守初心 担使命 谱写民族高等教育绚丽篇章——档案里的“民大记忆”

本文概述学校的档案是学校60多年诞生、成长和发展的历史记忆,也是新中国71年西藏各项事业取得伟大成就、民族高等教育和西藏高等教育发展的一个记忆缩影,讲述着民大人谱写中国梦西藏篇章的初心故事和使命担当。

他者与大记忆:论庞德人物面具中自我的显现

"人物面具"作为埃兹拉·庞德早期诗歌创作及文学批评的核心概念之一,在庞德探索自我的过程中起到了关键作用。庞德首先将"人物面具"定义为意象,赋予它使诗歌成为"客观事实"和"一种意识"的两种功能;庞德一方面借鉴了布朗宁的"戏剧独白体",用"人物面具"将自我他者化,从而使其以客观事实的方式显现;另一方面受到叶芝"大记忆"概念的影响,用"人物面具"将自我历史化,从而以意识的形式显现。因此,庞德的"人物面具"是诗人自我的显现,是庞德试图平衡内心世界与外部世界的手段,为诗人内心世界的表达提供了可能性。

布迪厄实践理论视域下档案实践教学研究——以“上大记忆”为例

高校实践教学作为提升高校人才培养质量的重要环节,是培养学生实践动手能力、培育创新精神,推动深化教育教学改革,培养高素质人才的关键。以上海大学档案实践教学项目“上大记忆”为例,分析“上大记忆”档案实践教学项目的实现逻辑,在布迪厄社会实践理论的基础上,从场域、惯习、资本三个方面解构“上大记忆”项目。即实践场域为联动式的档案实践空间,线下空间与虚拟空间紧密联系、互为补充;惯习体现为结构化的档案实践行为,不同行为者外显的实践行为有所差异;资本即多元化的档案实践支持,包含经济资本、文化资本、社会资本与象征资本。最后,借鉴布迪厄社会实践理论,提出高校档案学实践教学项目进一步发展的三方面建议,包括拓展场域,扩大项目平台;培养惯习,重视创新能力与人际交往能力;积累资本,打造项目品牌,提升社会影响力。

叶芝《基督重临》中“大记忆”蕴含的《易经》辩证哲学

叶芝的作品充满了多种宗教信义,"大记忆"就是其中之一。"大记忆"是叶芝在对东西方种种秘术亲身实践的基础上创立的与宗教息息相关的术语。叶芝的神秘宗教信义与《易经》的辩证哲学有着相通之处,二者均体现了人在社会变迁中思想精神的发展。从《易经》阴阳辩证哲学观点视角对叶芝《基督重临》(The Second Coming)的"大记忆"进行分析,探讨"大记忆"的成因及其蕴含的普世精神,并论证二者所蕴涵世界精神的互补与共存。

档案实践教改指标体系构建与实证研究:以“上大记忆”项目为例

[目的/意义]检验"上大记忆"档案实践教学项目的实践效果,据此向各高校档案实践教学改革提供经验和改进措施。[方法/过程]从专业素养、信息素养、人际交往、思政效果、跨专业学习5方面构建档案实践教学指标体系,运用SPSS26.0进行问卷分析,验证假设。[结果/结论]"上大记忆"项目能够提高学生专业素养和信息素养,具有很强的思政效果,一定程度上能促进学生跨专业学习。档案实践教学可以借鉴"上大记忆"的经验,寻找档案专业实践的切入点,加强校内外的合作深度,联动专业课程与实践教学,扩大项目平台。

历史记忆的诗学

孟明的《大记忆书》与作者的他乡经验和身份意识有关,对传统、母语的意识、对于母语文化的记忆的强调使该诗成为诗人历史记忆的诗学尝试,表达着对祖国传统文化的敬仰与回归。在这首大诗里,抒情主人公一方面寻求记忆的物质证据,一方面体验着记忆已经被物质世界所改写的命运。

动态反馈型神经网络的特性及其应用

对Hopfield型神经网络的特性及其应用作了较为详细的讨论 ,给出了相应的动力学特性以及在联想记忆和优化计算方面的应用 ,得到离散型网络的最大记忆容量以及与汉明距离的关系 ,对于连续型网络还给出了绝对稳定的充分必要条件 .

