从《先圣大训》看杨简对大、小戴《礼记》的态度

《礼记》分大、小戴,由郑玄所注《小戴礼记》广泛流传,历史上学者们大都奉《小戴礼记》为经典,即是我们通常提到的《礼记》。但杨简却独具一格,在其《先圣大训》中对《小戴礼记》提出了怀疑并进行改造,主要以《大戴礼记》为本来阐释自己的心学下的"礼"学思想。

《汉语大字典》误用《释名》声训考辨(二)

文章对《汉语大字典》引用《释名》声训的30条材料进行了考辨,纠正了《汉语大字典》误用声训的错误。

王念孙《释大》“大”义探微

王念孙的《释大》是第一篇系统地研究同源词的专门论文,对后人研究同源词有诸多的启示,所释词虽然一般不与“大”同源,但大多确有“大”义。根据音义密合原则,运用义素分析法,把王念孙的“大”义加以细分,对王氏列入分组名单的词重新分组,解析了其“大”义,探讨了“大”义产生的原因。

杨简的《大戴礼记》研究

五代以后,雕版印刷术的推广应用,使藏于中秘、靠抄本有限流传的《大戴礼记》得以普及,对它的研究也掀起了一个小小的高潮。朱熹与杨简可谓代表。与朱熹相比,杨简对《大戴礼记》多持肯定态度。他将《大戴礼记》放到儒家思想特别是心性思想的语境中加以关注,提升了《大戴礼记》的思想意义。杨简的《大戴礼记》研究主要体现在其《先圣大训》中。但《先圣大训》最大的特点不在文字校正、训释,而在以圣言张目,以经典注我。尽管如此,《先圣大训》有关《大戴礼记》的研究对后来者仍有影响,如清代孔广森作《大戴礼记补注》、汪中作《大戴礼记正误》即多有征引。

安全岛

忍让带来安全和福气○夏大训最近笔者去山东老家探亲。家乡地处鲁北平原，所以公路特别直。尽管县乡级公路都比较窄，一般的车速也很快，所以司机们在超车、会车时都需十分小心，乘客们也常为此而提心吊胆。我从镇上坐中巴车去县城看朋友，开车的是位４０多岁的司机。此类...

一次充满感恩的圣母山朝圣之旅

为回应教宗特殊慈悲禧年通谕,善度圣母月,三原教区大训堡堂区神长教友组织了一次充满感恩的圣母山朝圣之旅。早晨6点,晨曦照耀圣堂,庄严肃穆的钟声敲响,大训堡堂区主任司铎苏圣意神父带领教友们在圣堂内和圣堂院落的圣母山前念早课、做晨祷,随后神长教友们带着十字圣架、带着对圣母无比崇敬、无限敬爱之情踏上朝圣之旅。朝圣的旅途中虔诚的祷声、

教育——心灵的旅行

去苏北参观一所名校,除了课堂教学外,学校还有各种活动展示。上午学生做课间操,远远看去,做操学生的队伍横成排,竖成行,斜看也成线。一位细心的老师走近学生发现,每个学生脚下的泥地上都有一个桩点,水泥地上则用油漆打点,横竖成线,学生列队时根本不需要左顾右盼,瞻前顾后,只要站在属于自己的点上,就可以站出整齐的队伍了。参观回校后我校正巧为省重点中学晋星验收准备,学生列队、做操也是一项验收内容,结果如法炮制。

探索初中语文课堂教学的优化策略

人们常常赞美教师的职业,"教师是太阳底下最光辉的职业"。如果你赞同的话,我加补一句——语文教师就是这顶桂冠上的明珠。我们语文教师为了上好一节课,查遍资料,深钻教材,一丝不苟地探究教法、学法,再加上小练大训,忙得不亦乐乎,满以为是一分耕耘就有一分收获,可谁知换来的却是豆稀草深。社会各界对中小学语文教学质量颇有微词。造成这样的后果的根源在于语文教学摆脱不了为应试而采取的短视行为,如何才能改变这种现状。

小小拉手

一天，我走进教室的盥洗室上厕所三岁的儿千找不到我，在外面急得大叫。“肖逸”，过来。我在这儿。”

MicroRNAs in heart and circulation during physical exercise

Exercise training is beneficial to the cardiovascular system. MicroRNAs （miRNAs, miRs） are a class of conserved non-coding RNAs and play a wide-ranging role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Exercise training alters the expression levels of large amounts ofmiRNAs in the heart. In addition, circulating miRNAs appear to be regulated by exercise training. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the regulation of miRNAs during physical exercise intervention in various cardiovascular diseases, including pathologic cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The regulatory role of circulating miRNAs after exercise training was also reviewed. In conclusion, miRNAs might be a valuable target for treatment of cardiovascular diseases and have great potential as biomarkers for assessment of physical performance.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Online split-and-merge expec tation-maximization training of Gaussian mixture model and its optimization

This paper presents a new online incremental training algorithm of Gaussian mixture model （GMM）, which aims to perform the expectation-maximization（EM） training incrementally to update GMM model parameters online sample by sample, instead of waiting for a block of data with the sufficient size to start training as in the traditional EM procedure. The proposed method is extended from the split-and-merge EM procedure, so inherently it is also capable escaping from local maxima and reducing the chances of singularities. In the application domain, the algorithm is optimized in the context of speech processing applications. Experiments on the synthetic data show the advantage and efficiency of the new method and the results in a speech processing task also confirm the improvement of system performance.

