The performances of CMIP5 atmospheric general circulation models （AGCMs） in simulating the western North Pacific subtropical high （WNPSH） in El Nino decaying summers are examined in this study. Results show that m...The performances of CMIP5 atmospheric general circulation models （AGCMs） in simulating the western North Pacific subtropical high （WNPSH） in El Nino decaying summers are examined in this study. Results show that most models can reproduce the spatial pattern of both climatological and anomalous circulation associated with the WNPSH in El Nino decaying summers. Most CMIP5 AGCMs can capture the westward shift of the WNPSH in El Nino decaying summers compared with the climatological location. With respect to the sub-seasonal variation of the WNPSH, the performances of these AGCMs in reproducing the northward jump of the WNPSH are better than simulating the eastward retreat of the WNPSH from July to August. Twenty-one out of twenty-two （20 out of 22） models can reasonably reproduce the northward jump of the WNPSH in El Nino decaying summers （climatology）, while only 7 out of 22 （8 out of 22） AGCMs can reasonably reproduce the eastward retreat of the WNPSH in El Nino decaying summers （climatology）. In addition, there is a close connection between the climatological WNPSH location bias and that in El Nino decaying summers.展开更多
The kinetochore composition of rat liver cells was studied by indirect immunofluorescence andimmunoblotting using human anti-kinetochore/centromere autoantibodies(ACAs).Besides threemajor antigens(50kD,42 kD and 34 kD...The kinetochore composition of rat liver cells was studied by indirect immunofluorescence andimmunoblotting using human anti-kinetochore/centromere autoantibodies(ACAs).Besides threemajor antigens(50kD,42 kD and 34 kD),ACAs used in this study could also identify those of 32-30 kD and 20 kD in newborn rat liver cells,90 kD in old rat liver cells,37 kD and 32-30 kD inregenerating liver cells.These results indicate that some kinetochore antigen(s)may be related to cellproliferation or specific for different stages of development.展开更多
Objective： Diabetic nephropathy （DN） is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal failure. The pathogenesis of progressive renal injury is multifactorial and the mechanism by which hyperglycemia causes micro...Objective： Diabetic nephropathy （DN） is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal failure. The pathogenesis of progressive renal injury is multifactorial and the mechanism by which hyperglycemia causes microangiopathy is still poorly understood. The WNT pathway is activated in DN and regulating β-catenin protein levels is referred to as the canonical Wntβ-catenin pathway. Because the renin angiotensin system has been reported to be an important contributory factor in the pathophysiology of DN, exogenous administration of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist may be beneficial in counteracting some biochemical or functional changes of DN. The aim of the study was to determine the β-catenin expression and the possible protective effects of irbesartan, an angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor blocker （ARB） in a rat model of streptozotocin（STZ）-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods： STZ-induced DN in rats was assessed biochemically by measuring urine volume, protein and creatinine clearance as well as Kidney weight/body weight （KW/BW） and the index of mesangial expansion. Three groups of male Sprague-dawley rats were used. The first group consisted of non-diabetic control rats （control）. The second group was the untreated diabetic rats（STZ＋vehicle）. The third group consisted of diabeti rats treated with irbesartan, 50 mg/kg for 12 weeks （STZ＋irbesartan）. Immunohistochemical stainings and real time PCR for β-catenin were performed in renal cortex of rat modals. Results： Marked hyperglycemia, polyuria, proteinuria, renal hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion and glomerular hyperfiltration were observed in STZ diabetic rats. The levels of microalbuminuria and KW/BW in the STZ＋irbesartan group were lower than those in the STZ＋vehicle group （P〈0.05）. The up-regulated immunostaining and mRNA expression of β-catenin were decreased in renal cortic of the Irbesartan-treated diabetic group, but there was no significant difference compared to the untreated diabetic group. Conclusion： The data suggest that irbesartan ameliorates proteinuria and renal hypertrophy, charactered damages of STZ-induced early-stage DN in rats, but its effective drug target is not to inhibit the up-regulated expressions of β-catenin.展开更多
