冲压发动机用梯度隔热层隔热性能研究

为了解决冲压发动机被动热防护结构在长时间、狭小空间、大温度梯度下的隔热问题,提出了多层组合梯度隔热方案。通过不同构型的梯度隔热层的氧乙炔实验研究,优化了梯度隔热层的构型,并对优化后的梯度隔热材料的隔热性能进行了冲压发动机试验验证。研究表明:2100K的高温下柔性梯度隔热层具有良好的隔热性能,能够解决狭小空间、大温度梯度条件下,冲压发动机长时间工作的隔热问题;梯度隔热材料的层数影响隔热层的隔热性能,较多的层数可提高柔性梯度材料的整体隔热性能;梯度隔热材料的隔热性能可采用氧乙炔隔热实验进行表征。

新型红外非线性硒镓钡多晶的合成与提纯研究

硒镓钡晶体(BaGa_(4)Se_(7),BGSe)是目前广受关注的一种新型红外非线性晶体。本文分别采用双温区法和高压辅助法合成硒镓钡多晶原料,并设计大温度梯度快速提纯方法对合成后的多晶料进行提纯。通过粉末X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对提纯前后的BGSe多晶的物相组成和杂质浓度进行了表征。X射线衍射谱与理论模拟图谱结果一致,无杂峰;ICP-MS等测试结果表明,提纯后晶锭中的Fe、Al等金属杂质以及O杂质含量均得到明显降低。本工作可为高品质单晶生长提供原料基础。

南半球气候锋的统计特征分析

本文利用 1995 - 97年 NCEP全球 2 .5°× 2 .5°经纬网格点再分析资料对南半球的温度梯度和厚度梯度的分布特征进行了分析 ,给出了南半球副热带洋面上锋面的产生与厚度、温度梯度的关系 ,从而得出南半球气候锋活动规律、发生源地及其基本特征 。

具有液体相变过程的发散冷却数值研究

液体冷却介质具有相变潜热高、储存空间小、输送能耗低的优点,因此在航空航天热防护研究领域越来越受到重视。采用两相混合模型(Two-phase Mixture Model,TPMM),对一维稳态具有液体相变过程发散冷却问题进行了数值研究。研究发现:最大温度梯度出现在气相区以及液相区向两相区过渡处,多孔骨架的孔隙率和特征尺寸影响相变过程和冷却效果。最后,着重讨论了TPMM中第二个假设对于研究具有液体相变过程发散冷却问题的适用性。

Experimental study on thermal environment in large-space building with low sidewall air supply

The thermal environmental characteristics are experim-entally studied in terms of different air supply volumes and outdoor meteorological parameters in a large-space building which is air conditioned with a low sidewall air supply.The experimental results show that the indoor vertical temperature distributions under different condition are similar.The maximum vertical temperature difference（MVTD）is up to about 20 ℃,and it linearly changes with the sol-air temperature.The indoor vertical temperature gradients（VTGs）in the upper,central and lower zones are different.The influence of the sol-air temperature on the VTGs in the upper and the lower zones is greater than that in the central zone.The characteristics of the VTGs in the three zones affected by the air supply volume are the same as those affected by the sol-air temperature.Besides,because of the small air velocity,the predicted mean vote（PMV）on comfort in the occupied zone is slightly high and the air temperature difference between the head and the ankle is usually more than 3 ℃.

The study of temperature effects on steel box girder for Taizhou Bridge

Using the temperature gradient which was proposed by continuously measuring flat steel box girder of Runyang Bridge, temperature effects of flat steel box girder were studied for Taizhou Bridge. With three temperature gradient models （JTG D60--2004 specification, BS5400 specification and the temperature gradient which was proposed in this paper）, the stress of control sections was calculated by finite element program ANSYS. The calculated result indicated that the temperature gradient that was put forward in JTG D60-2004 specification and BS5400 specification for calculating the stress of fiat steel box girder was not suitable to apply to fiat steel box girder. The temperature gradient on flat steel box girder which was proposed in this paper was reasonable.

Triaxial compression strength for artificial frozen clay with thermal gradient

A series of triaxial compression tests for frozen clay were performed by KoDCGF （freezing with non-uniform temperature under loading after K0 consolidation） method and GFC （freezing with non-uniform temperature without experiencing Ko consolidation） method at various confining pressures and thermal gradients. The experimental results indicate that the triaxial compression strength for frozen clay in KoDCGF test increases with the increase of confining pressure, but it decreases as the confining pressure increases further in GFC test. In other words, the compression strength for frozen clay with identical confining pressure decreases with the increase in thermal gradient both in KoDCGF test and GFC test. The strength of frozen clay in KoDCGF test is dependent of pore ice strength, soil particle strength and interaction between soil skeleton and pore ice. The decrease of water content and distance between soil particles leads to the decrease of pore size and the increase of contact area between particles in KoDCGF test, which further results in a higher compression strength than that in GFC test. The compression strength for frozen clay with thermal gradient can be descried by strength for frozen clay with a uniform temperature identical to the temperature at the height of specimen where the maximum tensile stress appears.

Data-driven methods for predicting the representative temperature of bridge cable based on limited measured data

Cable-stayed bridges have been widely used in high-speed railway infrastructure.The accurate determination of cable’s representative temperatures is vital during the intricate processes of design,construction,and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges.However,the representative temperatures of stayed cables are not specified in the existing design codes.To address this issue,this study investigates the distribution of the cable temperature and determinates its representative temperature.First,an experimental investigation,spanning over a period of one year,was carried out near the bridge site to obtain the temperature data.According to the statistical analysis of the measured data,it reveals that the temperature distribution is generally uniform along the cable cross-section without significant temperature gradient.Then,based on the limited data,the Monte Carlo,the gradient boosted regression trees(GBRT),and univariate linear regression(ULR)methods are employed to predict the cable’s representative temperature throughout the service life.These methods effectively overcome the limitations of insufficient monitoring data and accurately predict the representative temperature of the cables.However,each method has its own advantages and limitations in terms of applicability and accuracy.A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of these methods is conducted,and practical recommendations are provided for their application.The proposed methods and representative temperatures provide a good basis for the operation and maintenance of in-service long-span cable-stayed bridges.

Temperature gradient and its effect on flat steel box girder of long-span suspension bridge

The temperature field variation law and distribution characteristics of an orthotropic flat steel box girder under sunny conditions were analyzed through a field temperature test on the steel box girder of the operational Runyang Yangtze River Bridge(the suspension bridge part).Function optimization fitting and error analysis of the test data were conducted.A temperature gradient distribution curve applicable to a hexagonal flat steel box girder was proposed.Based on the measurement results,the temperature effect of an orthotropic flat steel box girder was analyzed using finite element method and the effects of different temperature gradient modes on the mechanical characteristics and stress distribution of the steel box girder were compared.Under sunny conditions,heat conduction in the flat steel box girder structure shows distinct "box-room effect" characteristics,and the actual temperature gradient distribution is inconsistent with the one suggested by the existing standards.The thermal stress of a steel box girder calculated from the measured temperature gradient mode exceeds that calculated from the standard,and the intensity approximates that under the action of designed vehicle loads.The temperature-induced stress is distributed centrally near the manufacturing welds of the orthotropic steel box girder,which should be considered in design,construction and research.Results from this study could supplement the existing bridge and culvert design standards.