Tuo Shan Yan Dam and City Ningbo： Exploring the Historical Logic of Urban Water Management through a Big City of China

Tuo Shan Yan Dam is a small darn which was built above Yinjiang River at the Yinjiang Town, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province of China in 833 AD, but it is greatly contributed to Ningbo City, a current big port city of China. The dam and the matched system had become a key hydro-infrastructure to the city＇s existence and development, and irrigation of the countryside nearby the city from ninth century up to 1987, a big dam was built at upper reach to control water of the river. Tuo Shan Yan Dam functioned an important role in the local water management and met a series of purposes perfectly, mainly as： （a） regulation of the river water; （b） save the flood; （c） stop the salinization; （d） urban water supply; （e） storage of flesh water; （f） irrigation; （g） ship transportation. And it is a miracle that it has been functioned for more than one thousand years. This dam also influenced the local social life and people＇s spiritual world simultaneously. The construction of the dam and its matched hydro-system is in line with the Chinese ancient logic of urban water management to manage river to meet a multi-proposes of urban development by a key project and a systemic engineering design. It is an important case for better understanding of ancient Chinese urban water management and to learn from the history for current water sustainability. Accordingly, the dam＇s design, construction and its influence on the local societies are studied in this article.

The Development Theory and Practice of Outward bound on Students＇ quality

Students＇ Outward bound is widely implemented, the universities have been gradually recognized the significant value in students＇ Outward bound training in the application of innovative talents. Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology put Students ＇ Quality Education around the training objectives, so that students develop the quality of credit, and to make it components into personnel training program as a school teaching programs in comprehensive education, the approach is adapted to the innovative training objectives and requirements. In this paper, according to Liaoning Technical University＇ s implementation of the Outward botmd League credits of practice, we discuss the cognitive development of students＇ quality and effect, and describe the important role of the Outward bound in cultivating innovative talents.

Randomized Controlled Trials and Ph.D. Level Training in Educational Research

This invited paper reviews recent initiatives in teaching about randomized field trials at the graduate level in education research. Reports in a book on randomized trials by Mosteller and Boruch are used as a benchmark. The initiatives have been driven heavily by recent governmental emphasis on ＂evidence based policy＂ in education, criminology, welfare and other sectors. This policy has been backed, in the US at least, by substantial investments in mounting randomized controlled trials to evaluate curriculum packages and programs in grades K-12, crime prevention programs, welfare, and other work. Accelerated growth in randomized trials has entailed cross discipline pre-doctoral and post-doctoral institutes and graduate education programs aimed at enhancing the quality in trial design, execution, and analysis of results. Specific illustrations of graduate education in this area of statistics are taken mainly from experience at the University of Pennsylvania＇s Graduate School of Education and selected other institutions.

The Restoration of Kidane Mehret Church in Sen＇afe

The Church of Kidane Mehret stands at 2,450 m above sea level, close to the village of Sen＇afe, on the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Probably built in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, the church gradually became a ruin in the middle of the last century. Following the intervention of the monks of this church, a restoration program was set up in 2006. With the agreement of the National Museum in Asmara and the World Monuments Fund, funding was collected together by the German Embassy, the French Embassy, and the Alliance Fran^aise of Asmara, which made it possible to restore the church, between 2006 and 2008. Teams of workmen and women were created to this end. Only traditional techniques were employed for the masonry of the walls, the wooden roofing the plastering, and the interior paintwork. This project, which conforms to the Charter of Venice, could serve as an example for similar restorations in the region and as a model for professional training. Finally, a trilingual article （English, German, and Tigrinya） was published in the Collection ＂Cultures et Patrimoines d＇ErythrGe＂, 2009.

TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL PALSY WITH APHASIA BY LINGUISTIC TRAINING COMBINED WITH ACUPUNCTURE

Objective： To explore the best remedies for cerebral palsy with aphasia. Methods： A total of 76 cases of cerebral palsy children with aphasia were evenly randomized into control group and treatment group. Patients of treatment group were treated with “consciousness-restoring needling” plus linguistic training and these of control group treated with simple linguistic training method. Acupuncture was given once every other day, and linguistic training conducted once 6 times a week, with 10 times being a therapeutic course and the interval between two weeks being 10 - 15 days. Following 3 courses of treatment, the therapeutic effect was analyzed. Results. After 3 courses of treatment, of the two 38 cases in treatment and control groups, 27 （71.1% ） and 13 （34.2%） had remarkable improvement in their symptoms. The therapeutic effect of treatment group was significantly superior to that of control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. The developmental quotient values of speech of treatment and control groups were 56.36 ± 19.77 and 46.96± 15.63 respectively, displaying that acupuncture could significantly improve cerebral palsy patients＇ speaking ability （P〈0 05）. Conclusion. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy plus linguistic training is significantly superior to that of simple linguistic training .