The contrast research results show that the number of items and stations with imminent, short and medium term precursor anomalies for the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake is less than that of the Menglian earthquake. The ...The contrast research results show that the number of items and stations with imminent, short and medium term precursor anomalies for the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake is less than that of the Menglian earthquake. The number of anomalies and stations associated with the Wenchuan earthquake increased in the early stage of the short-term range,as opposed to the later period for the Menglian and Lijiang earthquakes. Most of the medium term anomalies occurred two to three years before the Wenchuan earthquake,when the number of anomaly stations and items was eleven,and a great change appeared in the observation values in about half of the stations ( items ) . However,for the Menglian earthquake,medium term anomalies happened one to two years before the earthquake, the number of abnormal stations and items reached 20,and a sharp change appeared in the observation values six months to one year before the earthquake in about 30 percent of the stations or items. In the epicenter and the nearby area,the macroscopic abnormalities started 3 years before the Wenchuan earthquake and lasted intermittently until 1 month before the earthquake. Within 2 percent of the total area of the province,the macroscopic abnormalities accounted for 30 to 50 percent of the total number of anomalies of the Province. For the Xingtai,Tangshan,Haicheng,Songpan earthquakes,the macroscopic anomalies started two to three months before,or on the very day of the earthquakes. The common feature of the precursors between the Wenchuan and other strong earthquakes is the appearance of tremendous changes in a certain number of observation values of anomalies in the mid and short terms before all these earthquakes.展开更多
Recognition of natural deformation during the excavation of ancient remains and tombs is important for tracing or enriching historic and prehistoric deformation records. Recently, the earthquake agencies,in cooperatio...Recognition of natural deformation during the excavation of ancient remains and tombs is important for tracing or enriching historic and prehistoric deformation records. Recently, the earthquake agencies,in cooperation with the cultural relics and archaeological institutions, conducted a special excavation investigation to the Gaixia remains archaeological scene in Guzhen,Anhui Province. Faults and fissures were discovered there, which,as demonstrated by the preliminary study,are the traces of two stratum dislocation events of the same period,at a time approximately corresponding to the late Dawenkou culture stage. This work may improve the recognition of earthquake relics in the cultural stratum of humanity in the East China region.展开更多
Based on the 18-year （1993-2010） National Centers for Environmental Prediction optimum interpolation sea surface temperature （SST） and simple ocean data assimilation datasets, this study investigated the patterns ...Based on the 18-year （1993-2010） National Centers for Environmental Prediction optimum interpolation sea surface temperature （SST） and simple ocean data assimilation datasets, this study investigated the patterns of the SST anomalies （SSTAs） that occurred in the South China Sea （SCS） during the mature phase of the E1 Nifio/Southem Oscillation. The most dominant characteristic was that of the out- of-phase variation between southwestern and northeastern parts of the SCS, which was influenced primarily by the net surface heat flux and by horizontal thermal advection. The negative SSTA in the northeastern SCS was caused mainly by the loss of heat to the atmosphere and because of the cold-water advection from the western Pacific through the Luzon Strait during E1 Nifio episodes. Conversely, it was found that the anomalous large-scale atmospheric circulation and weakened western boundary current during E1 Nifio episodes led to the development of the positive SSTA in the southwestern SCS.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41475052,41405058]China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[grant number 2015M571095]Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA11010403]
文摘The performances of CMIP5 atmospheric general circulation models （AGCMs） in simulating the western North Pacific subtropical high （WNPSH） in El Nino decaying summers are examined in this study. Results show that most models can reproduce the spatial pattern of both climatological and anomalous circulation associated with the WNPSH in El Nino decaying summers. Most CMIP5 AGCMs can capture the westward shift of the WNPSH in El Nino decaying summers compared with the climatological location. With respect to the sub-seasonal variation of the WNPSH, the performances of these AGCMs in reproducing the northward jump of the WNPSH are better than simulating the eastward retreat of the WNPSH from July to August. Twenty-one out of twenty-two （20 out of 22） models can reasonably reproduce the northward jump of the WNPSH in El Nino decaying summers （climatology）, while only 7 out of 22 （8 out of 22） AGCMs can reasonably reproduce the eastward retreat of the WNPSH in El Nino decaying summers （climatology）. In addition, there is a close connection between the climatological WNPSH location bias and that in El Nino decaying summers.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The kinetochore composition of rat liver cells was studied by indirect immunofluorescence andimmunoblotting using human anti-kinetochore/centromere autoantibodies(ACAs).Besides threemajor antigens(50kD,42 kD and 34 kD),ACAs used in this study could also identify those of 32-30 kD and 20 kD in newborn rat liver cells,90 kD in old rat liver cells,37 kD and 32-30 kD inregenerating liver cells.These results indicate that some kinetochore antigen(s)may be related to cellproliferation or specific for different stages of development.
