This article aims to discuss the blank spaces in the cartography of the Enlightenment, examining one map by French mapmaker Jean Baptist Bourguignon d＇Anville, the Carte de l＇Amdrique m＆idionale, first printed in 1...This article aims to discuss the blank spaces in the cartography of the Enlightenment, examining one map by French mapmaker Jean Baptist Bourguignon d＇Anville, the Carte de l＇Amdrique m＆idionale, first printed in 1748. Here, emptiness reflects the limits of the geographical knowledge of that continent. Moreover, it also indicates that a mythological geography still present on the maps of the time. This was also evident in the case of Lake Parima, which is represented within the Amazon region. In the first manuscript or print version of the Carte de [＇Amdrique mdridionale in 1748, on sheet l--depicting the Amazonian region--one can see that Lake Parima is not presente. Following the information of the French La Condamine had gathered on his expedition traveling down the Amazon and scorning tradition, d＇Anville did not include Lake Parima but Lake Amucu, placing it not in Guiana, in the Portuguese portion of the territory, below the Orinoco River and to the north of the Amazon. This was due to a manuscript map drawn up by a Prussian whom La Condamine had met during his trip down the Amazon, Nicholas Horstman. In the 1760 version--we see to our surprise that the geographer has included Lake Parima. This article aims to discuss the disappearance of the lake in the first version of the map and why does he then add it in 1760.展开更多
Nowadays,mobile operators in China mainland are facing fierce competition from one to another,and their focus of customer competition has,in general,shifted from public to corporate customers.One big challenge in corp...Nowadays,mobile operators in China mainland are facing fierce competition from one to another,and their focus of customer competition has,in general,shifted from public to corporate customers.One big challenge in corporate customer management is how to identify fake corporate members and potential corporate members from corporate customers.In this study,we have proposed an identification method that combines the rule-based and probabilistic methods.Through this method,fake corporate members can be eliminated and external potential members can be mined.The experimental results based on the data obtained from a local mobile operator revealed that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently identify fake and potential corporate members.The proposed method can be used to improve the management of corporate customers.展开更多
In many parts of the global plates,including subduction zones,mid-ocean ridges and even the interior of the continental plates,seismic anisotropy has a certain correlation with image of absolute plate motion( APM),or ...In many parts of the global plates,including subduction zones,mid-ocean ridges and even the interior of the continental plates,seismic anisotropy has a certain correlation with image of absolute plate motion( APM),or is in accord with the predominant direction of the intraplate stress field. In our study,a statistical analysis is done on the correlations of plate motion with seismic anisotropy as well as a stress field within nine plate boundaries which contain major subduction zones in the globe. Results indicate that absolute or relative plate motion( RPM) controls the seismic anisotropy and stress field of the plate boundary,which is especially obvious for the RPM. It can also be inferred that the correlation of RPM is better than that of APM. Because of the complexity of subduction mechanism and diversity of controlling factors at plate boundaries containing subduction zones,the correlation becomes much complex. Sources of anisotropy at various depths show different characteristics,and stress state is controlled by many factors,thus further discussions on the correlations are required.展开更多
High-pressure mafic granulites, occurring as lenses within gneisses and quartzite in the central segment of the Himalayan orogen, were dated using SHRIMP U-Pb technique. 13 analyses out of a total of 15 are plotted al...High-pressure mafic granulites, occurring as lenses within gneisses and quartzite in the central segment of the Himalayan orogen, were dated using SHRIMP U-Pb technique. 13 analyses out of a total of 15 are plotted along a concordia line and yield a mean 206Pb/238U age of 17.6 0.3 Ma. This age indicates adiabatic decompression and a metamorphic event associated with rapid uplift of granulites in a tectonic environment resulted from the collision between India and Eurasia, synchronous with large-scale thrusting, extension, detachment as well as emplacement of leu-cogranite. One analysis gives a 206Pb/238U age of 29.5 0.4 Ma that is interpreted to represent the timing of the final closure of the Neo-Tethys. Another age is 1991 26 Ma that represents the age of the protolith of the granulites. In sum-mary, dating results show that granulites in this area under-went multiphase metamorphism and complex geological evolution.展开更多