Step memory polynomial predistorter for power amplifiers with memory

To reduce the number of digital predistortion coefficients, a step memory polynomial （SMP）predistorter is presented. The number of predistortion coefficients is decreased by adjusting the maximum nonlinear order for different memory orders in the traditional memory polynomial （MP）predistorter. The proposed SNIP predistorter is identified by an offline learning structure on which the coefficients can be extracted directly from the sampled input and output of a PA. Simulation results show that the SMP predistorter is not tied to a particular PA model and is, therefore, robust. The effectiveness of the SMP predistorter is demonstrated by simulations and experiments on an MP model, a parallel Wiener model, a Wiener-Hammerstein model, a sparsedelay memory polynomial model and a real PA which is fabricated based on the Freescale LDMOSFET MRF21030. Compared with the traditional MP predistorter, the SMP predistorter can reduce the number of coefficients by 60%.

Crystallization of amorphous NiTi shape memory alloy fabricated by severe plastic deformation

Based on the local canning compression,severe plastic deformation（SPD） is able to lead to the almost complete amorphous nickel-titanium shape memory alloy（NiTi SMA）,in which a small amount of retained nanocrystalline phase is embedded in the amorphous matrix.Crystallization of amorphous NiTi alloy annealed at 573,723 and 873 K was investigated,respectively.The crystallization kinetics of the amorphous NiTi alloy can be mathematically described by the Johnson-MehlAvrami-Kolmogorov（JMAK） equation.NiTi SMA with a complete nanocrystalline phase is obtained in the case of annealing at 573 K and 723 K,where martensite phase transformation is suppressed due to the constraint of the grain boundaries.Crystallization of amorphous NiTi alloy at 873 K leads to the coarse-grained NiTi sample,where（001） martensite compound twin is observed at room temperature.It can be found that the martensitic twins preferentially nucleate at the grain boundary and they grow up towards the two different grains.SPD based on the local canning compression and subsequent annealing provides a new approach to obtain the nanocrystalline NiTi SMA.

Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Blood Cortisol and ACTH Concentrations,Cerebrum Cortex NO Synthase Activity in Rat

The effects of zinc deficiency on the serum cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) concentration,and the cerebrum nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in rats were studied.Growing rats were allotted to three groups,which were zinc deficiency (ZD),paired fed (PF) and zinc supplementation after feeding zinc deficient food for 21 days (ZS).The duration of feed test was 35 days.Compared with PF rats,serum cortisol concentration in ZD ones was significantly increased,whereas serum ACTH concentration and cerebrum NOS activity were significantly decreased.The results suggested that zinc might influence the metabolism of hypothalamic hypophysial adrenocortical axis and NOS.

Expression changes of hippocampal energy metabolism enzymes contribute to behavioural abnormalities during chronic morphine treatment

Dependence and impairment of learning and memory are two well-established features caused by abused drugs such as opioids. The hippocampus is an important region associated with both drug dependence and learning and memory. However, the molecular events in hippocampus following exposure to abused drugs such as opioids are not well understood. Here we examined the effect of chronic morphine treatment on hippocampal protein expression by proteomic analyses. We found that chronic exposure of mice to morphine for 10 days produced robust morphine withdrawal jumping and memory impairment, and also resulted in a significant downregulation of hippocampal protein levels of three metabolic enzymes, including Fe-S protein 1 ofNADH dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase or E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and lactate dehydrogenase 2. Further real-time quantitative PCR analyses confirmed that the levels of the corresponding mRNAs were also remarkably reduced. Consistent with these findings, lower ATP levels and an impaired ability to convert glucose into ATP were also observed in the hippocampus of chronically treated mice. Opioid antagonist naltrexone administrated concomitantly with morphine significantly suppressed morphine withdrawal jumping and reversed the downregulation of these proteins. Acute exposure to morphine also produced robust morphine withdrawal jumping and significant memory impairment, but failed to decrease the expression of these three proteins. Intrahippocampal injection of D-glucose before morphine administration significantly enhanced ATP levels and suppressed morphine withdrawal jumping and memory impairment in acute morphine-treated but not in chronic morphine-treated mice. Intraperitoneal injection of high dose of D-glucose shows a similar effect on morphine-induced withdrawal jumping as the central treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that reduced expression of the three metabolic enzymes in the hippocampus as a result of chronic morphine treatment contributes to the development of drug-induced symptoms such as morphine withdrawal jumping and memory impairment.

