To determine the dynamic influence range of emergencies under special events, the spacial and temporal characteristics of the traffic flow are studied by simulation based on the cell transmission model （CTM）. Based ...To determine the dynamic influence range of emergencies under special events, the spacial and temporal characteristics of the traffic flow are studied by simulation based on the cell transmission model （CTM）. Based on the traffic management measures used under special events, a semi-dynamic assignment algorithm is proposed, which is combined with an algorithm for logit multi-path traffic assignment and the CTM. In a simple calculation network, the spacial and temporal characteristics of traffic flows which vary with different traffic management schemes are studied, and a method to obtain the influence range of emergency is proposed by computing the jam time of the intersections. By contrasting the average delay of each vehicle, the dissipation effect is studied under two different traffic management schemes. The example shows that the spatial and temporal variety of the traffic flow can be easily simulated and the influence range of emergency can be confirmed by the method based on the CTM. The proposed method provides a new idea for decision-making on traffic management under emergency under special events.展开更多
In Germany, Japan and in the Taiwan Region of our country, there is the long-standing debate about the joint negligence crime, and in the mainland of China, there are many scholars having discussed, but because the pr...In Germany, Japan and in the Taiwan Region of our country, there is the long-standing debate about the joint negligence crime, and in the mainland of China, there are many scholars having discussed, but because the provisions on the joint crimes in the criminal law of our country exclude the joint negligence, the relevant discussions are not very sufficient. This paper talks about the views on the relevant issues of the joint negligence crimes, with the provisions on the traffic accident accomplice in the ＂Explanation of several issues concerning the specific application of law in the trial of criminal cases of traffic accidents＂ by the Supreme People＇s Court in 2000 as the starting point, in recognition of the negligent offender, the author further analyzes the constitution of the concept, in order to more clearly define the instigator of the negligent offender.展开更多
Objective： The treatment of subtrochanteric fractures is challenging and treatment modalities and implants are constantly evolving. This study attempts to revisit and compare extramedullary vs. intramedullary devices...Objective： The treatment of subtrochanteric fractures is challenging and treatment modalities and implants are constantly evolving. This study attempts to revisit and compare extramedullary vs. intramedullary devices in relatively young population. Methods： Thirty patients with subtrochanteric fractures were enrolled and treated with extramedullary or intramedullary devices and follow-up continued one year for clinico-radiological assessment. Results： The mean age of patients was 37,53 years. Most were males between 21-40 years. The dominant mode of injury was traffic accidents （66%）. Fractures were classified according to Russell-Taylor classification. Forty percent were Russell-Taylor type IA, 37% type IB and 23% type IIA. Average time to surgery was 3.6 days from the time of admission to hospital. Mean duration of surgery was 45 minutes for intramedullary device （group A） and 105 minutes for extramedullary device （group B）. Average blood loss was 100 ml in group A and 200 ml in group B. Mean duration of radiation exposure was 130 seconds and 140 seconds for groups A and B, while average duration of hospital stay was 12 days and 16 days respectively. Excellent results were seen in 47% of cases in group A and 33% of cases in group B. Conclusion： Intramedullary device is a reliable implant for subtrochanteric fractures. It has high rates of union with minimal soft-tissue damage. Intramedullary fixation has biological and biomechanical advantages, but surgery is technically demanding. Gradual learning and patience is needed to make this method truly rewarding.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given ...Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given to 265 college students. The sample contained 188 males and 77 females. In the second phase, the data pertaining to road accident injuries from March 20, 2007 to March 20, 2008 were collected from Bahonar Central Hospital in Kerman, Iran, and analyzed. Results： There were 14.0% of male and 19.0% of female participants traveled belted while driving on urban roads. It indicated that the participants unbelted or using mobile phone were more involved in accidents in last threeyears. This study also revealed that 19.0% of male and 4.2% of female drivers considered using mobile phone in driving not hazardous. The highest injury and property damage crash rates were 87 and 137 per 100 000 inhabitants, which occured in male group aged 18-24 years. And 30% of all fatalities were 19-24 years old. Conclusions： More than 50% ofcoUege students traveled unbelted. The females were less involved in road accident injuries. The college students aged 18-24 years had the highest percentages of trauma and head injury.展开更多
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2007AA11Z210)
文摘To determine the dynamic influence range of emergencies under special events, the spacial and temporal characteristics of the traffic flow are studied by simulation based on the cell transmission model （CTM）. Based on the traffic management measures used under special events, a semi-dynamic assignment algorithm is proposed, which is combined with an algorithm for logit multi-path traffic assignment and the CTM. In a simple calculation network, the spacial and temporal characteristics of traffic flows which vary with different traffic management schemes are studied, and a method to obtain the influence range of emergency is proposed by computing the jam time of the intersections. By contrasting the average delay of each vehicle, the dissipation effect is studied under two different traffic management schemes. The example shows that the spatial and temporal variety of the traffic flow can be easily simulated and the influence range of emergency can be confirmed by the method based on the CTM. The proposed method provides a new idea for decision-making on traffic management under emergency under special events.
