传统书画文物保护修复中“大浆”与“小浆”的特性研究

本文以传统书画装裱常用黏合剂“大浆”与“小浆”为研究对象,研究了两种浆糊糊化过程中,不同温度下的偏光十字及黏度变化规律,比较了保存过程中两者黏度的变化规律;并以两种浆糊为黏合剂,模拟了书画装裱过程中的部分工序,制备了系列纸样,探讨了两种浆糊制备的纸样在纸张性能方面的差异;以期在同样的条件下,找出两者的差异性,从而为现代书画修复中,传统书画修复科学用糊提供一定的参考依据。

Load-bearing characteristics and energy evolution of fractured rock masses after granite and sandstone grouting

Experiments on grouting-reinforced rock mass specimens with different particle sizes and features were carried out in this study to examine the effects of grouting reinforcement on the load-bearing characteristics of fractured rock mass.The strength and deformation features of grouting-reinforced rock mass were analyzed under different loading manners;the energy evolution mechanism of grouting-reinforced rock mass specimens with different particle sizes and features was investigated;the energy dissipation ratio and post-peak stress decreasing rate were employed to evaluate the bearing stability of grouting-reinforced rock mass.The results show that the strength and ductility of granite-reinforced rock mass(GRM)under biaxial loading are higher than that of sandstone-reinforced rock mass(SRM)under uniaxial loading.Besides,the energy evolution characteristics of grouting-reinforced rock mass under uniaxial and biaxial loading mainly could be divided into early,middle,and late stages.In the early stage,total,elastic,and dissipation energies were quite small with flatter curves;in the middle stage,elastic energy increased rapidly,whereas dissipation energy increased slowly;in the late stage,dissipation energy increased sharply.The energy dissipation ratio was used to represent the pre-peak plastic deformation.Under uniaxial loading,this ratio increased as the particle size increased and the pre-peak plastic deformation of grouting-reinforced rock mass became larger;under biaxial loading,it dropped as the particle size increased,and the pre-peak plastic deformation of grouting-reinforced rock mass became smaller.The post-peak stress decline rate A_(v) was used to assess the post-peak bearing performance of grouting-reinforced rock mass.Under uniaxial loading,parameter A_(v) exhibited reduction as the particle size kept increasing,and the ability of post-peak of grouting-reinforced rock mass to allow deformation development was greater,and the bearing capacity was greater;under biaxial loading,A_(v) increased with the particle size,and the ability of post-peak of grouting-reinforced rock mass to allow deformation development was low and the bearing capacity was reduced.The findings are considered instrumental in improving the stability of the roadway-surrounding rock by granite and sandstone grouting.

Grain Filling Characteristics of Giant Embryo Rice Mutant

[Objective] The aim was to explore the relevance between decreased 1 000-grain weight and grain-filling characteristics of rice giant embryo mutant.[Method] Richards equation was used to describe grain filling processes of giant embryo mutant MH-ge1 and its corresponding wild type so as to analyze the parameters of grain-filling characteristics of materials.[Result] The initial filling power of mutant MH-ge1 was higher than the wild type MH86,however,the maximum filling rate,the mean filling rate and the final increment of mutant MH-ge1 was lower than those of MH86.[Conclusion] The grain-filling characteristics of mutant MH-ge1 were poorer than the wild type MH86,thus resulting in the decrease of the grain weight of the giant embryo rice.

Geochemistry of intrusive rock in Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field, Guangxi, China: Implications for petrogenesis and geodynamics

The major element, trace element and rare earth element（REE） of the intrusion rock from the Dachang ore field in Guangxi, China, were analyzed. The results show that the phenocryst（about 15%） and matrix（about 85%） mainly consist of quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase. The rock is composed of low content of Si and high content of Al2O3, low contents of Ca, Fe2O3, Na, TiO2, etc. The intrusion rock has the medium alkali content, attributing to K-rich type rock; and contains medium to low REE contents, of which light rare earth elements（LREEs） and heavy rare earth elements（HREEs） are highly fractionated, showing a weak negative Ce anomaly and a negative Eu anomaly. These rocks are enriched in LREE, and the large ion lithophytes elements（LILE） are rich in Rb, Sr, and U; the high-field-strength elements（Nb, Th, etc） are relatively depleted. The REE chondrite-normalized patterns are consistent with the overall, roughly indicating their similar characteristics, sources and evolution. The intrusion rock mainly formed during the collisional and within-plate periods.

