庆云县马颊河大淀拦河闸工程监理金属结构质量控制

简介庆云县马颊河大淀拦河闸闸门、卷扬机金属结构的材料、制造和安装的质量控制,通过运行试验和验收,被评为优良工程。

庆云大淀拦河闸施工排水措施

在深基坑、高水位、土基础水利工程施工中,施工排水是很重要的一环,它的成败直接关系工程建设能否正常进行,也是关系到工程质量、工程进度和工程效益的大事,因此,在施工前根据不同的工程情况,选择行之有效的方案至关重要.山东省水利工程局承建的庆云大淀拦河闸工程在施工排水方面采取了以下措施.

大淀湖综合治理后浮游动物群落结构特征研究

大淀湖于2005、2006年进行了清淤改造并采取了水体生态恢复措施。为评价水体生态整治效果,于2006年9月至2007年8月对大淀湖综合治理后浮游动物群落变化状况进行了逐月采样监测。结果共发现浮游动物72属149种,其中原生动物45属80种、轮虫20属61种、枝角类5属6种、桡足类2属2种。原生动物中优势属种为变形虫(Amoeba sp.)、球形砂壳虫(Difflugia globulosa)等,轮虫优势种为针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、异尾轮虫(Trichocerca stylata)等,各季优势种组成不同。浮游动物年均生物量和密度为9.48 mg/L和12.15×104 ind/L,春季最高,达10.51 mg/L和13.10×104 ind/L。生物量和密度所占比例均以原生动物最高(98.02%,83.55%),其次是轮虫(1.99%,12.79%),枝角类和桡足类很少,桡足类年平均密度和生物量仅9.5 ind/L和0.11 mg/L,枝角类仅0.32 ind/L、0.01 mg/L。年均Shannon-Weiner指数轮虫为2.30,原生动物为1.91,枝角类和桡足类都小于0.5。枝角类和桡足类在浮游动物群落密度和生物量组成中所占比例非常低,生物多样性指数也很低,这是大淀湖生态治理后浮游动物群落结构呈现的主要特征。尽管调查期间水质为Ⅲ～Ⅵ类水,但从浮游动物生物量来看,水体属富营养型;从多样性指数来看属α-β中污型。广义加性模型(GAM)分析表明浮游动物生物量与叶绿素a浓度、硝态氮相关性显著。

水生态修复在大淀湖整治中的应用

大淀湖是一个小型、浅水、吞吐型的半人工湖泊。本文通过大淀湖及周边水系的综合整治工程的实施.重建湖泊水生生态系统,增强水体自净能力,使大淀湖主水体水质等级在2006年底达到标准的Ⅳ～Ⅴ类.1～2年(2007～2008年)后水质达到Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水质标准。

“大淀”级轻巡

“大淀”级是日本在二战中建造的第2级轻巡洋舰,也是旧日本海军建造的最后一级轻巡洋舰。“大淀”级只建有1艘,即“大淀”号(OYODO)。与此前的轻巡洋舰相比,“大淀”号轻巡有很多特殊之处。但其最特殊之处不是因为其结构和性能,而在于它曾是日本海军联合舰队的最后一任旗舰。

Starch Accumulation Characteristics of Large-Seed Rice

[Objective] The paper aimed to provide the theoretical foundation for rational using the large-seed rice.[Method] Large-seed rice 31C122、31C125 （ nearly 50 g /1 000-weight） and normal rice varieties including Jiyujing and Fuyu 333 as materials,the accumulative process for sugar and starch in seeds was compared and analyzed.[Result] Sugar content of inferior grains was higher than superior grains in all tested materials,sugar content of large seeds was lower than conventional ones;starch content of superior grains was higher than inferior grains,starch content of conventional ones was higher than large-seed rice,amylopectin content was higher than amylose content in all tested materials,amylose content of large-seed rice was lower than conventional ones;the peak of accumulation starch for superior grains of large-seed rice was later than conventional ones,inferior grains advanced;active saving period of starch for superior grains of large-seed rice was longer than conventional ones.[Conclusion] The quality of large-seed rice was better than conventional ones.

Purification of Starch from Cadmium-Contaminated Rice and Development of Functional Recombinant Rice

In order to provide a new utilization method for cadmium-contaminated rice,a preliminary study of the removal of rice starch cadmium by water,calcium hydroxide,sodium hydroxide and citric acid was conducted,the damage degree of starch was compared by SEM,and then the recombinant rice was obtained by a twin-screw extruder using the starch which met the safety standard.The physical and chemical properties of recombinant rice were analyzed by acid hydrolysis and texture analyzer.The results showed that citric acid was a good rice cadmium removal agent.The quality of recombinant rice prepared from cadmium-removed rice starch was improved;the acid resistance was increased.Heavy metal contaminated rice can be a staple food with better quality and higher value through processing.

