大米草玉米的耐盐效果及对盐渍化土壤的改良试验

土壤盐渍化已成为限制农作物生长、发育和产量的最主要非生物胁迫因素之一。培育耐盐碱作物是解决这一问题的有效途径。通过田间试验,研究了大米草玉米耐盐碱能力和改良盐渍化土壤的效果。结果表明,筛选出的适应盐渍土种植的优良大米草玉米自交系具有很强的生长势和耐盐碱性,耐盐能力为11.76g/kg。根据作物生长势好,生长势强和生长势特强3种长势试验地块的测试结果,3种地块土壤脱盐率依次为15.7%,22.9%和34.5%,表明通过培育优选出的大米草玉米不仅具有较强的耐盐碱性能力,而且还对改良盐渍化土壤具有一定的效果。

泰国有关粮食生产、贸易、加工、综合利用和消费情况

叙述了泰国的人文、经济和运输数据。归纳了农业概况,着重介绍了主要谷物大米和玉米的情况;农业政策中的对大米、玉米和大豆的支持政策:上市支持、抵押方案和推广玉米杂交种子;对外贸易中的小麦和玉米的进口政策,小麦粉等的出口偿还额;基本产品增加生产率和增值;水产养殖的20年发展计划。介绍了制粉工业概况和两大制粉公司的促销措施,以及以家禽、鱼、虾饲料为主的饲料工业,和据此纵向集成生产、加工而发展起来的为全世界瞩目的CP集团。

Structure, Physico-chemical and Microbiological Properties of Ozone-oxidized Wheat, Corn, Potato and Rice Starches

A limited number of studies have been conducted on the effects of ozone use on cereal and its components. Starch, an important natural macromolecule, is an essential component of cereals. In present study, the effects of ozone on the structure, physico-chemical and microbiological properties of wheat, corn, potato and rice starches were investigated. Wheat starch, corn starch, potato starch and rice starch water mixtures were prepared in the ratio of 1：9 （dry sample to water ratio） and treated with ozone at a rate of 60 g/h for 1 hour, while unozonated samples were used as controls. Light microscopy represented that the structures of corn and potato starch samples were affected by 1 hr ozonation rather than the structures of wheat and rice starch samples. Colour of ozone-oxidized wheat, corn and potato starch samples could meet the consumer preference due to the higher lightness, higher whiteness and lower chroma value. However, high chroma, high yellownes and low whiteness values of ozonated rice starch is not adequate for consumer desire. Microbiological analysis showed that 1 hr ozonation reduced the total bacteria and mould/yeast counts significantly for all wheat, corn, potato and rice starch samples （P 〈 0.05） due to most probably the reduced pH of samples. Ozonation can be an alternative modification technique, but further research is needed to understand the certain benefits and limitations of ozone applications on starch oxidation for human safety and health.

降血脂粥疗方

菊花决明粥 取白菊花、草决明各10克,大米100克,冰糖少许。将草决明炒香,与白菊花同煎取汁,放入大米煮成稀粥,待熟后调入冰糖,再稍煮一下即可。每日服食1次。 玉米大米粥 取玉米粉50克,大米100克。先将大米淘洗净,加水适量,文火熬至九成熟时,将玉米粉倒入,边倒边搅,煮至粥熟,每日早、晚餐时食之。

Crop Diversity for Ecological Disease Control in Potato and Maize

本文针对中国西南山区作物病害发病高峰与降雨高峰重叠难以防治的难点,进行了生态调控马铃薯与玉米种植结构避雨避病的试验。试验结果表明,时间上提前和推后马铃薯种植避开了降雨高峰,平均降低晚疫病病情指数44.3%。空间上行距拉宽株距缩小,通风透光减轻病害,套种玉米的大斑病平均降低病情指数为14.8%,小斑病平均降低22.5%。本试验的另一重要结果表明,通过调整马铃薯种植结构可以大幅度提高耕地产出率,马铃薯与玉米套种,提前和推后种植马铃薯分别提高土地利用率1.738-1.766。本文研究结果对作物病害的生态防治和增加粮食产量有重要现实意义。通过时空优化作物与环境的配置,合理利用农业生态结构,适应最佳生态环境,实现优质高产高效。