文摘In Germany, Japan and in the Taiwan Region of our country, there is the long-standing debate about the joint negligence crime, and in the mainland of China, there are many scholars having discussed, but because the provisions on the joint crimes in the criminal law of our country exclude the joint negligence, the relevant discussions are not very sufficient. This paper talks about the views on the relevant issues of the joint negligence crimes, with the provisions on the traffic accident accomplice in the ＂Explanation of several issues concerning the specific application of law in the trial of criminal cases of traffic accidents＂ by the Supreme People＇s Court in 2000 as the starting point, in recognition of the negligent offender, the author further analyzes the constitution of the concept, in order to more clearly define the instigator of the negligent offender.
文摘Objective： The treatment of subtrochanteric fractures is challenging and treatment modalities and implants are constantly evolving. This study attempts to revisit and compare extramedullary vs. intramedullary devices in relatively young population. Methods： Thirty patients with subtrochanteric fractures were enrolled and treated with extramedullary or intramedullary devices and follow-up continued one year for clinico-radiological assessment. Results： The mean age of patients was 37,53 years. Most were males between 21-40 years. The dominant mode of injury was traffic accidents （66%）. Fractures were classified according to Russell-Taylor classification. Forty percent were Russell-Taylor type IA, 37% type IB and 23% type IIA. Average time to surgery was 3.6 days from the time of admission to hospital. Mean duration of surgery was 45 minutes for intramedullary device （group A） and 105 minutes for extramedullary device （group B）. Average blood loss was 100 ml in group A and 200 ml in group B. Mean duration of radiation exposure was 130 seconds and 140 seconds for groups A and B, while average duration of hospital stay was 12 days and 16 days respectively. Excellent results were seen in 47% of cases in group A and 33% of cases in group B. Conclusion： Intramedullary device is a reliable implant for subtrochanteric fractures. It has high rates of union with minimal soft-tissue damage. Intramedullary fixation has biological and biomechanical advantages, but surgery is technically demanding. Gradual learning and patience is needed to make this method truly rewarding.
文摘Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given to 265 college students. The sample contained 188 males and 77 females. In the second phase, the data pertaining to road accident injuries from March 20, 2007 to March 20, 2008 were collected from Bahonar Central Hospital in Kerman, Iran, and analyzed. Results： There were 14.0% of male and 19.0% of female participants traveled belted while driving on urban roads. It indicated that the participants unbelted or using mobile phone were more involved in accidents in last threeyears. This study also revealed that 19.0% of male and 4.2% of female drivers considered using mobile phone in driving not hazardous. The highest injury and property damage crash rates were 87 and 137 per 100 000 inhabitants, which occured in male group aged 18-24 years. And 30% of all fatalities were 19-24 years old. Conclusions： More than 50% ofcoUege students traveled unbelted. The females were less involved in road accident injuries. The college students aged 18-24 years had the highest percentages of trauma and head injury.
