OBJECTIVE: To observe the significant differences in the frequencies of the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) alleles in Chinese popoulations. METHODS: Tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific amplific...OBJECTIVE: To observe the significant differences in the frequencies of the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) alleles in Chinese popoulations. METHODS: Tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific amplification (ASA) PCR and multiplex long PCR were developed to detect the CYP2D6 alleles * 2, * 3, * 4, * 5, * 6, * 8, * 10 and * 14 in 223 subjects from Chinese mainland. RESULTS: The CYP2D6 * 5 allele was the most frequent poor metabolizer (PM) allele in Chinese (7.2%), followed by CYP2D6 * 14 (2.0%) which was only detected in orientals. There was only 0.2% CYP2D6 * 4, and no CYP2D6 * 3, * 6 and * 8 were detected. In contrast to the Caucasians, the most frequent allele in Chinese was the * 10 allele with a frequency of 51.6%. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of PM alleles, CYP2D6 * 5 and CYP2D6 * 14, were higher; but the frequency of CYP2D6 * 10 was lower in mainland Chinese population than that in other orientals.展开更多
In 2013, the China Geological Survey and Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted the second Chinese gas hydrate expedition in the northern South China Sea （SCS） and successfully obtained visible gas hydrate sam...In 2013, the China Geological Survey and Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted the second Chinese gas hydrate expedition in the northern South China Sea （SCS） and successfully obtained visible gas hydrate samples. Five of the thirteen drilling sites were cored for further research. In this work, Site GMGS2-08 is selected for the stable isotopic analy- sis of foraminifera present in the boreholes in order to reveal the carbon isotopic characteristics of the foraminifera and their response to methane release in the gas hydrate geological system. Our results show that the methane content at Site GMGS2-08 is extremely high, with headspace methane concentrations up to 39300 μmol L^-1. The hydrocarbon δ^13C values, ranging from -69.4%o to -72.3‰ PDB, distinctly indicate biogenic generation. Based on the δD analytical results （-183‰ to -185‰ SMOW）, headspace methane is further discriminated to be microbial gas, derived from CO2 reduction. By isotopic measurement, five light δ^13C events are found in the boreholes from Site GMGS2-08, with foraminiferal δ^13C values being ap- parently lower than the normal variation range found in the glacial-interglacial cycles of the SCS. The δ^13C values of benthic Uvigerina peregrina are extremely depleted （as low as -15.85‰ PDB）, while those of planktonic Globigerinoides ruber reach -5.68‰ PDB. Scanning electron micrograph （SEM） studies show that foraminiferal tests have experienced post-depositional alteration, infilled with authigenic carbonate, and the diagenetic mineralization is unlikely to be related to the burial depths. The correlation calculation suggests that the anaerobic oxidation of organic matter has only weak influences on the δ^13C com- position of benthic foraminifera. This means that the anomalous δ^13C depletions are predominantly attributed to the overprint- ing of secondary carbonates derived from the anaerobic oxidation of methane （AOM）. Furthermore, the negative δ^13C anoma- lies, coupled with the positive δ^18O anomalies observed at Site GMGS2-08, are most likely the critical pieces of evidence for gas hydrate dissociation in the geological history of the study area.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the significant differences in the frequencies of the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) alleles in Chinese popoulations. METHODS: Tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific amplification (ASA) PCR and multiplex long PCR were developed to detect the CYP2D6 alleles * 2, * 3, * 4, * 5, * 6, * 8, * 10 and * 14 in 223 subjects from Chinese mainland. RESULTS: The CYP2D6 * 5 allele was the most frequent poor metabolizer (PM) allele in Chinese (7.2%), followed by CYP2D6 * 14 (2.0%) which was only detected in orientals. There was only 0.2% CYP2D6 * 4, and no CYP2D6 * 3, * 6 and * 8 were detected. In contrast to the Caucasians, the most frequent allele in Chinese was the * 10 allele with a frequency of 51.6%. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of PM alleles, CYP2D6 * 5 and CYP2D6 * 14, were higher; but the frequency of CYP2D6 * 10 was lower in mainland Chinese population than that in other orientals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41372012)the Key Scientific Project from China Geological Survey (Grant No. GZH201100305-06-02)the Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources (Grant No. KLMMR-2013-A-32)
文摘In 2013, the China Geological Survey and Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted the second Chinese gas hydrate expedition in the northern South China Sea （SCS） and successfully obtained visible gas hydrate samples. Five of the thirteen drilling sites were cored for further research. In this work, Site GMGS2-08 is selected for the stable isotopic analy- sis of foraminifera present in the boreholes in order to reveal the carbon isotopic characteristics of the foraminifera and their response to methane release in the gas hydrate geological system. Our results show that the methane content at Site GMGS2-08 is extremely high, with headspace methane concentrations up to 39300 μmol L^-1. The hydrocarbon δ^13C values, ranging from -69.4%o to -72.3‰ PDB, distinctly indicate biogenic generation. Based on the δD analytical results （-183‰ to -185‰ SMOW）, headspace methane is further discriminated to be microbial gas, derived from CO2 reduction. By isotopic measurement, five light δ^13C events are found in the boreholes from Site GMGS2-08, with foraminiferal δ^13C values being ap- parently lower than the normal variation range found in the glacial-interglacial cycles of the SCS. The δ^13C values of benthic Uvigerina peregrina are extremely depleted （as low as -15.85‰ PDB）, while those of planktonic Globigerinoides ruber reach -5.68‰ PDB. Scanning electron micrograph （SEM） studies show that foraminiferal tests have experienced post-depositional alteration, infilled with authigenic carbonate, and the diagenetic mineralization is unlikely to be related to the burial depths. The correlation calculation suggests that the anaerobic oxidation of organic matter has only weak influences on the δ^13C com- position of benthic foraminifera. This means that the anomalous δ^13C depletions are predominantly attributed to the overprint- ing of secondary carbonates derived from the anaerobic oxidation of methane （AOM）. Furthermore, the negative δ^13C anoma- lies, coupled with the positive δ^18O anomalies observed at Site GMGS2-08, are most likely the critical pieces of evidence for gas hydrate dissociation in the geological history of the study area.
