Mass customization (MC) is emerging as a competitive advantage of firms with the intensified competition and economic globalization.As a key feature of MC,postponement strategy postpones activities in the supply chain...Mass customization (MC) is emerging as a competitive advantage of firms with the intensified competition and economic globalization.As a key feature of MC,postponement strategy postpones activities in the supply chain until customer orders are received.This article provides a review of the literature on postponement from perspectives of research content and methodology.Taking postponement as a supply chain concept,this article specifically reclassifies the postponement applications according to the positioning of the customer order decoupling point (CODP) in the supply chain.Future directions for postponement research are also suggested in this article.展开更多
This report details an assessment of an integrated low-technology phytodisinfectant-sand filter drum for household water and waste water treatment for sub-Saharan Africa, using bacterial culture tests, total solids, a...This report details an assessment of an integrated low-technology phytodisinfectant-sand filter drum for household water and waste water treatment for sub-Saharan Africa, using bacterial culture tests, total solids, and turbidity amongst others is presented. A hundred litres of very dirty/turbid water （130.3 NTU） was pretreated with 100 seeds of Moringa olieferaand further filtered through a sand filter drum （120 litres carrying capacity） made of fine, coarse sand, charcoal and gravel. The mean total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts, E coli, coliform, pseudomonas, and yeast counts, as well as turbidity of untreated water drastically reduced to wealth health organization acceptable standards for potable water. The results indicated that the mean values of the same parameters for sand filtered pond water alone was significantly lower than the corresponding mean values obtained for Moringa treated pond water. The findings from this study suggest strongly that an integral of two natural water purification technologies （phytodisinfectant-sand filter drum） could be applied for the treatment of all types of contaminated water rendering it free from pathogens for potable and non potable uses.展开更多
The large-scale computations are often performed in science and engineering areas such as numerical weather forecasting, astrophysics, energy resources exploration, nuclear weapon design, and plasma fusion research et...The large-scale computations are often performed in science and engineering areas such as numerical weather forecasting, astrophysics, energy resources exploration, nuclear weapon design, and plasma fusion research etc. Many applications in these areas need super computing power. The traditional mode of sequential processing cannot meet the demands of those computations, thus, parallel processing（PP） is the main way of high performance computing （HPC） now.展开更多
Food technology has been instrumental in ensuring that troops remain ＂fit to fight＂. Early food technologies produced flat bread, hard biscuits, cheese and salted meat, allowing Roman legionaries to carry rations fo...Food technology has been instrumental in ensuring that troops remain ＂fit to fight＂. Early food technologies produced flat bread, hard biscuits, cheese and salted meat, allowing Roman legionaries to carry rations for several days. Canning was invented in the late 18th century in response to the French Government＇s offer of a substantial reward to the person whose invention would allow troops to carry their food when marching long distances. World War II saw further advances in the form of stable and palatable canned meals, compressed cereal bars, candy-coated peanuts and other innovative foods in US combat rations. Two significant technology breakthroughs in the second half of the 20th century have altered the form of military rations. Freeze drying matured as an industrial technology, allowing the production of long-life, light-weight rations. Flexible packaging, based on plastic laminates, led to reduced weight and less waste disposal through the development of retort pouched meals （meals in flexible packaging that have undergone heat sterilization）, which have largely replaced metal cans in combat rations. Improvements in quality of military rations, particularly their organoleptic properties, are emerging through application of innovative technologies such as high-pressure thermal processing, pulsed electric field, and microwave assisted thermal sterilization. Research and development of ＂functional foods＂, such as those containing added essential fatty acids or probiotics offers the potential to provide combat rations that can further improve soldier health and performance.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaMinistry of Science&Technology of China and Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation for Graduate Students of Huazhong University of Science and Technology for the financial support through grant 79970026,a National 863/CIMS Scheme grant 2001AA414110 and grant YCJ-02-005 respectively.
文摘Mass customization (MC) is emerging as a competitive advantage of firms with the intensified competition and economic globalization.As a key feature of MC,postponement strategy postpones activities in the supply chain until customer orders are received.This article provides a review of the literature on postponement from perspectives of research content and methodology.Taking postponement as a supply chain concept,this article specifically reclassifies the postponement applications according to the positioning of the customer order decoupling point (CODP) in the supply chain.Future directions for postponement research are also suggested in this article.
文摘This report details an assessment of an integrated low-technology phytodisinfectant-sand filter drum for household water and waste water treatment for sub-Saharan Africa, using bacterial culture tests, total solids, and turbidity amongst others is presented. A hundred litres of very dirty/turbid water （130.3 NTU） was pretreated with 100 seeds of Moringa olieferaand further filtered through a sand filter drum （120 litres carrying capacity） made of fine, coarse sand, charcoal and gravel. The mean total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts, E coli, coliform, pseudomonas, and yeast counts, as well as turbidity of untreated water drastically reduced to wealth health organization acceptable standards for potable water. The results indicated that the mean values of the same parameters for sand filtered pond water alone was significantly lower than the corresponding mean values obtained for Moringa treated pond water. The findings from this study suggest strongly that an integral of two natural water purification technologies （phytodisinfectant-sand filter drum） could be applied for the treatment of all types of contaminated water rendering it free from pathogens for potable and non potable uses.
文摘The large-scale computations are often performed in science and engineering areas such as numerical weather forecasting, astrophysics, energy resources exploration, nuclear weapon design, and plasma fusion research etc. Many applications in these areas need super computing power. The traditional mode of sequential processing cannot meet the demands of those computations, thus, parallel processing（PP） is the main way of high performance computing （HPC） now.
文摘Food technology has been instrumental in ensuring that troops remain ＂fit to fight＂. Early food technologies produced flat bread, hard biscuits, cheese and salted meat, allowing Roman legionaries to carry rations for several days. Canning was invented in the late 18th century in response to the French Government＇s offer of a substantial reward to the person whose invention would allow troops to carry their food when marching long distances. World War II saw further advances in the form of stable and palatable canned meals, compressed cereal bars, candy-coated peanuts and other innovative foods in US combat rations. Two significant technology breakthroughs in the second half of the 20th century have altered the form of military rations. Freeze drying matured as an industrial technology, allowing the production of long-life, light-weight rations. Flexible packaging, based on plastic laminates, led to reduced weight and less waste disposal through the development of retort pouched meals （meals in flexible packaging that have undergone heat sterilization）, which have largely replaced metal cans in combat rations. Improvements in quality of military rations, particularly their organoleptic properties, are emerging through application of innovative technologies such as high-pressure thermal processing, pulsed electric field, and microwave assisted thermal sterilization. Research and development of ＂functional foods＂, such as those containing added essential fatty acids or probiotics offers the potential to provide combat rations that can further improve soldier health and performance.