Metropolises and World Music in Globalization： Towns, Melting Pot Works, and Jazz Classics in Memories

Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns＇ of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities＇ into question. Jazz answers with stories and memories can learn a lesson for the future of towns, metropolises and their background, shows through examples of stories of jazz in New Orleans, New York, Paris, Bordeaux and Rome, how this nomad, notable and crossbreeding music contributes to the history of jazz, and world music, and listeners＇ memories, in ＂their own way＂ as towns, cities and their memories can contribute to the prosperity of the metropolises in globalization, through original melting pot works.

The Ghost Daughter Returns Home： Memory of Slavery in Toni Morrison＇s Beloved

This article aims to present Beloved, a ghost-in-the-flesh protagonist of Toni Morrison＇s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Beloved （1987）, as an incarnation of memory of slavery. Interpreted as personal and shared experience, Beloved will be analyzed on the basis of memory＇s dynamic nature as an active mnemonic agent operating in and between the individual and collective zones. It will be also argued that on the one hand, Beloved embodies memories of past slaved lives of the novel＇s central characters, Sethe and Paul D, while on the other hand she plays the role of an allegoric reminder of all Black slaves who lived and died in bondage on the American continent. Finally, Beloved will be symbolically seen as a historical, cultural and psychological link between contemporary African Americans and their African ancestors of the Middle Passage. The theoretical framework for this study of Morrison＇s most memorable ghost figure will follow from a discussion of memory＇s individual and shared qualities, as well as from the concepts of a collective consciousness, the collective unconscious, and collective memory.

Using Quantum Associative Memory to Simulate the Brain Functions

To simulate the brain functions,a quantum associative memory combined with information preprocessing by a sparse coding model is presented. The sparse coding scheme is used to simulate the information transformation from retina up to primary visual cortex (V1) along the visual path and the quantum associative memory is used to simulate the pattern processing functions of the brain such as the pattern storing,forgetting and retrieving. Experimental results show that the model exhibits good associative ability on face recognition. Considering the huge storage capacity,mass parallel-distributed processing ability and oscillatory phenomena of the quantum system,this model might be a biological plausible implementation.

A multi-attention RNN-based relation linking approach for question answering over knowledge base

Aiming at the relation linking task for question answering over knowledge base,especially the multi relation linking task for complex questions,a relation linking approach based on the multi-attention recurrent neural network(RNN)model is proposed,which works for both simple and complex questions.First,the vector representations of questions are learned by the bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)model at the word and character levels,and named entities in questions are labeled by the conditional random field(CRF)model.Candidate entities are generated based on a dictionary,the disambiguation of candidate entities is realized based on predefined rules,and named entities mentioned in questions are linked to entities in knowledge base.Next,questions are classified into simple or complex questions by the machine learning method.Starting from the identified entities,for simple questions,one-hop relations are collected in the knowledge base as candidate relations;for complex questions,two-hop relations are collected as candidates.Finally,the multi-attention Bi-LSTM model is used to encode questions and candidate relations,compare their similarity,and return the candidate relation with the highest similarity as the result of relation linking.It is worth noting that the Bi-LSTM model with one attentions is adopted for simple questions,and the Bi-LSTM model with two attentions is adopted for complex questions.The experimental results show that,based on the effective entity linking method,the Bi-LSTM model with the attention mechanism improves the relation linking effectiveness of both simple and complex questions,which outperforms the existing relation linking methods based on graph algorithm or linguistics understanding.

Effect of Batroxobin on Expression of C-Jun in Left Temporal Ischemic Rats with Spatial Learning and Memory Disorder

The effect of Batroxobin on expression of c-Jun in left temporal ischemic rats with spatial memory disorder was investigated by means of Morri's water maze and immunohistochemistry methods. The results showed that the mean reaction time and distance of temporal ischemic rats for searching a goal were significantly longer than those of sham-operated rats, and at the same time c-Jun expression of left temporal ischemic region was significantly increased. However, the mean reaction time and distance of Batroxobin-treated rats were shorter and they used normal strategies more often and earlier than those of ischemic rats. The number of c-Jun immune reactive cells of Batroxobin-treated rats was also less than that of ischemic group. In conclusion, Batroxobin can improve spatial memory disorder in temporal ischemic rats, and the down-regulation of the expression of c-Jun is probably related to the neuroprotective mechanism.

