湖南师大生物专业教学改革的试点方案

湖南师大生物专业教学改革的试点方案李敏一、学科发展前景无论是现实情况和理论预测都表明生命科学可能成为２１世纪的代表学科和先导学科。因为它是最古老的学科又是新兴的学科；因为它是民族与民族、国家与国家、全人类与大自然联系最为密切的学科；因为它是几乎可以和...

英国两大生物技术公司合并案例分析

英国两大生物技术公司合并最直接的动因不是出于降低成本的考虑,而是从生物技术产业固有的高风险性出发,通过强强联合,追求规模经济的升级,来保障企业在产品开发领域的抗风险能力。分析欧洲生物技术产业的发展历程以及今天所面临的重新整合的命运,对我国涉足这一领域的上市公司和投资人具有重要的借鉴意义。

大生物类专业解剖生理学课程教学改革探讨

依据教学目的和教学实践,从优化教学内容、改进教学手段、改革教学方法、加强实验教学环节、改革考试方式等方面对《解剖生理学》的教学改革进行了探讨。

北大生物城奠基中关村

一项旨在推动我国生物工程发展、加快北京中关村科技园区建设的重点建设工程北大生物城,10月16日上午举行奠基典礼。 有关专家认为,生物工程是继信息工程之后科技产业的又一次革命性飞跃,北大生物城的建设对确保我国在这一领域与发达国家站在同一起跑线上,并在某些方面取得领先地位,增强综合国力意义重大。 据北大生物城的首倡之一、北京大学副校长。

高中生物教学应注重树立大生物观

生物学是和我们生活最为密切相关的自然科学之一。高中生物课学习如果只是为了高考备战而展开,那就失去了开设本门课程的意义。高中生物教师应培养学生树立一种＂大生物观＂,使学生了解生物学对未来生活的影响和学习生物学意义。

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在创伤修复中的应用

1996以来,我院应用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子气霉剂(珠海东大生物工程公司产品)治疗多种创伤创面(主要为烧伤创面),疗效满意,现报告如下:1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 本组共136例(男74例,女62例)。年龄最小者0.5y,最大者67y。Ⅱ度烧伤67例,Ⅱ度烧伤兼有Ⅲ度烧伤者51例,其它伤面18例。本组中化学性烧伤18例,电烧伤5例,热力烧伤95例,褥疮2例,供皮区17例。1.2 治疗方法 将每支碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)干粉(36000 U)溶于10ml溶媒中,喷用于1500cm^2创面。

Inhibition of human cytochrome CYP1B1 by anthraquinone compounds,chrysophanol and physcion

The in vitro inhibitory effects of chrysophanol and physcion on CYP1B1 were explored,utilizing ethoxyresorufin as the substrate.The inhibition kinetics of CYP1B1 by these compounds were assessed with escalating doses of ethoxyresorufin.Both chrysophanol(IC_(50)(0.47±0.01)μmol·L^(-1))and physcion(IC_(50)(0.35±0.02)μmol·L^(-1))significantly reduce the catalytic efficiency of CYP1B1.The V_(max)and K_(m)values are determined to be(51.9912±10.0547)pmol·μg^(-1)(protein)·min^(-1) and(0.9663±0.2987)nmol·L^(-1)for chrysophanol,and(45.4227±1.9978)pmol·μg^(-1)(protein)·min^(-1) and(0.4367±0.0386)nmol·L^(-1)for physcion,respectively.Kinetic analysis reveals that chrysophanol and physcion exert mixed inhibitory effects on CYP1B1.This mixed inhibition is primarily characterized by the compounds’ability to competitively bind to the active sites of CYP1B1,as well as potentially through non-competitive mechanisms,thereby reducing the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency.Molecular docking studies are conducted to elucidate the interaction between anthraquinone derivatives and CYP1B1,indicating that these compounds may inhibit CYP1B1 activity by binding to their active sites.The demonstrated capacity of chrysophanol and physcion to inhibit CYP1B1 enzymatic function unveils a potential anticancer mechanism,advancing our comprehension of how the structure of anthraquinone derivatives correlates with CYP1B1 inhibition and paving the way for developing innovative cancer treatments.

Exploration for a Natural Selenium Supplement——Characterization and Bioactivities of Se-containing Polysaccharide from Garlic

A Se—containing polysaccharide(Se-GPS),with average molecular weight of 1.5×10~4 was isolated from Hubei Enshi garlic(Allium sativum L.)and purified by means of Sephadex G25 to G200 chromatographies.Its chemical homogeneity and composition were studied by optical rotation,HPLC and paper chromatographical methods.The abilities of scavenging active oxygen free radicals and inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte membrane by SiO_2 were established by spin trapping ESR studies.Se-GPS was shown to inhibit human cytomegalovirus by plague reduction assays and cytopathogenic effect tests.

