Divorced parents are challenged by the task of creating new role identities as co-parents while no longer living together and being married. The process of families＇ reorganization, following divorce, can be studied ...Divorced parents are challenged by the task of creating new role identities as co-parents while no longer living together and being married. The process of families＇ reorganization, following divorce, can be studied in terms of emotional adjustment, co-parenting and family alliance. The aims of this work are to analyze the process（es） of reorganization, in a sample of Italian divorced families （n =104）, with regards to the constructs of adjustment to divorce, co-parenting and family alliance and to explore their relationships. Multi-method procedure involves both self-report measure for the evaluation of representations＇ level and observational measure for the evaluation of interactive models. Preliminary results indicate functional and dysfunctional pathways between the families and show the association between representation level and interactive practices. Results are discussed.展开更多
Unbalanced parental contribution and small effective population size （Ne） are common issues during the artificial breeding of marine bivalves. The impact of hatchery-spawning practices on parental contribution, effe...Unbalanced parental contribution and small effective population size （Ne） are common issues during the artificial breeding of marine bivalves. The impact of hatchery-spawning practices on parental contribution, effective population size, the Ne/Nratio, and genetic diversity are largely unknown. To address this, we conducted a parentage analysis on a complete 3×3 diallel cross of clam Meretrix meretrix using eight microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity of the parents was higher than that of their respective offspring in most crosses （8/9）. Sires or dams from the same family contributed unequally to the pool of offspring from a particular cross, and the same parent clam exhibited large variation in parental contribution among different crosses. The variance in male contribution was higher than that of the female contribution in most crosses, suggesting that male contribution was more skewed than for females. The No/N ratio for nine crosses ranged from 0.58 to 0.86. There was no linear relationship between the sex ratio and the Ne/Nratio （P〉0.05）. Moreover, a sex ratio closer to one-to-one does not necessarily mean a larger effective population size. A solution to small effective population size in commercial breeding programs is increasing broodstoek numbers and attempting to maintain a balanced sex ratio.展开更多
The large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea is one of the most important fish species in China. To estimate the re- productive success of breeders, three independent full-factorial crosses were created and the fins o...The large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea is one of the most important fish species in China. To estimate the re- productive success of breeders, three independent full-factorial crosses were created and the fins of breeders and progenies were sampled for microsatellite analysis. Out of 959 offspring from three sets, 99.6% were assigned to their parents using 6-7 mi- crosatellite markers. In all crosses, some parent pairs produced a large number of offspring and some parent pairs did not produce any offspring. The contributions of male or female parents were unequal, ranging from 1.0-89.3% across the three sets. The loss of putative Ne was 69.6% in set 1, 31.2% in set 2 and 57.6% in set 3. These results suggest that the unequal contribution of parents is universal in artificial breeding ofL. crocea, especially in a small population, and this should be taken into account in hatcheries or when releasing animals for resource enhancement展开更多
文摘Divorced parents are challenged by the task of creating new role identities as co-parents while no longer living together and being married. The process of families＇ reorganization, following divorce, can be studied in terms of emotional adjustment, co-parenting and family alliance. The aims of this work are to analyze the process（es） of reorganization, in a sample of Italian divorced families （n =104）, with regards to the constructs of adjustment to divorce, co-parenting and family alliance and to explore their relationships. Multi-method procedure involves both self-report measure for the evaluation of representations＇ level and observational measure for the evaluation of interactive models. Preliminary results indicate functional and dysfunctional pathways between the families and show the association between representation level and interactive practices. Results are discussed.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA10A410)the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BE2011372)
文摘Unbalanced parental contribution and small effective population size （Ne） are common issues during the artificial breeding of marine bivalves. The impact of hatchery-spawning practices on parental contribution, effective population size, the Ne/Nratio, and genetic diversity are largely unknown. To address this, we conducted a parentage analysis on a complete 3×3 diallel cross of clam Meretrix meretrix using eight microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity of the parents was higher than that of their respective offspring in most crosses （8/9）. Sires or dams from the same family contributed unequally to the pool of offspring from a particular cross, and the same parent clam exhibited large variation in parental contribution among different crosses. The variance in male contribution was higher than that of the female contribution in most crosses, suggesting that male contribution was more skewed than for females. The No/N ratio for nine crosses ranged from 0.58 to 0.86. There was no linear relationship between the sex ratio and the Ne/Nratio （P〉0.05）. Moreover, a sex ratio closer to one-to-one does not necessarily mean a larger effective population size. A solution to small effective population size in commercial breeding programs is increasing broodstoek numbers and attempting to maintain a balanced sex ratio.
基金Aeknowleflgements Thanks to Chen Qing-kai for rearing fish families. This study was supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest （200903029-4）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30771663）, Key Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science ＆ Technology （2010N0021）, the Foundation for Innovation Research Team of Jimei University, China（2010A002） and the Open Foundation from Ocean Fishery Science and Technology in the Most Important Subjects of Zhejiang （20100203）.
文摘The large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea is one of the most important fish species in China. To estimate the re- productive success of breeders, three independent full-factorial crosses were created and the fins of breeders and progenies were sampled for microsatellite analysis. Out of 959 offspring from three sets, 99.6% were assigned to their parents using 6-7 mi- crosatellite markers. In all crosses, some parent pairs produced a large number of offspring and some parent pairs did not produce any offspring. The contributions of male or female parents were unequal, ranging from 1.0-89.3% across the three sets. The loss of putative Ne was 69.6% in set 1, 31.2% in set 2 and 57.6% in set 3. These results suggest that the unequal contribution of parents is universal in artificial breeding ofL. crocea, especially in a small population, and this should be taken into account in hatcheries or when releasing animals for resource enhancement