Effects of Sedentarism and Treadmill Training in Mechanical Properties of Muscles of Ovariectomized Rats with High-Fat Diet

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of physical training in the maintenance of muscle strength in rats with HFD （high-fat diet） after OVX （ovariectomy）. Eighty Wistar rats are at eight weeks of age and weight 200 g which divided into 8 groups （n = 10） and treated for 12 weeks： GA： OVX ＋ ND （normal diet）, GB： OVX ＋ ND ＋ training, GC： sham ＋ ND, GD： sham ＋ ND ＋ training, GE： OVX ＋ HFD, GF： OVX ＋ HFD ＋ training, GG： sham ＋ HFD and GH： sham ＋ HFD ＋ training. HFD consists of standard ration for rats with addition of 30% lipids. In training groups, physical training five training/week was conducted on a treadmill with adaptation period of three weeks up to 18 m/s for one hour, training were performed for 12 weeks. The sedentary animals remained in individual box. To analyze the effects of training and diet, tensile strength tests of the gastrocnemius muscles were conducted： the speed of 0.1 mm/min. Analysis of variance was performed to compare groups. The mean （SD） obtained for the maximum load （N） were： GA 57.77 （6.89）, GB 62.74 （5.07）, GC 49.45 （6.06）, GD 59.42 （5.26） and GE 55.58 （4.72）, GF 62.50 （4.56）, GG 58.35 （4.54） and GH 56.67 （5.87）, respectively. There were no differences for maximum load between surgeries （p = 0.004） and between treatments （p = 0.000）. Differences were found also for the relationship surgery diet treatment （p = 0.007）. For the variable stiffness （N/mm）, there were not statistically significant differences： GA 5.03 （0.72）, GB 5.08 （1.09）, GC 5.17 （0.53）, GD 5.35 （0.80）, GE 5.52 （1.20）, GF 5.36 （1.07）, GG 4.83 （1.03） and GH 5.40 （0.73）. For the toughness （N/mm）, there were differences between treatments （p = 0.010） and the ratio diet treatment （p = 0.024）： GA 455.00 （107.21）, GB 541.96 （126.80）, GC 394.97 （84.67）, GD 566.90 （157.07）; GE 424.63 （113.03）, GF 478.07 （106.03）; GG 517.44 （98.65） and GH 481.26 （129.45）. OVX causes decrease in muscle maximum load; exercise treadmill provides increased muscular endurance, regardless of the diet and the OVX in groups, the increased resistance observed in the groups submitted to HFD can result in weight gain associated with the presence estrogen.

The Building of Evaluation System of Students＇ Research Training

In order to foster an innovative spirit and ability of high-quality talent, much student research training program in domestic universities will incorporate innovative talent training plan. However, the evaluation mechanism existing research training program is still not perfect for college students, this article has been carrying out a more in-depth discussion and proposes research training program evaluation system for university students.

Influence of Institutional Support on Lecturers＇ Preparedness for E-learning at the University of Nairobi, Kenya

Institutional support is an essential antecedent for lecturer＇s preparedness for e-learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of institutional support through appropriate training programs and budgetary allocation on lecturers＇ preparedness for e-learning at the University of Nairobi. A cross-sectional survey design was applied to source data from 212 lecturers and 96 administrative staff. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were applied to process, analyze, and interpret the data. Quantitative analysis yielded descriptive statistics as well as cross tabulations with Chi-square （x^2） statistic. The study found lack of significant relationship between lecturer＇s preparedness for e-learning and knowledge of the existence of an Information and Communication Technology （ICT） training program. The existing training program was still underdeveloped in terms of funding and strategies. Lecturers＇ preparedness for e-learning was also not significantly associated with perceived effectiveness of the existing training program; but was significantly related to training in software tools, as well as the source of funding for training. Although a team of ICT experts has been mandated to help academic staff prepare for e-learning, the team＇s functionality was constrained by under-funding and multiple roles. Lecturer＇s preparedness for e-learning also significantly associated with perceived adequacy of budgetary allocation for ICT program at the departmental level. Under-funding was a key factor constraining access to computers at the workplace, reliable internet connectivity and timely technical support, all of which significantly associated with lecturers＇ preparedness for e-learning. Universities in resource-poor settings should consider creating necessary partnerships to create avenues for information and resource sharing, revamp existing training programs with fmancial and human resources, create linkages with funding institutions, as well as improve budgetary allocation to ensure universal access to functional computers at the workplace, reliable internet connectivity and timely technical support.

Attention Strategy Training Affecting Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition of College Students

This paper analyzes attention theory in the cognitive psychology and introduces second language vocabulary acquisition. The filter theory and attention resource theory in the attention theory points out that attention has a key effect on the learner＇s cognitive vocabulary learning by raising students＇ expectations for new words, by increasing the frequency of exposure to them, by enhancing their perceptual salience, and by increasing the task demand for word study. The fact proves that enhancing attention in input could promote students＇ vocabulary acquisition and help them form efficient vocabulary learning strategy suitable for their levels of proficiency.