粒度组成对全铝质浇注料烧结前后性能的影响

研究了对于含有一系列骨料、细粉、最小加水量、无水泥和外加剂的全铝质自流浇注料,为提高其新拌浆体的流动性以及烧后强度而设计的优化方案。自流的细粉基质被单独优化,并保持不变。改变骨料与基质加入比例,从而改变其比表面积和骨料颗粒之间距离。随后在基质加入量最优化并保持恒定的条件下,研究了骨料的粒度组成对新拌浆体和浇注料烧后性能的影响。得出结论:比表面积和最大浆体厚度对浇注料的流动性参数有较大影响。

Analysis on Phenotypic, Physiological and Genetic Characteristics of Large Grain Rice Line lg1

In this study, phenotypic, physiological and genetic characteristics of large grain rice line Igl were investigated. The results showed that Igl exhibited tall plants, long spikes and large grains, with a 1 000-grain weight of 47.58 g. In addition, Igl had strong photosynthetic capacity, but the stomatal conductance-and intercellular CO2 concentration were 32.1% and 3.94% lower compared with 9311, respectively. Igl displayed synchronous grain filling, and there were no significant differences between the contribution rates of superior and inferior grains at the early, middle and late grain-filling stages, but the grain-filling duration of superior grains was longer than that of inferior grains. The genetic analysis indicated that grain length, grain width, length-width ratio, grain thickness and 1 000-grain weight of F2 population obeyed normal distribution, which were quantitative trait loci controlled by multiple genes. The correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant positive correlation between grain width and grain length; grain length, grain width and grain thickness exhibited extremely significant positive correlations with 1 000-grain weight and extremely significant negative correlations with length-width ratio, it might be concluded that grain width, grain length, length-width ratio, grain thickness and 1 000- grain weight were controlled by one or more common QTLs. These results provided theoretic basis for the application of large grain rice line Igl in super high-yielding rice breeding.

Plasma interleukin-18 reflects severity of ulcerative colitis

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ulcerative colitis activity and plasma or mucosal concentrations of interleukin (IL)-18. METHODS: 11-18 concentrations were measured in plasma and mucosal samples from 15 patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). RESULTS: The mean plasma concentration of IL-18 measured in all patients (422±88 pg/mL) doubled the mean value in healthy controls (206±32 pg/mL); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Plasma IL-18 levels revealed a significant positive correlation with scored endoscopic degree of mucosal injury, disease activity index, clinical activity index and C-reactive protein concentration. The mean concentration of plasma IL-18 was significantly higher in patients with severe ulcerative colitis (535±115 pg/mL) than in patients with mild ulcerative colitis (195±41 pg/mL), and in healthy controls. Although the mucosal mean IL-18 concentration in severe ulcerative colitis (2 523±618 pg/mg protein) doubled values observed in mild one (1347±308 pg/mg protein), there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Plasma IL-18 can be considered as a surrogate marker helpful in evaluation of ulcerative colitis activity.

Estimation of jet grouting parameters in Shahriar dam,Iran

Jet grouting is a method for improving of soil and its physical characteristics.However,in this method,grouting of cement slurry with high pressure and velocity may cause damaging to soil structure,and then excavated grains of soil are removed from the borehole and replaced with cement slurry.The grains,which are remained around the borehole,mixed with slurry（cement） in-situ,can create an improved mass of soil.This mass is named＂Soilcrete＂.Soilcrete mass has special characteristics such as high strength,low deformability and very low permeability.In this paper,principles of jet grouting and effective parameters have been analyzed.Then the test results obtained from Soilcrete column have been investigated.Finally,the paper concludes with presenting amount of principle jet grouting parameters at foundation of Shahriar dam according to the results of jet grouting test.Based on the measurements,the diameter,Soilcrete UCS（uniaxial compression strength）,amount of the water,grout and air pressure and lifting and rotating speed in original site of jet grouting are 1.2～1.5 m,2～3 MPa,370～390 bar,10～15 bar,6～8 bar,7～8 cm/min and 7～8 cm/min,respectively.Also it can be seen that while the column diameter falls within the upper half of the range,some values of the compressive strength are close to the lower limit of the range.

Rheological behavior of Shengli coal-solvent slurry at low-temperatures and atmospheric pressure

We report the results from systematic studies of Shengli lignite coal-solvent slurries. Solvent type, temperature, coal to solvent ratio, particle granularity, shear rate and shear time were investigated. The viscosity of the solvents is time independent. However, the slurries are thixotropic. A change from pseudo-plastic to Newtonian behavior occurs as the temperature, or as the solvent to coal ratio, increases. The solvent used in the slurry affects the point at which the rheology changes from pseudo-plastic to Newtonian. The REC slurry changes at 1:1.2 coal to solvent ratio and at 40 °C. The HAR slurry changes at a 1:1.5 ratio and at 60 °C. The rheology of the slurries is pseudo-plastic at low shear rates but Newtonian at high shear rates.

