Using soybean hull residue after the soluble dietary fiber being removed during the soybean processing industry as crude material,a novel absorbent,modified soybean hulls,is prepared.Its adsorption behavior for Pb2＋ ...Using soybean hull residue after the soluble dietary fiber being removed during the soybean processing industry as crude material,a novel absorbent,modified soybean hulls,is prepared.Its adsorption behavior for Pb2＋ is studied.The adsorbent has a large and efficient adsorption capacity for Pb2＋,up to 20% of the mass of dry ad-sorbent.Its maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2＋ reaches 217 mg·g-1 at initial Pb2＋ concentration of 2000 mg·L-1,which is twice that of yeast absorbent and threefold greater than that of chitosan absorbent.The adsorption ability is sensitive to pH value in the solution and the optimal pH for adsorption of Pb2＋ is 7.0.In the presence of other metal ions （Ca2＋,Mg2＋ and Na＋） in the solution,their effect on the adsorption capacity for Pb2＋ is not obvious.After 5 cy-cles of adsorption,80% adsorption capacity of Pb2＋ is maintained.Compared with various available commercial resins,the modified soybean hulls are a plentiful,inexpensive and effective medium for the capture of dissolved Pb2＋ from waste streams.展开更多
The tensile properties of a series of soybean protein yarns are tested in USTER THINKPAID Ⅲ. A nonlinear viscoelastic model has been proposed to describe the tensile behavior of soybean protein yarns. The model is co...The tensile properties of a series of soybean protein yarns are tested in USTER THINKPAID Ⅲ. A nonlinear viscoelastic model has been proposed to describe the tensile behavior of soybean protein yarns. The model is composed of a Maxwell element, a linear spring and a nonlinear spring. The tensile properties of soybean protein yam are analyzed. The stress-strain curves of the yams are fitted. The average breaking tenacity and specific work of rupture are calculated using the average breaking strain. Comparisons indicate that theoretical predictions conform the experimental results very well.展开更多
A field study was conducted in Busia district of Kenya to elucidate the dynamics of ladybirds in mixed stands of maize, beans and cowpeas to determine their efficacy as sole control measures for Aphids. Maize, beans a...A field study was conducted in Busia district of Kenya to elucidate the dynamics of ladybirds in mixed stands of maize, beans and cowpeas to determine their efficacy as sole control measures for Aphids. Maize, beans and cowpeas were intercropped using conventional husbandry practices and the general Coccinellid quantified as follows： Colonies of four Coccinellids, starved for 12 hours to enhance feeding on Aphids were assessed. The effects of weather on the abundance of Coccinellids were also investigated and involved collection of meteorological data from the Busia District Agricultural Office （BDAO） and from Busia Farmers Training Centre （BFTC） and relating them to the abundance and predation values. The predator population was most abundant in the mixed stands of maize and beans （2.33 predators/30 Aphids） as compared to their occurrence in pure stands of cowpeas （0.85 predators/30 Aphids）. The genus Cheilomenes spp. was the most ubiquitous predator with a mean of 4.00 individuals/30 Aphids while Hippodamia variegata was the least abundant predator species with a mean of 0.92 individuals/30 Aphids in all the agro-ecosystems. The larvae of Hippodamia variegata were the most bio-efficient, consuming 32.44 Aphids while their adults were the least bio-efficient, consuming 4.22 individuals for a period of 12 hours. The Coccinellids consumed more Aphids at higher aphid densities （24.05 Aphids） than at lower aphid densities （9.44 Aphids） over the same period of time. Rainfall and relative humidity had significant （F = 3.675; P 〈 0.05） effects on the abundance of Coccinellids. Temperature had significant （F = 3.58; P 〈 0.05） effect on the abundance of Coccinellids though at a lower level. Rainfall （r = -0.162） and relative humidity （r = - 0.084） were both inversely correlated with the abundance of Coccinellids. On the other hand, temperature was positively correlated （r = 0.159） with the prevalence of Coccinellids indicating that warmer and drier conditions favoured their multiplication.展开更多
Agricultural market creation was critical for rural growth in Africa. How to achieve this based on crops other than major staples （e.g. maize） and traditional export crops （e.g., tea, coffee, cotton） remained a pr...Agricultural market creation was critical for rural growth in Africa. How to achieve this based on crops other than major staples （e.g. maize） and traditional export crops （e.g., tea, coffee, cotton） remained a problem since most African countries did not give them policy attention. This study used a three-tier-model, developed based on successful strategies in Nigeria and Zimbabwe, to develop multi-level soybean market creation in Kenya. Data were from secondary sources, formal and informal interviews, farm-level data, and participant observations. Analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Result showed increasing in farmers＇ confidence to produce, process, consume, and sell more soybeans than before. Trained farmers＇ groups were developing new soybean products for cash, poverty reduction and improvements in livelihoods. Net returns had been increased from 4 to 14 times from processed products. Selected farmers＇ groups had begun to supply large-scale processors with soybean grains, substituting imports. The overall project＇s impact on number of participating farmer groups and the actual land area devoted to soybean cultivation ranged from a factor of 2.3 to a factor of 77.4 between the long rainy seasons of 2005 / 2006 and the short rainy seasons of 2009. Farmers had given testimonies on live improvements.展开更多
China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This...China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This paper assesses the possible effects of adoption of herbicide-tolerant, biotech soybeans in China and its impact on the world soybean trade. Results indicate that under a low technology fee and high adoption rate, China would be able to satisfy its soybean food demand. Urban consumers＇ strong preference for non-biotech soybean oil may lead to increase in imports of non-biotech soybeans.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（20876008 21076009） the National Basic Research Program of China（2007CB714305）+1 种基金 the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China（2006AA020101） Chinese Universities Scientific Fund（ZZ1024）
文摘Using soybean hull residue after the soluble dietary fiber being removed during the soybean processing industry as crude material,a novel absorbent,modified soybean hulls,is prepared.Its adsorption behavior for Pb2＋ is studied.The adsorbent has a large and efficient adsorption capacity for Pb2＋,up to 20% of the mass of dry ad-sorbent.Its maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2＋ reaches 217 mg·g-1 at initial Pb2＋ concentration of 2000 mg·L-1,which is twice that of yeast absorbent and threefold greater than that of chitosan absorbent.The adsorption ability is sensitive to pH value in the solution and the optimal pH for adsorption of Pb2＋ is 7.0.In the presence of other metal ions （Ca2＋,Mg2＋ and Na＋） in the solution,their effect on the adsorption capacity for Pb2＋ is not obvious.After 5 cy-cles of adsorption,80% adsorption capacity of Pb2＋ is maintained.Compared with various available commercial resins,the modified soybean hulls are a plentiful,inexpensive and effective medium for the capture of dissolved Pb2＋ from waste streams.
