In order to measure the impact of changes in the marsh on breeding Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) and White-naped Cranes (G.vipio) in the Sanjiang Plain,we conducted a complete crane súrvey in each of the s...In order to measure the impact of changes in the marsh on breeding Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) and White-naped Cranes (G.vipio) in the Sanjiang Plain,we conducted a complete crane súrvey in each of the summers of 2007 and 2008,and obtained information on the changes in its marsh through interpretation of satellite images in 1986,1995,2000 and 2005.A comparison between the 1984 and 2008 census shows that:1) the number of Red-crowned Cranes remained stable at about 300 birds,while the number of White-naped Cranes increased markedly; 2) the estimates of nests of Red-crowned cranes are close to the numbers of 1984,while approximately 90％ of the nests of these two crane species were distributed over five national nature reserves (NNRs); 3) the two crane species became more concentrated in three regions,i.e.,the Fuyuan Delta,the middle reaches of the Naoli and Qixing rivers,and the Xingkai Lake wetlands,rather as formerly in six regions.The area of the marsh decreased by 45％ within the 20-year period from 1986 to 2005.The major loss of the marsh area was in the form of a conversion to paddy fields and dry land,which can be primarily attributed to direct human activity under various economic and policy drivers.The disappearance of cranes in the Dulu and Abuqin rivers was induced by large-scale agricultural development.The fragmentation into and isolation of small areas of the marsh became increasingly more serious,which resulted in unsuitable condtions for crane breeding in small patches of the marsh.The number of cranes declined from 1984-1995 but had recovered remarkably by 2008,which may be due to theestablishment of a system of nature reserves,in place since 2000.The land ownership of the reserve plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the wetland ecosystem,especially in Sanjiang,Honghe,Naolihe and Qixinghe NNRs,which together accommodated approximately 80％ of the population of cranes.However,we did not discover any nests at all in the provincial and municipal reserves,which may be attributed to high human disturbances in these areas.In the end,we propose some recommendations on reserve management.展开更多
The Integrated Marine Observing System [IMOS] is an Australian national program for observing the oceans around Australia. As one of its important nodes, the New South Wales Integrated Marine Observing System （NSW-IM...The Integrated Marine Observing System [IMOS] is an Australian national program for observing the oceans around Australia. As one of its important nodes, the New South Wales Integrated Marine Observing System （NSW-IMOS] aims to provide more accurate descriptions of the East Australian Current [EAC]. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential economic benefits from NSW-IMOS. Six related sectors which can potentially be among its main beneficiaries are considered： beach recreation, commercial fishing, recreational fishing, recreational boating, natural hazard predictions, and oil spill mitigation. The 1% constant percentage increase evaluation method is used to estimate the potential economic benefits to these six beneficiaries. By using this method, our study shows that the total potential economic benefit for these sectors is estimated to be $ 6.07 million per year. We consider that this is indicative but not conclusive in demonstrating some of the potential economic benefits that can be provided from information gathered by NSW-IMOS facilities. We conclude with further evaluative approaches that could be used to provide more accurate estimates of potential economic benefits.展开更多
基金supported by the Conservation Fund of the State Forestry Administration of China and the Siberian Crane Wetland GEF/UNEP Project(GF/2712-03-4627)
文摘In order to measure the impact of changes in the marsh on breeding Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) and White-naped Cranes (G.vipio) in the Sanjiang Plain,we conducted a complete crane súrvey in each of the summers of 2007 and 2008,and obtained information on the changes in its marsh through interpretation of satellite images in 1986,1995,2000 and 2005.A comparison between the 1984 and 2008 census shows that:1) the number of Red-crowned Cranes remained stable at about 300 birds,while the number of White-naped Cranes increased markedly; 2) the estimates of nests of Red-crowned cranes are close to the numbers of 1984,while approximately 90％ of the nests of these two crane species were distributed over five national nature reserves (NNRs); 3) the two crane species became more concentrated in three regions,i.e.,the Fuyuan Delta,the middle reaches of the Naoli and Qixing rivers,and the Xingkai Lake wetlands,rather as formerly in six regions.The area of the marsh decreased by 45％ within the 20-year period from 1986 to 2005.The major loss of the marsh area was in the form of a conversion to paddy fields and dry land,which can be primarily attributed to direct human activity under various economic and policy drivers.The disappearance of cranes in the Dulu and Abuqin rivers was induced by large-scale agricultural development.The fragmentation into and isolation of small areas of the marsh became increasingly more serious,which resulted in unsuitable condtions for crane breeding in small patches of the marsh.The number of cranes declined from 1984-1995 but had recovered remarkably by 2008,which may be due to theestablishment of a system of nature reserves,in place since 2000.The land ownership of the reserve plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the wetland ecosystem,especially in Sanjiang,Honghe,Naolihe and Qixinghe NNRs,which together accommodated approximately 80％ of the population of cranes.However,we did not discover any nests at all in the provincial and municipal reserves,which may be attributed to high human disturbances in these areas.In the end,we propose some recommendations on reserve management.
文摘The Integrated Marine Observing System [IMOS] is an Australian national program for observing the oceans around Australia. As one of its important nodes, the New South Wales Integrated Marine Observing System （NSW-IMOS] aims to provide more accurate descriptions of the East Australian Current [EAC]. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential economic benefits from NSW-IMOS. Six related sectors which can potentially be among its main beneficiaries are considered： beach recreation, commercial fishing, recreational fishing, recreational boating, natural hazard predictions, and oil spill mitigation. The 1% constant percentage increase evaluation method is used to estimate the potential economic benefits to these six beneficiaries. By using this method, our study shows that the total potential economic benefit for these sectors is estimated to be $ 6.07 million per year. We consider that this is indicative but not conclusive in demonstrating some of the potential economic benefits that can be provided from information gathered by NSW-IMOS facilities. We conclude with further evaluative approaches that could be used to provide more accurate estimates of potential economic benefits.
