长时间大量储存和释放电能的方法

根据蓄电池的工作原理,对蓄电池结构进行改造,设置两组电池槽V1、V2和两个电解液储存罐V3、V4,两组电池槽交替循环充电,将已充足电能的电极板取出处理后封存。用足够数量的电极板交替循环这一过程,就可以将大量电能储存起来备用。电能释放是以上充电过程的逆过程。

A Cogeneration System for an Apartment Building Based on Distributed Heat Storage Technology

In order for economically viable distributed generation systems for apartment buildings to spread, it is essential to develop an efficient and low-cost heat supply system. We have developed a new eogeneration system called the Neighboring Cogeneration system （NCG）. The key concept of this system is to install a heat accumulator with a hot water supply and a room heating function at each household and to connect different households by a single loop of hot water pipe. As a result, time leveling of the heat supply and heat transferring among households becomes possible. Thus, the costs of the pipe and the heat source equipment decrease. Furthermore, because all of the heat accumulators store heat, the total heat storage capacity is large enough for cogeneration to generate exhaust heat according to the electricity demand and with a high operating rate. In this paper, we report the results of the NCG system for 7 lived-in households. The controlling system worked efficiently. All of the households were able to use hot water without any difficulties. Further, we report the results of the energy saving effect of the NCG system for 50 lived-in households by means of a simulation based on the experimental results for NEXT21.

Self-assembled α-MnO2 urchin-like microspheres as a high-performance cathode for aqueous Zn-ion batteries

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)are one of the promising battery technologies for the green energy storage and electric vehicles.As one attractive cathode material for AZIBs,α-MnO2 materials exhibit superior electrochemical properties.However,their long-term reversibility is still in great suspense.Considering the decisive effect of the structure and morphology on theα-MnO2 materials,hierarchicalα-MnO2 materials would be promising to improve the cycle performance of AZIB.Here,we synthesized theα-MnO2 urchin-like microspheres(AUM)via a self-assembled method.The porous microspheres composed of one-dimensionalα-MnO2 nanofibers with high crystallinity,which improved the surface area and active sites for Zn2+intercalation.The AUM-based AZIB realized a high initial capacity of 308.0 mA hg-1,and the highest energy density was 396.7 W hkg-1.The kinetics investigation confirmed the high capacitive contribution and fast ion diffusion of the AUM.Ex-situ XRD measurement further verified the synergistic insertion/extraction of H+and Zn2+ions during the charge/discharge process.The superiority of the AUM guaranteed good electrochemical performance and reversible phase evolution,and this application would promote the follow-up research on the advanced AZIB.

Segmented cylindrical vector beams for massively-encoded optical data storage

The possibility to achieve unprecedented multiplexing of light-matter interaction in nanoscale is of virtue importance from both fundamental science and practical application points of view. Cylindrical vector beams(CVBs) manifested as polarization vortices represent a robust and emerging degree of freedom for information multiplexing with increased capacities. Here, we propose and demonstrate massivelyencoded optical data storage(ODS) by harnessing spatially variant electric fields mediated by segmented CVBs. By tight focusing polychromatic segmented CVBs to plasmonic nanoparticle aggregates, recordhigh multiplexing channels of ODS through different combinations of polarization states and wavelengths have been experimentally demonstrated with a low error rate. Our result not only casts new perceptions for tailoring light-matter interactions utilizing structured light but also enables a new prospective for ultra-high capacity optical memory with minimalist system complexity by combining CVB’s compatibility with fiber optics.

Protection status as determinant of carbon stock drivers in Cerrado sensu stricto

Aims Natural vegetation plays an important role in global carbon cycling and storage.Thus,the Cerrado(Brazilian savannah)is considered a carbon sink because of its intrinsic characteristics.Our aim was to evaluate how the aboveground biomass and biodiversity relationship change between three Cerrado remnants with different protection status:a‘control area’(Legal Reserve area),a protected area(PA)and a non-protected area(Non-PA).Methods All three studied fragments are situated in northern Minas Gerais state,Brazil.We estimated the aboveground carbon stocks based on the forest inventory.We also measured three dimensions of biodiversity metrics for each plot:functional trait dominance,taxonomic diversity and functional diversity.The following functional traits were evaluated for the species:wood density,maximum diameter and seed size.We carried out generalized linear models seeking to evaluate how carbon stocks,community-weighted mean(CWM)trait values,species richness and diversity,and functional diversity indices differ among the remnants.Important Findings The Cerrado areas without protection status had lower carbon stocks,species richness,species diversity,functional richness and functional dispersion,whereas both PA and Non-PA had lower CWM maximum diameter and seed size compared with the Legal Reserve control area.Generalized linear models showed that carbon stocks,species and functional richness metrics were correlated within and across sites,and thus,species richness could serve as a good proxy for functional richness and carbon stocks.The carbon stocks were positively driven by species richness and CWM maximum diameter,while they were negatively driven by functional dispersion.Functional richness,species diversity and CWM seed size appeared in the set of best models,but with no significant direct effect on carbon stocks.Thus,we concluded that absence of protection in the Cerrado areas decreases both species richness and carbon stocks.