Primary study on Nosema bombycis Infecting the Insect of Drosophila

[ Objective ] The aim of this study was to investigate the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to drosophila, which offered a new vision for systematical studies on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis, and also provided reference for the bio-control effect of Nosema bombycis. [ Method ] Nosema bombycis was used to feed wild type and mutant drosophila, and the morphological observation of Nosema bombycis in drosophila body fluid was also analyzed by calcofluor white M2R fluorescent staining. [ Result] Nosema bombycis could infect drosophila, and the number of Nosema bombycis in the infected mutant drosophila was higher than that in wild type drosophila. [ Conclusion ] Nosema bombycis can infect drosophila, which provides primary reference for studies on the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to other hosts and also lays a foundation for further study on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis.

Isolation and Biological Characteristics of Bacteriophage of an Antibiotic-resistant Escherchia coli Strain

In this study, bacteriophage of an antibiotic-resistant Escherchia coil strain isolated from feces of chicken was isolated. Its host range was determined by the method of spotting sample on monolayer agar, and its lysis titer, optimal multiplicity of infection （MOI）, temperature tolerance and pH tolerance were determined by the double-layer agar plate method. The results showed that the bacteriophage had a broad host range. The biological assay demonstrated that two strains of E. coil were fully lysed and one strain of E. coil was weakly lysed by the bacteriophage. The lysis titer and MOI of the bacteriophage were 1.20×10^8 PFU/ml and 1, respec- tively. Under the optimum temperature of 40℃, the Jysis titer of the bacteriophage reached 8.90×10^9 PFU/ml; however, the bacteriophage lost its infectivity at the tem- perature of 80℃. In the pH range of 5-11, the lysis titer of the bacteriophage ranged from10^6 to 10^9 PFU/mI. Under the condition of pH 4 and 12, the bacterio- phage was invalid.

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Lfcin Gene of Datong Yak

[Objective] This study was to clone Lfcin gene from Datong yak, so as to provide reference for applying this gene in feed industry and breeding industry. [Method] Using PCR technology, the lactoferricin(Lfcin)-encoding gene was obtained from genome of Datong yak; then it was cloned into pGEM-T easy vector, and then sequenced; the sequencing results were subsequently aligned with the sequences of dairy cow accessed in GenBank. Moreover, amino acid sequences of Lfcin gene from various species including yak, dairy cow, human and mouse were used for sequence alignment and phylogenesis analysis. [Result] The second exon of lactoferrin(LF) from Datong yak, which is 778 bp in length, was obtained, within which the coding region of Lfcin gene is 75 bp (25 amino acid residues); sequence analysis showed that there is discrepancy of eleven bases between Datong yak and dairy cow; Lfcin proteins from various species shared high homeology, of which that from Datong yak and dairy cow were completely identical; phylogenesis analysis showed that cladogram based on Lfcin was consistent with species evolutionary law. [Conclusion] This study laid a foundation for the prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression of Lfcin gene and further understanding the activity of Lfcin protein.

Dynamic Study of Microbial Population and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil of Allium sativum L.

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the changes in microbial population and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of two cultivars of Allium sativum L.at different growth stages.[Method]By using white garlic and purple garlic as the experimental materials,the microbial population,and the activities of urease,acid phosphatase and catalase in their rhizosphere soil at different growth stages were measured.[Result]The root exudates of the two garlic cultivars could promote the growth of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,and indirectly increase the urease,acid phosphatase and catalase activities in the rhizosphere soil,thereby improving the turnover and circulation of the soil nutrition elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus,and providing a better micro-ecological environment for the later crop.[Conclusion]The study had provided theoretical basis for the ecological research on garlic used as a preceding crop.

Porcine Breeding Management in a Large-scale Piggery with Microbial Fermentation Bed

[Objective] The behavior of eating, drinking, defecating and peeing of 1 500 pigs in a large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery was observed. We hoped to find some simple indicators that could reflect the health status of swinery and to provide experience for the swinery performance management in large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery. [Method] The body weight （BW）, daily BW gain, feed intake and other indicators of different-day-old pigs were recorded in details. Based on the recorded data, the models between BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio and growth days （d） were established. In addition, the incidences of pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （malnutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma） among fattening pigs were also investigated. [Result] The BW range, average BW, daily BW gain, breeding days, daily feed intake range, average daily feed intake, staged feed intake, accumulated feed intake, feed/gain ratio and accumulated feed/gain ratio of different-day-old pigs were studied, respectively. Four dynamic models were established for the growth of pigs： （1） the BW （y）-age （x） mod- el： y=0.758 9x-19.883 （3=0.993 7）; （2） the BW gain （y）-age （x） model： y=1.039 5x05051 （F=0.885 4）; （3） the average daily feed intake （y）-age （x） model： y=0.023 5x-0.334 3 （F=0.991 7）; （4） the feed/gain ratio （y）-age （x） model： y=0.022x＋0.427 8 （P=0.988 5）. Based on these models, the corresponding theoretical growth value of pigs at different growth stage could be predicted. The main diseases occurred among the swinery in the large-scale microbial fermentation bed piggery included pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （mal- nutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma）. The deadly infec- tious diseases had been not found among the pigs. [Conclusion] When the actual BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio were all lower than the theoretical values predicted by the models, the management should be enhanced. The average daily feed intake of 60 to 65-day-old pigs was lower than the theoretic value, indicating that the pigs could not adapt nicely to the fermentation bed at the very early stage. When the pigs grew up to 70 to 75 d old, the average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, indicating that the pigs had adapted to the fermentation bed. In particularly, average daily feed intake of 75-day-old pigs was higher than the theoretical value by 21%. It was suggested the fermentation bed was conducive to the growth of pigs. Considering the occurrence of diseases among pigs, the overall incidence was relatively low. The incidence of each disease was all lower than 10% with little difficulty in treating. If the management of mattress was strength- ened, such as paying attention to feeding and keeping water clean, many diseases could heal by themselves.