Effects of synaptic plasticity regulated by 17β-estradiol on learning and memory in rats with Alzheimer's disease

Objective To investigate whether estrogen modulates learning and memory and long-term potentiation （LTP） in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Methods The rats were divided into ovariectomy （OVX） and estrogen replacement therapy （ERT） groups. Rats in the ERT group received OVX, followed by ERT, while rats in the OVX group received only OVX. The rat model of AD was established by injection of 1 μL （10 μg/μL） amyloid-beta peptide 1-40（Aβ1-40） into the hippocampus. The learning and memory ability and LTP were determined by Morris water maze and electrophysiological method, respectively. Results The escape latency in Morris water maze significantly decreased in ERT group compared with that in OVX group （P 〈 0.05）. Besides, rats in ERT group exhibited a significant enhancement of the magnitude of LTP at 30 min after high-frequency stimulation （HFS）, compared with that in OVX group （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion ERT can attenuate the cognitive deficits in the rat model of AD, and estrogen can regulate LTP and synaptic remodeling in AD rats.

Effect of acupuncture on expression of AFosB and CREB in hippocampal heroin-relapse rats

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture on the addiction memory of rats. Methods A model for heroin re-addicted rats was made by coupling heroin injection in increasing doses on the platform of a Morris water maze with high-frequency sounds cues. The animals were randomly divided into control group, relapse group, acupuncture group, and drug group, with 10 individuals in each group. For the acupuncture group, Baihui （百会 GV 20） and ＂Dazhui＂ （大椎 GV 24） were selected. Morris water maze was used to assess the time elapsed and the distance traveled before a rat reached the platform. The expression levels of A FosB and cAMP response element binding protein （CREB） in hippocampal CA 1 area were assessed with immunohistochemical staining. Results Upon completion of three treatments, the acupuncture group had significantly longer lengths of latency and swimming distance compared to the relapse group （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, the acupuncture group had significantly lowered expression levels of A FosB and CREB compared to the relapse group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture can downregulate A FosB and CREB expression in rats＇ hippocampal area and inhibit the addiction memory.

DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF ETYMOLOGICAL ELABORATION AND ROTE MEMORIZATION ON IDIOM ACQUISITION IN COLLEGE EFL LEARNERS

This study investigates differential effects of etymological elaboration and rote memorization on idiom acquisition and retention in Chinese college EFL learners. The sample (N = 70) involved two intact groups of college students. Subjects in one group exposed to instruction in the form of etymological familiarity while subjects in the comparison group were asked to memorize idioms on the basis of their given meaning. Subjects were then administered two post-tests: one to assess initial idiom acquisition, and another four weeks later to assess idiom retention. Statistical analyses produced sufficient support for both the first hypothesis (that the etymological elaboration condition would acquire more idioms than the rote memorization condition), and the second hypothesis—that the etymological familiarity would exhibit superior retention rates. The finding of this study suggests that for the purpose of encouraging long-term retention, elaborating on the original usage of idioms is preferable to requiring students to learn idioms by rote.

On brain activity mapping: Insights and lessons from Brain Decoding Project to map memory patterns in the hippocampus

The BRAIN project recently announced by the president Obama is the reflection of unrelenting human quest for cracking the brain code, the patterns of neuronal activity that define who we are and what we are. While the Brain Activity Mapping proposal has rightly emphasized on the need to develop new technologies for measuring every spike from every neuron, it might be helpful to consider both the theoretical and experimental aspects that would accelerate our search for the organizing principles of the brain code. Here we share several insights and lessons from the similar proposal, namely, Brain Decoding Project that we initiated since 2007. We provide a specific example in our initial mapping of real-time memory traces from one part of the memory circuit, namely, the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. We show how innovative behavioral tasks and appropriate mathematical analyses of large datasets can play equally, if not more, important roles in uncovering the specific-to-general feature-coding cell assembly mechanism by which episodic memory, semantic knowledge, and imagination are generated and organized. Our own experiences suggest that the bottleneck of the Brain Project is not only at merely developing additional new technologies, but also the lack of efficient avenues to disseminate cutting edge platforms and decoding expertise to neuroscience community. Therefore, we propose that in order to harness unique insights and extensive knowledge from various investigators working in diverse neuroscience subfields, ranging from perception and emotion to memory and social behaviors, the BRAIN project should create a set of International and National Brain Decoding Centers at which cutting-edge recording technologies and expertise on analyzing large datasets analyses can be made readily available to the entire community of neuroscientists who can apply and schedule to perform cutting-edge research.