The crustal movements of the Chinese mainland include an average regional movement trend of the mainland and complex local deformations. Thus, both trends in the crustal movement of the mainland and local distortions ...The crustal movements of the Chinese mainland include an average regional movement trend of the mainland and complex local deformations. Thus, both trends in the crustal movement of the mainland and local distortions should be simultaneously taken into consideration in crustal movement estimations. A combined collocation model based on Euler vector (taken as trend parameters) and local distortions (taken as signals) is proposed in this paper. We assume that prior covariance matrices between signals and observations should be consistent with their uncertainties. Otherwise, the station movement estimates provided by the collocation will be distorted. Thus, an adaptive collocation estimator based on simplified Helmert variance components is applied. This means that the contributions of signals and observations to estimates of crustal movements are balanced and reasonable, and consistent covariance matrices of the signals and observations are achieved through the adjustment of the adaptive factor. The calculation of actual horizontal movements of the Chinese crust shows that the estimates of horizontal crustal movement velocities are made more accurate by the adaptive collocation model.展开更多
Near-inertial motion is an important dynamic process in the upper ocean and plays a significant role in mass, heat, and energy transport across the thermocline. In this study, the dissipation of wind-induced near-iner...Near-inertial motion is an important dynamic process in the upper ocean and plays a significant role in mass, heat, and energy transport across the thermocline. In this study, the dissipation of wind-induced near-inertial energy in the thermocline is investigated by using observation data collected in July and August 2005 during the tropical storm Washi by a moored system at(19°35′N, 112°E) in the continental shelf region off Hainan Island. In the observation period, the near-inertial part dominated the observed ocean kinetic energy and about 80% of the near-inertial energy dissipated in the upper layer. Extremely strong turbulent mixing induced by near-inertial wave was observed in the thermocline, where the turbulent energy dissipation rate increased by two orders of magnitude above the background level. It is found that the energy loss of near-inertial waves in the thermocline is mainly in the large-scales. This is different from the previous hypothesis based on "Kolmogorov cascade" turbulence theory that the kinetic energy is dissipated mainly by small-scale motions.展开更多
文摘This article aims to discuss the blank spaces in the cartography of the Enlightenment, examining one map by French mapmaker Jean Baptist Bourguignon d＇Anville, the Carte de l＇Amdrique m＆idionale, first printed in 1748. Here, emptiness reflects the limits of the geographical knowledge of that continent. Moreover, it also indicates that a mythological geography still present on the maps of the time. This was also evident in the case of Lake Parima, which is represented within the Amazon region. In the first manuscript or print version of the Carte de [＇Amdrique mdridionale in 1748, on sheet l--depicting the Amazonian region--one can see that Lake Parima is not presente. Following the information of the French La Condamine had gathered on his expedition traveling down the Amazon and scorning tradition, d＇Anville did not include Lake Parima but Lake Amucu, placing it not in Guiana, in the Portuguese portion of the territory, below the Orinoco River and to the north of the Amazon. This was due to a manuscript map drawn up by a Prussian whom La Condamine had met during his trip down the Amazon, Nicholas Horstman. In the 1760 version--we see to our surprise that the geographer has included Lake Parima. This article aims to discuss the disappearance of the lake in the first version of the map and why does he then add it in 1760.
