish and E. mupingensis cercariae were used in the laboratory to determine the time that mature metacercariae of E. mupingensis take to develop into an adult worm within the final host. Results showed that the period of development of the mature metacercariae of E. mupingensis into an adult worm within the final host, P. asotus, is ca. 30 d.展开更多
Background： Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction （EAMD） is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad （FAT）, a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, w...Background： Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction （EAMD） is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad （FAT）, a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, we explored the possibility that carbohydrate supplements can improve the status of EAMD and prevent exercise-induced ovarian injury in a FAT rat model. This research aimed to provide experimental evidence with regard to the relationship of energy intervention and EAMD. Methods： Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats （2 months old） were randomly divided into five experimental groups： control group （C）, 9-week exercise as model for EAMD （E）, post-EAMD recovery group （R）, oligosaccharide intervention group （O）, and glucose intervention group （G）. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 9 weeks. Serum samples were collected for measuring gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 1713-estradiol and progesterone levels. The ovaries were taken for investigation of exercise- and carbohydrate-induced follicular subcellular structure changes. Results： Exercise induced irregular menstrual cycles and ovary subcellular structural damages, such as swollenness of mitochondria in rats from groups E and R. Both glucose and oligosaccharide supplements restored well-differentiated mitochondria in the ovarian follicular cells, and a significant improvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in swollenness in theca cells in groups O and G compared to groups C, E, and R. There was no difference in mitochondria subcellular structural changes between groups O and G. Group E showed attenuation of serum levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone compared to C. There were no differences of 17β-estradiol serum levels among groups O, G, and R, while group G showed a lower level of progesterone than C. Conclusion： Female adult rats with 9-week continuous exercise can cause menstrual dysregulation as a model for EAMD. Post-EAMD intervention with glucose and oligosaccharide intake can normalize the menstrual cycle, restore the follicular subcellular structure, and reverse the exercise-induced reduction of ovary sex hormones. It suggests a positive feedback of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis might be involved in the molecular mechanisms of energy intake in treating EAMD.展开更多
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) refers to a procedure for genetically analyzing embryos prior to implantation,improving the chance of conception for patients at high risk of transmitting specific inherited dis...Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) refers to a procedure for genetically analyzing embryos prior to implantation,improving the chance of conception for patients at high risk of transmitting specific inherited disorders.This method has been widely used for a large number of genetic disorders since the first successful application in the early 1990s.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) are the two main methods in PGD,but there are some inevitable shortcomings limiting the scope of genetic diagnosis.Fortunately,different whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques have been developed to overcome these problems.Sufficient DNA can be amplified and multiple tasks which need abundant DNA can be performed.Moreover,WGA products can be analyzed as a template for multi-loci and multi-gene during the subsequent DNA analysis.In this review,we will focus on the currently available WGA techniques and their applications,as well as the new technical trends from WGA products.展开更多
文摘Italian ray grass and oat are two grass species characterized by their ability to adjust tropical climate conditions. This study proposed to assess forage productivities to allow an appropriate mowing period determination in their use as dairy female feed in Madagascar. A test on small plots has been set up in the southern part of the capital city Antananarivo during one dry period （4 months）. Live observations followed by laboratory proximate analyses have been performed for forage productivity and feeding value determination. Cultivated on tanety （hill）, irrigated in counter season, results show that： （I） oat higher height （H = 96.7 cm） than Italian ray grass （H= 69.4 cm） at 99 days of age; （2） similar biomass productivity; （3） dry matter yields significantly different （p = 0.05）; （4） certain similarity between dry matter yields and FMU （fodder milk unit） score evolution; （5） leafy stage of Italian ray grasses at 99 days of age; （6） mid-flowering stage for oats during the same period. Cell wall content, crude fiber and dry matter contents increased with age （p = 0.05）. Crude proteins and minerals evolved in opposite directions. Gross energy content did not present precise variation with age. This study allowed that for an acceptable quantitative and qualitative production during dry seasons, good mowing period for Italian ray grass could start at 76 days age, while oat could start being harvested at 68 days.