文摘The tensile properties of a series of soybean protein yarns are tested in USTER THINKPAID Ⅲ. A nonlinear viscoelastic model has been proposed to describe the tensile behavior of soybean protein yarns. The model is composed of a Maxwell element, a linear spring and a nonlinear spring. The tensile properties of soybean protein yam are analyzed. The stress-strain curves of the yams are fitted. The average breaking tenacity and specific work of rupture are calculated using the average breaking strain. Comparisons indicate that theoretical predictions conform the experimental results very well.
文摘A field study was conducted in Busia district of Kenya to elucidate the dynamics of ladybirds in mixed stands of maize, beans and cowpeas to determine their efficacy as sole control measures for Aphids. Maize, beans and cowpeas were intercropped using conventional husbandry practices and the general Coccinellid quantified as follows： Colonies of four Coccinellids, starved for 12 hours to enhance feeding on Aphids were assessed. The effects of weather on the abundance of Coccinellids were also investigated and involved collection of meteorological data from the Busia District Agricultural Office （BDAO） and from Busia Farmers Training Centre （BFTC） and relating them to the abundance and predation values. The predator population was most abundant in the mixed stands of maize and beans （2.33 predators/30 Aphids） as compared to their occurrence in pure stands of cowpeas （0.85 predators/30 Aphids）. The genus Cheilomenes spp. was the most ubiquitous predator with a mean of 4.00 individuals/30 Aphids while Hippodamia variegata was the least abundant predator species with a mean of 0.92 individuals/30 Aphids in all the agro-ecosystems. The larvae of Hippodamia variegata were the most bio-efficient, consuming 32.44 Aphids while their adults were the least bio-efficient, consuming 4.22 individuals for a period of 12 hours. The Coccinellids consumed more Aphids at higher aphid densities （24.05 Aphids） than at lower aphid densities （9.44 Aphids） over the same period of time. Rainfall and relative humidity had significant （F = 3.675; P 〈 0.05） effects on the abundance of Coccinellids. Temperature had significant （F = 3.58; P 〈 0.05） effect on the abundance of Coccinellids though at a lower level. Rainfall （r = -0.162） and relative humidity （r = - 0.084） were both inversely correlated with the abundance of Coccinellids. On the other hand, temperature was positively correlated （r = 0.159） with the prevalence of Coccinellids indicating that warmer and drier conditions favoured their multiplication.
文摘Agricultural market creation was critical for rural growth in Africa. How to achieve this based on crops other than major staples （e.g. maize） and traditional export crops （e.g., tea, coffee, cotton） remained a problem since most African countries did not give them policy attention. This study used a three-tier-model, developed based on successful strategies in Nigeria and Zimbabwe, to develop multi-level soybean market creation in Kenya. Data were from secondary sources, formal and informal interviews, farm-level data, and participant observations. Analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Result showed increasing in farmers＇ confidence to produce, process, consume, and sell more soybeans than before. Trained farmers＇ groups were developing new soybean products for cash, poverty reduction and improvements in livelihoods. Net returns had been increased from 4 to 14 times from processed products. Selected farmers＇ groups had begun to supply large-scale processors with soybean grains, substituting imports. The overall project＇s impact on number of participating farmer groups and the actual land area devoted to soybean cultivation ranged from a factor of 2.3 to a factor of 77.4 between the long rainy seasons of 2005 / 2006 and the short rainy seasons of 2009. Farmers had given testimonies on live improvements.
文摘China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This paper assesses the possible effects of adoption of herbicide-tolerant, biotech soybeans in China and its impact on the world soybean trade. Results indicate that under a low technology fee and high adoption rate, China would be able to satisfy its soybean food demand. Urban consumers＇ strong preference for non-biotech soybean oil may lead to increase in imports of non-biotech soybeans.