基金supported by the Youth Research and Innovation Program in Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grants No. 2012RC1006,No. 2012RC1008the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2012CB315805and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71172135
文摘Nowadays,mobile operators in China mainland are facing fierce competition from one to another,and their focus of customer competition has,in general,shifted from public to corporate customers.One big challenge in corporate customer management is how to identify fake corporate members and potential corporate members from corporate customers.In this study,we have proposed an identification method that combines the rule-based and probabilistic methods.Through this method,fake corporate members can be eliminated and external potential members can be mined.The experimental results based on the data obtained from a local mobile operator revealed that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently identify fake and potential corporate members.The proposed method can be used to improve the management of corporate customers.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41174084)
文摘In many parts of the global plates,including subduction zones,mid-ocean ridges and even the interior of the continental plates,seismic anisotropy has a certain correlation with image of absolute plate motion( APM),or is in accord with the predominant direction of the intraplate stress field. In our study,a statistical analysis is done on the correlations of plate motion with seismic anisotropy as well as a stress field within nine plate boundaries which contain major subduction zones in the globe. Results indicate that absolute or relative plate motion( RPM) controls the seismic anisotropy and stress field of the plate boundary,which is especially obvious for the RPM. It can also be inferred that the correlation of RPM is better than that of APM. Because of the complexity of subduction mechanism and diversity of controlling factors at plate boundaries containing subduction zones,the correlation becomes much complex. Sources of anisotropy at various depths show different characteristics,and stress state is controlled by many factors,thus further discussions on the correlations are required.
基金supported by the Geological Survey Program with a Scale of 1:250000 in the Unmapped Area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,the China Bureau of Geological Survey
文摘High-pressure mafic granulites, occurring as lenses within gneisses and quartzite in the central segment of the Himalayan orogen, were dated using SHRIMP U-Pb technique. 13 analyses out of a total of 15 are plotted along a concordia line and yield a mean 206Pb/238U age of 17.6 0.3 Ma. This age indicates adiabatic decompression and a metamorphic event associated with rapid uplift of granulites in a tectonic environment resulted from the collision between India and Eurasia, synchronous with large-scale thrusting, extension, detachment as well as emplacement of leu-cogranite. One analysis gives a 206Pb/238U age of 29.5 0.4 Ma that is interpreted to represent the timing of the final closure of the Neo-Tethys. Another age is 1991 26 Ma that represents the age of the protolith of the granulites. In sum-mary, dating results show that granulites in this area under-went multiphase metamorphism and complex geological evolution.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41020144004 and 41004013)
文摘The crustal movements of the Chinese mainland include an average regional movement trend of the mainland and complex local deformations. Thus, both trends in the crustal movement of the mainland and local distortions should be simultaneously taken into consideration in crustal movement estimations. A combined collocation model based on Euler vector (taken as trend parameters) and local distortions (taken as signals) is proposed in this paper. We assume that prior covariance matrices between signals and observations should be consistent with their uncertainties. Otherwise, the station movement estimates provided by the collocation will be distorted. Thus, an adaptive collocation estimator based on simplified Helmert variance components is applied. This means that the contributions of signals and observations to estimates of crustal movements are balanced and reasonable, and consistent covariance matrices of the signals and observations are achieved through the adjustment of the adaptive factor. The calculation of actual horizontal movements of the Chinese crust shows that the estimates of horizontal crustal movement velocities are made more accurate by the adaptive collocation model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41176011, U1133001, U0933001)Guangdong University Pearl River Scholar Bonus Schemes (Grant No. GDUPS-2010)
文摘Near-inertial motion is an important dynamic process in the upper ocean and plays a significant role in mass, heat, and energy transport across the thermocline. In this study, the dissipation of wind-induced near-inertial energy in the thermocline is investigated by using observation data collected in July and August 2005 during the tropical storm Washi by a moored system at(19°35′N, 112°E) in the continental shelf region off Hainan Island. In the observation period, the near-inertial part dominated the observed ocean kinetic energy and about 80% of the near-inertial energy dissipated in the upper layer. Extremely strong turbulent mixing induced by near-inertial wave was observed in the thermocline, where the turbulent energy dissipation rate increased by two orders of magnitude above the background level. It is found that the energy loss of near-inertial waves in the thermocline is mainly in the large-scales. This is different from the previous hypothesis based on "Kolmogorov cascade" turbulence theory that the kinetic energy is dissipated mainly by small-scale motions.
