丁香酚和大蒜化合物对肉鸡坏死性肠炎的作用效果

坏死性肠炎(Necrotic enteritis,NE)是当前家禽的一种主要疾病,能引起全球性的巨大经济损失。近年来,NE的发病率提高,并且其发病的严重程度也有所增加(1999年起欧盟国家实行禁止在饲料中添加使用抗生素类生长促进剂以来,大量欧盟国家肉鸡场NE的发生率几近于流行程度)。迫于当前世界性的“减抗”大形势,畜牧养殖业目前也正在积极寻求新的“替抗”解决方案。“替抗”方案不仅需要减轻NE对家禽造成的负面影响,同时又能保持肉鸡良好的生长性能。本文介绍了丁香酚和大蒜化合物对肉鸡坏死性肠炎的作用效果。

大蒜抗氧化活性成分的测定及薄层生物自显影技术分析

目的测定和分析大蒜抗氧化活性成分。方法利用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼法(DPPH·)测定大蒜灭酶体系和蒜酶激活体系抗氧化活性成分,利用大蒜氨基酸展开系统(正丁醇-冰乙酸-水)、大蒜辣素展开系统(甲苯-乙酸乙酯)和大蒜多糖展开系统(冰乙酸-氯仿-水)对大蒜抗氧化活性成分进行分析。结果大蒜灭酶体系中氨基酸、大蒜多糖和蒜酶激活体系中的大蒜含硫化合物的半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)分别为0.058,0.170和0.068mg·mL-1。大蒜灭酶体系中的蒜氨酸和蒜酶激活体系中的大蒜辣素有抗氧化活性,其他抗氧化活性成分有待进一步确定。结论大蒜中氨基酸和含硫化合物有一定的抗氧化活性,具有研究价值。

大蒜有机硫化合物对呼吸系统疾病的防治作用及机制研究进展

吸烟人群的增加、空气污染的加重、呼吸道传染病的爆发等造成了呼吸系统疾病患者的剧增,严重威胁人类生命和财产的安全。药食同源的大蒜以其鳞茎入药,具有抗炎、抗氧化、调血脂、降血压、抗菌等多种药理作用,其主要活性成分为有机硫化合物。近年来许多研究报道了大蒜有机硫化合物对常见呼吸系统疾病的显著防治作用。该文通过检索来自Pubmed,Web of science等近5年的文献,综述了大蒜有机硫化合物针对慢性阻塞性肺病、支气管哮喘、急性肺损伤、肺纤维化、肺癌等呼吸系统疾病的防治作用,其不同疾病的作用机制涉及抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡、减少黏液分泌、抑制细胞外基质合成、抑制肿瘤细胞转移、降低肿瘤干细胞活力等,以期为大蒜有机硫化合物产品的进一步开发与临床应用提供理论依据和实验技术基础。

Allium sativum Flavor Compounds as an Indicator for Garlic Identity and Quality Determination

The objective of the study was to research the aroma profile of volatile compounds in garlic subspecies originating from Latvia, and compare them with the aroma composition of garlic grown in the region of Midi-Pyrenees （France）. It was established that hard-neck garlic tends to contain more diallyl disulfide （DADS）, the main decomposition product of allicin. Compared to the hard-neck subspecies, the content of allyl mercaptan, one of the major compounds producing the strong odor detectable after ingestion of garlic, was significantly lower in the soft-neck garlic clones. The amount of cyclic compound 3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin differed considerably with higher contents in the soft-neck subspecies. The results also demonstrate the soft-neck garlic as a more suitable subspecies for long-term storage. In general, the results show no significant difference in the content of DADS and the total content of other flavor compounds between hard-neck and soft-neck garlic grown in the region of Midi-Pyrenees and Latvia. However, comparing garlic subspecies originating from France and Latvia by the content of allyl mercaptan, 1,2-dithiolane and 3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin, a considerable proportional difference of these volatiles was determined. Also, a significant difference was established in the content of DADS between the white garlic variety ＂Blanc de Lomagne＂ （France, region of Midi-Pyrenees） and white garlic grown in other countries. The results of this study suggest the suitability of solid phase microextraction （SPME） and gas chromatography （GC） methods for quality control of garlic originating from France.