文摘Objective： Diabetic nephropathy （DN） is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal failure. The pathogenesis of progressive renal injury is multifactorial and the mechanism by which hyperglycemia causes microangiopathy is still poorly understood. The WNT pathway is activated in DN and regulating β-catenin protein levels is referred to as the canonical Wntβ-catenin pathway. Because the renin angiotensin system has been reported to be an important contributory factor in the pathophysiology of DN, exogenous administration of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist may be beneficial in counteracting some biochemical or functional changes of DN. The aim of the study was to determine the β-catenin expression and the possible protective effects of irbesartan, an angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor blocker （ARB） in a rat model of streptozotocin（STZ）-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods： STZ-induced DN in rats was assessed biochemically by measuring urine volume, protein and creatinine clearance as well as Kidney weight/body weight （KW/BW） and the index of mesangial expansion. Three groups of male Sprague-dawley rats were used. The first group consisted of non-diabetic control rats （control）. The second group was the untreated diabetic rats（STZ＋vehicle）. The third group consisted of diabeti rats treated with irbesartan, 50 mg/kg for 12 weeks （STZ＋irbesartan）. Immunohistochemical stainings and real time PCR for β-catenin were performed in renal cortex of rat modals. Results： Marked hyperglycemia, polyuria, proteinuria, renal hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion and glomerular hyperfiltration were observed in STZ diabetic rats. The levels of microalbuminuria and KW/BW in the STZ＋irbesartan group were lower than those in the STZ＋vehicle group （P〈0.05）. The up-regulated immunostaining and mRNA expression of β-catenin were decreased in renal cortic of the Irbesartan-treated diabetic group, but there was no significant difference compared to the untreated diabetic group. Conclusion： The data suggest that irbesartan ameliorates proteinuria and renal hypertrophy, charactered damages of STZ-induced early-stage DN in rats, but its effective drug target is not to inhibit the up-regulated expressions of β-catenin.
基金sponsored by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program),China (2008CB425700)
文摘The contrast research results show that the number of items and stations with imminent, short and medium term precursor anomalies for the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake is less than that of the Menglian earthquake. The number of anomalies and stations associated with the Wenchuan earthquake increased in the early stage of the short-term range,as opposed to the later period for the Menglian and Lijiang earthquakes. Most of the medium term anomalies occurred two to three years before the Wenchuan earthquake,when the number of anomaly stations and items was eleven,and a great change appeared in the observation values in about half of the stations ( items ) . However,for the Menglian earthquake,medium term anomalies happened one to two years before the earthquake, the number of abnormal stations and items reached 20,and a sharp change appeared in the observation values six months to one year before the earthquake in about 30 percent of the stations or items. In the epicenter and the nearby area,the macroscopic abnormalities started 3 years before the Wenchuan earthquake and lasted intermittently until 1 month before the earthquake. Within 2 percent of the total area of the province,the macroscopic abnormalities accounted for 30 to 50 percent of the total number of anomalies of the Province. For the Xingtai,Tangshan,Haicheng,Songpan earthquakes,the macroscopic anomalies started two to three months before,or on the very day of the earthquakes. The common feature of the precursors between the Wenchuan and other strong earthquakes is the appearance of tremendous changes in a certain number of observation values of anomalies in the mid and short terms before all these earthquakes.
基金sponsored by Scientific Research Special Project of Earthquake Studies(200808064)Science and Technology Tackle Key Problem Plan Project of Anhui Province (08010302204),China
文摘Recognition of natural deformation during the excavation of ancient remains and tombs is important for tracing or enriching historic and prehistoric deformation records. Recently, the earthquake agencies,in cooperation with the cultural relics and archaeological institutions, conducted a special excavation investigation to the Gaixia remains archaeological scene in Guzhen,Anhui Province. Faults and fissures were discovered there, which,as demonstrated by the preliminary study,are the traces of two stratum dislocation events of the same period,at a time approximately corresponding to the late Dawenkou culture stage. This work may improve the recognition of earthquake relics in the cultural stratum of humanity in the East China region.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41306026)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography,SOA(No.2013009)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB403504)the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Marine Sector(No.201005005-2)
文摘Based on the 18-year （1993-2010） National Centers for Environmental Prediction optimum interpolation sea surface temperature （SST） and simple ocean data assimilation datasets, this study investigated the patterns of the SST anomalies （SSTAs） that occurred in the South China Sea （SCS） during the mature phase of the E1 Nifio/Southem Oscillation. The most dominant characteristic was that of the out- of-phase variation between southwestern and northeastern parts of the SCS, which was influenced primarily by the net surface heat flux and by horizontal thermal advection. The negative SSTA in the northeastern SCS was caused mainly by the loss of heat to the atmosphere and because of the cold-water advection from the western Pacific through the Luzon Strait during E1 Nifio episodes. Conversely, it was found that the anomalous large-scale atmospheric circulation and weakened western boundary current during E1 Nifio episodes led to the development of the positive SSTA in the southwestern SCS.