基金Supported by the"Short,Cheap,Fast"Subject of Hunan Meteorological Bureau in 2011(No.023)~~
文摘This paper analyzes the heavy rainstorm in northeast Dongting Lake on June 4, 2014. Results indicate the weather situation, radar echo and the satellite imagery of the strong precipitation. Besides, the warm and wet water vapor in Dongting Lake also contributes to this heavy rainstorm. As the astronomical precipitation cycle in this precipitation is outstanding, it is essential to pay attention to and use the astronomical precipitation forecast method.
基金Acknowledgments The authors thank the staff of Animal Diseases Institute, Hanshou, Hunan province, China, for their assistance during the field work. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31270938）.
文摘Life cycle of the trematode worm, Exorchis mupingensis, includes Oncomelania hupensis snail as first intermediate host and several small freshwater fishes as second intermediate hosts, while the carnivorous fish, Parasilurus asotus, serves as a final host of this parasite. P. asotus fish, Labidochromis caeruleus fish and E. mupingensis cercariae were used in the laboratory to determine the time that mature metacercariae of E. mupingensis take to develop into an adult worm within the final host. Results showed that the period of development of the mature metacercariae of E. mupingensis into an adult worm within the final host, P. asotus, is ca. 30 d.
基金supported by Shanghai Key Laboratory of Human Sport Competence Development and Maintenance,Shanghai University of Sport(NO.11DZ2261100)
文摘Background： Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction （EAMD） is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad （FAT）, a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, we explored the possibility that carbohydrate supplements can improve the status of EAMD and prevent exercise-induced ovarian injury in a FAT rat model. This research aimed to provide experimental evidence with regard to the relationship of energy intervention and EAMD. Methods： Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats （2 months old） were randomly divided into five experimental groups： control group （C）, 9-week exercise as model for EAMD （E）, post-EAMD recovery group （R）, oligosaccharide intervention group （O）, and glucose intervention group （G）. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 9 weeks. Serum samples were collected for measuring gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 1713-estradiol and progesterone levels. The ovaries were taken for investigation of exercise- and carbohydrate-induced follicular subcellular structure changes. Results： Exercise induced irregular menstrual cycles and ovary subcellular structural damages, such as swollenness of mitochondria in rats from groups E and R. Both glucose and oligosaccharide supplements restored well-differentiated mitochondria in the ovarian follicular cells, and a significant improvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in swollenness in theca cells in groups O and G compared to groups C, E, and R. There was no difference in mitochondria subcellular structural changes between groups O and G. Group E showed attenuation of serum levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone compared to C. There were no differences of 17β-estradiol serum levels among groups O, G, and R, while group G showed a lower level of progesterone than C. Conclusion： Female adult rats with 9-week continuous exercise can cause menstrual dysregulation as a model for EAMD. Post-EAMD intervention with glucose and oligosaccharide intake can normalize the menstrual cycle, restore the follicular subcellular structure, and reverse the exercise-induced reduction of ovary sex hormones. It suggests a positive feedback of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis might be involved in the molecular mechanisms of energy intake in treating EAMD.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2007CB948104)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (No.Z207021)
文摘Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) refers to a procedure for genetically analyzing embryos prior to implantation,improving the chance of conception for patients at high risk of transmitting specific inherited disorders.This method has been widely used for a large number of genetic disorders since the first successful application in the early 1990s.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) are the two main methods in PGD,but there are some inevitable shortcomings limiting the scope of genetic diagnosis.Fortunately,different whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques have been developed to overcome these problems.Sufficient DNA can be amplified and multiple tasks which need abundant DNA can be performed.Moreover,WGA products can be analyzed as a template for multi-loci and multi-gene during the subsequent DNA analysis.In this review,we will focus on the currently available WGA techniques and their applications,as well as the new technical trends from WGA products.