Permeability in Flysch-Distribution Decrease with Depth and Grout Curtains Under Dams

A considerable number of in situ permeability tests in flysch are processed to a depth of 120m with a good spatial distribution. The distribution of permeability values for the different litho-types of this formation, their comparison and their decrease with depth is discussed. The depth where a permeability of 3 to 5×10-7m/sec can be retained (the limit of a reasonable grouting under a high dam) may be twofold if the geological history of the formation could not contain a compressional tectonic process. This depth may reach 100m in some cases. The differences in the mean values of permeability among the various litho-types are minor, while the presence of siltstones, always present although with varied participation, dramatically controls the global permeability.

Plasma homocysteine levels are independently associated with alterations of large artery stiffness in men but not in women

Objectives To investigate the associations of the plasma homocysteine levels with the alterations in arterial stiffness in a commu- nity-based cohort. The gender differences in these associations were examined. Methods We evaluated the relationship between plasma homocysteine levels to three measures of vascular ftmction [carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity （CF-PWV）, carotid-ankle PWV （CA-PWV） and heart rate corrected augmentation index （AI）] in 1680 participants （mean age： 61.5 years; 709 men, 971 women） from communities of Beijing, China. Results In univariate analysis, plasma homocysteine levels was positively related to the CF-PWV （r = 0.211, P 〈 0.0001） and CA-PWV （r = 0.148, P 〈 0.0001）, whereas inversely associated with AI （r = -0.052, P = 0.016）. In multiple linear regression models adjusting for covariants, plasma homocysteine remained positively related to the CF-PWV （standardized 13 = 0.065, P = 0.007） in total cases. When the groups of men and women were examined separately, plasma homocysteine remained positively associated with the CF-PWV （standardized β = 0.082, P = 0.023） in men, whereas the relations between homocysteine and any of the arterial stiffness indices were not further present in women. Conclusions In Chinese population, plasma homocysteine levels are independently associated with alterations of large artery stiffness in men but not in women.

Formative mechanism of preferential solution flow during dump leaching

Preferential flow is a rapid movement of solution through pores caused by coarse ores. Macropore is the main factor for the preferential flow. Macropore can be defined from three aspects. Segregation of the ores during dumping was studied according to particle kinematics. Small ores become smaller under the effect of acid and weathering. Clay in the rainwater from the hillside precipitates in the dump. Segregation and fine ores are the main causes in macropore. The permeability in coarse ores is better than that in fine ores. The mechanism in the preferential flows was studied combining the fast conducting effect of the macropore. Experimental result shows that, at certain application rate, fine ore area is saturated while large volume of solution flows laterally to the coarse ore area and leaks out quickly through the macropores. Thus the mechanism of preferential solution flows is further illustrated.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Germacrone in Rat Plasma

Aim A reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method wasdeveloped for determination of germacrone in rat plasma. Methods The plasma samples were treatedwith acetonitrile and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at 244 nm. Results The limit of detectionwas 100 ng·mL^(-1) for germacrone in plasma and the linear range was 0.1004-15.06 μg·mL^(-1) inplasma. The RSD of intra-day and inter-day assay was 1.87% - 4.29% and 1.29% -5.15%, respectively.The recoveries of germacrone were over 95%. The endogenous substances in plasma did not show anyinterference in the analysis. Conclusion The method is accurate and convenient, and suitable forpharmacokinetic studies of germacrone in rats.

EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE OF DUMAI-ACUPOINTS ON CEREBRAL NO AND BLOOD ENDOTHELIN CONTENTS IN RATS WITH ACUTE CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

Thirty Wistar rats were randomly and evenly divided into control group, cerebral ischemia group and ischemia + electroacupuncture (EA) group. The bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded to induce acute cerebral ischemia. Nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)contents in the cerebral tissues and blood were measured under normal condition, immediately after ischemia and following EA. Results showed that after acute cerebral ischemia NO and ET contents in the cerebral tissues increased significantly (P<0.01) while serum ET increased and serum NO lowered obviously (P<0.05). Following EA of Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14), both NO and ET in cerebral tissues and serum turned to normal basically. It showed that EA could protect the cerebral tissues from injury induced by ischemia, NO and ET might participate in the modulation process of EA.

Discussion on Middle Jurassic metallogenic mechanism of Au-Mo polymetallic hydrothermal deposits in eastern Jilin

In the Middle Jurassic,a large-scale tectonic-magmatic activities and hydrothermal mineralization occurred in the eastern Jilin province.The deposit types consist of the orogenic gold deposit,porphyry molybdenum deposit and skarn gold deposit,etc.,which constitute regional hydrothermal metallogenic series.The magmatic bodies related to mineralization belong to calc-alkaline series,which are characterized by active continental margins.The above-mentioned different types of deposits formed in a uniform tectonic setting,which resulted from the combined processes between the subduction of Pacific plate under the Eurasia plate and the persistent post-collisional convergent forces between the North China plate and the Siberian plate.The mineralizations were happening in the deceleration period,after which Paleo-Pacific plate was strongly subducted under the Eurasia continental block,i.e.transition period from compression to extension.