Structure, Physico-chemical and Microbiological Properties of Ozone-oxidized Wheat, Corn, Potato and Rice Starches

A limited number of studies have been conducted on the effects of ozone use on cereal and its components. Starch, an important natural macromolecule, is an essential component of cereals. In present study, the effects of ozone on the structure, physico-chemical and microbiological properties of wheat, corn, potato and rice starches were investigated. Wheat starch, corn starch, potato starch and rice starch water mixtures were prepared in the ratio of 1：9 （dry sample to water ratio） and treated with ozone at a rate of 60 g/h for 1 hour, while unozonated samples were used as controls. Light microscopy represented that the structures of corn and potato starch samples were affected by 1 hr ozonation rather than the structures of wheat and rice starch samples. Colour of ozone-oxidized wheat, corn and potato starch samples could meet the consumer preference due to the higher lightness, higher whiteness and lower chroma value. However, high chroma, high yellownes and low whiteness values of ozonated rice starch is not adequate for consumer desire. Microbiological analysis showed that 1 hr ozonation reduced the total bacteria and mould/yeast counts significantly for all wheat, corn, potato and rice starch samples （P 〈 0.05） due to most probably the reduced pH of samples. Ozonation can be an alternative modification technique, but further research is needed to understand the certain benefits and limitations of ozone applications on starch oxidation for human safety and health.

Effects of Dietary Stachyose on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Intestinal Morphology of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L)

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary stachyose on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal structures of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L). Five isonitrogenous(49.58% crude protein) and isolipidic(10.50% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0(Control), 0.625%(S-0.625), 1.25%(S-1.25), 2.5%(S-2.5) and 5%(S-5) stachyose, respectively. With the increase of stachyose level, the growth performance and feed utilization of turbot, such as the specific growth rate, final mean body weight, weight gain rate and feed efficiency, increased significantly(P < 0.05) and then stabilized. The feed intake of fish fed S-5 was significantly higher(P < 0.05) than that of fish in other groups. The activities of trypsin, intestinal caseinolytic, stomach and intestinal amylase were significantly influenced by stachyose(P < 0.05). The highest values of trypsin and intestinal caseinolytic activities were observed in group S-1.25, while the highest activity of stomach amylase and the lowest activity of intestine amylase were observed in group S-5. No lesion or damage was found on the distal intestine structures of fish from all treatments, while the height of simple folds in the distal intestine was significantly increased(P< 0.05) when 1.25% or 2.5% stachyose was added in the diets. These results indicated that moderate level of stachyose(1.25%) improves the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities and the distal intestine structures of juvenile turbot.

Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Atmospheric Water Vapor Transport in the Haihe River Basin

The seasonal mean atmospheric precipitable water and water vapor transport over the Haihe River Basin （HRB） in North China with a focus on their interannual to interdecadal variability, and then the relationships of the interannual and interdecadal variability of the water cycle over the HRB to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） and E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） phenomena were investigated using the observational and National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） reanalysis data. There was a strong interdecadal variability for the water cycle （such as precipitation and water vapor transport） over the region, with an abrupt change occurring mostly in the mid 1970s. The intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon largely affected the atmospheric water vapor transport. Generally, the net meridional convergence of the water vapor flux over the region was relatively large before 1965, and it declined gradually from then on with a further notable decrease since mid 1970s. Zonal water vapor transport was similar to meridional, but with a much smaller magnitude and no noteworthy turning in the mid 1970s. Results also suggested that the wind field played an important role in the water vapor transport over the HRB before the mid 1960s, and the interdecadal variability of the water cycle （precipitation, water vapor transport, etc.） in the summer was related to the PDO; however, interannual variation of the water vapor transport could also be related to the ENSO phenomena.