The Effects of Increasing Production of Endophytes Phomopsis B3 on Rice

After insufflating extended endophytes phomopsis B3 ferment diluent on seedling bed of rice, the effect of microbial inoculum on rice growth was studied. The investigation result of seedlings before transplanting seedling showed that leaf age,the number of green leaves,the number of tiller of individual plant and the weight of per 100 fresh plants in microbial inoculum treatment group increased 0.11,0.12 ,0. 03 and 2.6 g respectively compared with those of control group. 20 days after transplanting, increased tiller number in microbial inoculum treatment group was 55 500 hm^2 more than that in control group. 30 days after transplanting, tiller number in microbial inoculum treatment group was 42 000 hm^2 more than that in control group. In harvest season, the yield ,weight of I 0130 grain and seed-setting rate increased 300 kg/hm2, 0. 7 g and 0. 23% respectively compared with these in control group. The result of preliminary study demonstrated that microbial inoculum confected by endophytes phomopsis B3 could increase the number of strong seedling and yield.

Structure Design of Large-scale Fattening Pig House with Fermentation Bed

The fattening pig house with fermentation bed had an area of 2 100 m2, and the area of fermentation bed was 1 900 m2 with a utilization rate of 91.4%, which was 45% higher than that of conventional pig house with surrounding barrier. There was feeding trough around the house. The water troughs were set in the middle of the fermentation bed and of the feeding trough on the short sides of the house, separating feed and water. There were electric aluminum alloy shutters in both long sides of the house for ventilation, cooling and heat preservation. On both short sides, there were fans and wet curtains. The spray cooling devices were in- stalled outside the roof for cooling. The environmental control in the piggery, includ- ing light, temperature, water, humidity, carbon dioxide and ammonia, was realized to run by computer automatically. The coconut chaff and chaff configuration were used as mattress material, realizing the advantages of fermentation bed, such as no smell, zero emission, high-quality meat, saving labor, controlling disease, no drug residue, producing fertilizer, intelligent control, mechanized operation, etc.

Review on Effects of Application of Exogenous Growth Regulating Substance on Fruits Weight of Peach

The effects of exogenous growth regulating substance on the fruit weight of peach were reviewed. Paclobutrazol could increase the single fruit weight in dif- ferent degree, and cytokinins could also increase the single fruit weight. GA3 and B9 had no effect on fruit size or on reducing single fruit weight. Chlorflurenol-methy, ABT and salicylic acid had no effect on fruit size. Suggestions on the future re- search were put forward.

生命线之争

葛兰素史克公司(简称GSK)是由葛兰素和史克必成在2000年底合并后成立的超级跨国公司,是英国最大的企业,同时也是全球第二大生物制药企业,占全球医药市场7％的份额,其中占有全球抗传染药市场的17％,呼吸类产品的18％和疫苗的26％。这些产品对治疗艾滋病、肺炎等疾病至关重要。 葛兰素史克在中国的投资是英国所有企业中规模最大和时间最早的。GSK在中国的投资总额已超过2.6亿英镑(约合36.4亿元人民币),而GSK在华合资。

肠道用药 肠道卫士——乳酸菌素片

在生物界中有“大生物”和“微生物”两大类,它们都是在共同进化过程中逐渐形成的。人属于大生物体。在人体的皮肤、口腔、阴道及肠道中,存留、生长和繁殖着大量的微生物。由于空气、饮食以及与外界环境的接触,人出生以后几小时即有不少细菌进入体内。

管理大观园

有关专家提出,我国农业处于历史性大转变的关健时刻,推出以下三个战略调整是农业争取新发展的契机。 一、由动物,植物资源组成的“二维结构”传统农业向动物、植物、微生物资源组成的“三维结构”的新农业调整。地球生物由三大生物资源组成:动物、植物、微生物。因此,“三维结构新农业”亦可谓之“整体农业”。

Ecological Geochemistry of Selenium in the Production Base of Zhangqiu Green Chinese Onion

Based on the achievement of local ecological geochemical survey,the selenium in surface layer soil of Zhangqiu green Chinese onion within production area is systematically studied in this study.And the ecological geochemical characters of selenium both in surface layer soil and in green Chinese onions are analyzed,and the relationship between the selenium in plant and soil is discussed.The results show that soil in Zhangqiu is rich in selenium,and it is suitable to develop the selenium-rich green Chinese onion products.