Maars in the Xilinhot-Abaga Volcanic Cluster

Located in Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the Xilinhot-Abaga volcanic cluster is in the centre of the Daxing’anling-Datong volcanic eruption belt.More than 300 Quaternary basaltic volcanoes of different types are developed in the volcanic eruption belt.Maars are found for the first time in the study area,with those in Haotewula in the southeast of Abagaqi,and Chelewula and Esigewula in the northwest of Abagaqi to be the most representative.They all are large in scale,with cone diameters generally 3~4km,with the largest up to 6.5km.The maars show intact structure,a similar two-ringed mountain landscape and obviously phased eruption which contained a vigorous phreatomagmatic explosion at the earlier stage,and weak magmatic explosion at the later stage,and basaltic lava effusion in the last stage.The eruption sequence reflects the interaction between magma and water,the change of intrusive speed and outflow rate of magma.The Middle Pleistocene deposits of sand and gravel in the valley are covered by basal surge deposits.The TL age of sandstone-shale 'xenolith'which was found in the spatter deposits close to the crater is( 0.112 ± 0.0096) Ma,indicating that the eruption time of the Maars was the early Late Pleistocene.

Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of Artemisinin in Rat Plasma

Artemisinin is a potent anti-malarial drug isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Artemisia annua. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for the determination of artemisinin in rat plasma using amlodipine as Internal Standard. The method consist of a simple liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tertiary butyl ether （MTBE） with subsequent evaporation of the supernatant to dryness followed by the analysis of the reconstituted sample by LC-MS/？vIS with a Z-spray atmospheric pressure ionization （API） interface in the positive ion-multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor precursor--〉product ions of m/z 282.70--〉m/z 209.0 for artemisinin and m/z 408.9--〉m/z 237.0 for amlodipine respectively. The method was linear （0.999） over the concentration range of 7.8-2000 ng/mL in rat plasma. The intra and inter-day accuracy were measured to be within 94-104.2% and precision （CV） were all less than 5%. The extraction recovery means for internal standard and all the artemisinin concentrations used were between 82-85%.

A comparative investigation of the properties of coal-water slurries prepared from Australia and Shenhua coals

Two coal samples of similar rank were chosen from Australia and China to investigate the differences in Coal-Water Slurry （CWS） made from them. The effect of ash content and particle size gradation on these properties was also studied. Different grinding times were used when grinding the two coals and particle size analysis of these ground coals was used to select samples with a ＂double-peak＂ particle size distri- bution. All the ＂double-peak＂ samples were used to prepare a CWS. The concentration, viscosity, fluidity, and stability of each CWS were measured. The results show that the properties ofa CWS prepared from a coal sample with a ＂double-peak＂ size distribution are better than those CWS prepared from samples with a mono-modal particle distribution. The ash content of Australian coal is 21.72g higher than the ash content of Shenhua coal. The highest coal concentration in slurry from the Australia coal is 11.01% higher than in CWS from the Shenhua coat. The fluidity and stability of the CWS prepared from the Australian coal are both better than the fluidity and stability of slurry prepared from Shenhua coal. High ash content in the Australian coal imnroves the nulning results of a CWS made from it.

Unanticipated Bond Failure over Supporting Band Beams in Grouted Post-Tensioned Slab Tendons with Little or No Initial Prestress

After grouting the ducts in a large band beam and one-way slab post-tensioned floor system in a large shopping mall （in excess of 1.5 km2 in plan）, doubts arose concerning the level of initial prestress and the strength and serviceability of the slabs was questioned. To assess the strength of the slabs, it was assumed, as a worst case scenario, that some spans may have been constructed with zero initial prestress. Load tests on prototype specimens, with similar dimensions and reinforcement quantities as the floor slabs, were performed to assess the stress development in initially unstressed, but fully grouted, tendons. Unexpected bond failures occurred at the junctions of slab and band beam where the abrupt change in section depth caused a sudden change in tendon stress. The maximum stress that was developed in the initially unstressed tendons at these locations was about 60% of the strength of the tendons.

Normalization of plasma growth hormone alleviated malignant ventricular tachycardia in acromegaly

Acromegaly is an insidious endocrine disease character- ized by chronic elevation of growth hormone （GH） and insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）.Ell Persistent excess se- cretion of GH and IGF-1 damages both cardiac structure and function, leading to acromegalic cardiomyopathy, which is one of the most common causes of increased mortality in acromegaly and can result in an average of 10-year reduction in life expectancy.I2＇31 In patients with acromegaly, approximately 3% have been reported having a unique cardiomyopathy characterized by biventricular hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis, lymphocytic infiltration, interstitialfibrosis.