A New Approach for the Measurement of Digestible Carbohydrates in Different Food Samples with HPLC-RI

This paper gives an impetus in quantifying digestible carbohydrates, which are important components of cereals, legumes and vegetables. The HPLC method was applied for the first time in India to estimate the digestible carbohydrates such as sugars and starches in different branded rice, legumes and vegetable samples which were procured from local market of twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad in Andhra Pradesh State, India. In the present study, we estimated carbohydrates in vitro, mimicking the in vivo condition by incorporating enzymatic digestion. Among the rice varieties the analyzed total soluble sugars were in the range of 5.69% to 9.62%, vegetables 0.0% to 3.72% and legumes 0.04% to 0.98%. Soluble starches in rice samples ranged from 12.51% to 17.64%, in vegetables from 1.73% to 7.28% and in legumes from 23.76% to 38.71%. Insoluble starches in rice samples were observed to be bracketed in between 52.53% to 60.43%, where as in vegetables from 0.58% to 8.83% and in legumes from 16.13% to 29.22%. Concluding our observation, the total amount of starches and total sugars in rice fell in between 74.32% to 80.75%, in vegetables from 1.74% to 16.11%, and in legumes from 39.93% to 68.91%.

Gene Expression and Fungal Morphology in Submerged Culture Using Whole Barley of Aspergillus kawachii

The authors described a novel submerged batch culture system that produced high levels of amylase by Aspergillus kawachii using whole barley （WB）, the surface of which is covered by its husk. In this study, detailed analyses determining the amylase activities, residual sugars, fungal morphology and expression levels of genes were performed in a submerged culture using WB to address the mechanism underlying high amylase productivity in A. kawachii. High levels of glucoamylase and acid-stable u-amylase were produced in this culture, and expression levels of amylases, as well as glucose-repressive genes including high-affinity glucose transporter and peroxidase/catalase were also high. On the other hand, the morphology of mycelia was altered, with swollen, bulbous, multi-septum hyphae and conidiophores that normally form in a solid culture being partially generated. Furthermore, cell cycle and post-translational modification-related gene expression levels were altered, and were similar to those in the solid culture. These findings suggest that high amylase productivity in the submerged culture using WB is accompanied by both the up-regulation of amylase genes and activation of post-translational modifications due to fungal morphological changes being brought closer to those in the solid culture.

Size Reduction of Hydrophobically Modified Starch on Beads Mill： Effect of Dispersing Medium and Milling Time

The primary interest to this study was to investigate the effect of milling parameters on the size of hydrophobically modified starch particles, aiming to produce small, uniformly sized modified starch microspheres. Octie, a commercial product originated from cornstarch modified using Octenyl Succinate Anhydride （OSA）, was dispersed （3 wt%） using different media （water or ethanol） and subsequently wet-milled using a beads mill with zirconium beads at a rotation of 6,000 rpm up to 30 min. It was found that milling Octie in water dispersion for 3 min resulted in the smallest mean particle size （2.04 i 0.91 ktm）, compared to unmilled modified starch granules （15.2 ~ 6.0 lam）. Granular size and morphology changed considerably with further milling. For instance, very dense clusters with variable particle sizes （20.6 ~ 10.0 lam） were obtained after 30 min milling. As depicted by Scanning Electronic Microscopy, a large number of particles were apparently flattened during the milling process rather than broken, forming aggregates. Ultimately, within the range of experimental conditions tested, production of sub-micron modified starch particles was not possible.

探讨中药的保存方法

近年来,随着人们思想意识的不断提升,中医中药越来越被人们推崇。中药多为植物,部分中药为矿物质和动物,因此中药储存是个非常复杂、精细的工作。中药房管理人员要根据中药的性质对其进行合理的储存,保证中药的质量。

The eyes are the window to the heart： one case of cardiac amyloidosis with eyelid swelling as the initial symptom

Cardiac amyloidoses （CA）, a disease caused by the pre- cipitation of amyloid proteins in myocardial extracellular matrix, is difficult to diagnose due to its lack of specific clinical manifestations, and can be easily misdiagnosed.[1] However, due to the recent improved awareness and wide use of biopsy, most patients are now correctly diagnosed prior to death. This report concerns a 59-year-old male who presented with symptoms of double eyelid swelling and chest tightness without obvious causes.

Digestive enzyme activities in mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Chinese black sleeper Bostrichthys sinensis

The mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Chinese black sleeper Bostrichthys sinensis occupy the intertidal zone.However,both species have their own unique diet.The former is an herbivore and the latter is a carnivore.In order to reveal the relationship between digestive enzyme activities and diets in the two species,the activities of protease(P),non-specific bile salt-activated lipase(BAL) and α-amylase(A) were determined in the stomach and intestine of adult mudskipper B.pectinirostris and Chinese black sleeper B.sinensis.The results showed that the activities of protease,BAL and α-amylase in the intestine of B.pectinirostris were significantly(P<0.05) higher than those in the stomach.In B.sinensis,gastric protease activity was not different from the intestinal protease(P>0.05),while BAL and α-amylase activities of the intestine were significantly(P<0.05) higher than those of the stomach.The activity of gastric protease in B.sinensis was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that in B.pectinirostris,while the activities of intestinal protease were not different between the two fish species(P>0.05).BAL activities of the stomach and intestine in B.sinensis were significantly(P<0.05) higher than those in B.pectinirostris,while α-amylase activities of the stomach and intestine in B.pectinirostris were significantly(P<0.05) higher than those in B.sinensis.The ratios of P/BAL,A/P and A/BAL of the digestive tract in B.pectinirostris were 1.5,107.3 and 158.6,respectively;and those in B.sinensis were 0.2,1.6 and 0.2,respectively.It can be concluded that food digestion in the adult B.pectinirostris is mainly carried out in the intestine,whereas in the adult B.sinensis it is initiated in the stomach and finishes in the intestine.The activities of BAL and α-amylase in B.pectinirostris and B.sinensis are well correlated with their diets.However,a clear-cut correlation between protease activity and diets is not found in these two species.

Adjustment on gibbsite and boehmite co-precipitation from supersaturated sodium aluminate solutions

Gibbsite is the usual precipitation product from alumina refineries with either Bayer or sintering process.However,the advantage of boehmite precipitation over gibbsite precipitation is the significant energy saving in the subsequent calcination step.The current investigation takes a pragmatic approach to measure precipitation ratios,determine product phase,morphology and particle size distribution,and assess the impacts and adjustment capability of main parameters such as seed,temperature,ethanol medium,and supersaturation on the precipitation kinetics and alumina hydrate type during co-precipitation process.The results clarify that gibbsite and boehmite both can be precipitated from supersaturated sodium aluminate solutions simultaneously,and the competitive formation between Al(OH)3 and γ-AlOOH determines the main precipitate phases from pregnant liquor.Boehmite seeds,high temperature and ethanol addition can promote the boehmite precipitation and improve the mass fraction of boehmite in products.Co-precipitation changes the multimodal distribution of seeds to a normal and well distribution of products,and the particle size is more than several times that of seeds.

Development of a method for the quantitative determination of geniposide in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with positive/negative ion-switching electrospray ionization and its application in a pharmacokinetic study in rats

Geniposide is a major bioactive constituent isolated from Gardeniajasminoides Ellis. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of geniposide in pre-clinical studies, a rapid and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method was developed and validated. After simple protein precipitation, geniposide was analyzed on a DiamonsilR C18 column with a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate and methanol （20：80, v/v） at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Detection was performed in ＂Truncated＂ multiple-reaction monitoring （MRM） mode with positive electrospray ionization （ESI） at m/z 411→411 for geniposide, and MRM mode with negative ESI ionization at m/z 415→295 for puerarin （internal standard, IS）. Linearity was established in the concentration range from 10.0 to 5000 ng/mL. The extraction recoveries ranged from 84.8% to 90.5% at concentrations of 10.0, 500 and 4.5x 103 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification （LLOQ） was 10.0 ng/mL with 50 ~tL plasma. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of geniposide in rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg by oral administration.

全家旅行

笛卡尔曾说:“世界,这部巨书…”如果世界是一部巨书的话,那么旅行就是一页一页地翻阅这部巨书。而且,这部书是一个人一辈子也将读不完的。有时一个人翻翻书页也很好。另外,和友人一起共同阅读同一页书,而以共同讨论读书的感想为乐趣也未尝不可,也有由父母把书读给孩子们听的情况吧。世界这部巨书的读法是各种各样的。

Variation in β-amylase activity and thermostability in Tibetan annual wild and cultivated barley genotypes

13-Amylase activity （BAA） and thermostability （BAT） are important traits for malt quality. In this study, 138 Tibetan annual wild barley accessions and 20 cultivated genotypes differing in BAh, were planted and analyzed in 2009 and 2012. Significant differences were detected among genotypes in BAA and BAT. The cultivated genotypes had a mean BAA of 1137.6 U/g and a range of from 602.1 to 1407.5 U/g, while the wild accessions had a mean of 1517.9 U/g and a range of from 829.7 to 2310.0 U/g. The cultivated genotypes had a mean relative residual 13-amylase activity （RRBAA） of 61.6% and a range of from 22.2% to 82.3%, while the wild barleys had a mean of 57.8% and a range of from 21.9% to 96.1%. Moreover, there was a significant difference among genotypes in the response of RRBAA to the temperature and duration of heat treatment. The wild barleys had wider variation in BAA and BAT than cultivated genotvDes.