文章通过对十年前的 ATP 排名与现在的 ATP 排名做对比,通过相关调查和研究,得出现今男子职业网球的大龄化的结论,并以费德勒为例分析这种现象产生的原因。费德勒 1998 年转为职业选手后职业生涯一直延续至今,有辉煌有低谷,而他在低谷...文章通过对十年前的 ATP 排名与现在的 ATP 排名做对比,通过相关调查和研究,得出现今男子职业网球的大龄化的结论,并以费德勒为例分析这种现象产生的原因。费德勒 1998 年转为职业选手后职业生涯一直延续至今,有辉煌有低谷,而他在低谷后通过种种改变延长了自己的职业生涯,令自己重回巅峰。展开更多
Taiwan had officially entered aging society in 1993, and meantime the birthrate reaches its lowest point again and again. The constitution of population dramatically turns into an elder and low-birthrate society. Ther...Taiwan had officially entered aging society in 1993, and meantime the birthrate reaches its lowest point again and again. The constitution of population dramatically turns into an elder and low-birthrate society. Therefore, the ratio of elders living along is increasing yearly. When the elders need to deal the illness and go to hospital along, decays come from degeneration might have affect on their activity in accessible environment in hospital. Signs is a vital tool for delivering and communicating information in the road sign system. Whether the elders can identify the signs in hospital clearly becomes an important issue in the current research. To understand the affect of signs design in hospital to elders, the research reviewed and gained insight of degeneration in both physical and psychological of elders and the proper principal of signs design for elders. The research surveys in Taipei City, which has densest medical center, and mainly focus on National Taiwan University College of Medicine, which has hundred years of history （founded in 1895）. The research conducts field survey in both old and new buildings of National Taiwan University College of Medicine in August, 2015. The survey includes five types of signs design： Public Facilities, Prohibition, Safety, Warning, and Commercial Facilities. The result from article review indicates the most salient psychological degenerations includes the change in cognitive function, decay of memory, and deceleration of information processing; physical degenerations includes the decay of vision. As a result, the following properties should be taken into consideration when designing sings for elders： （1） The proper ratio of graphic and text. （2） Avoid using colors or matches difficult to identify by elders, like purple, blue, and green. （3） Take the visibility, legibility, identity, attention, and memory into consideration, there should be 70% differentiation in contrast between text of sign and background. （4） Avoid using multi-meaning graphic, keep the design simple. The result from the survey of National Yaiwan University College of Medicine indicates： （1） Using mainly on graphic and text as subsidiary, part of the sign design using both Chinese and English, and make sure the appropriateness of ratio between graphic and text. Use more of sans-serif font, which has better legibility. （2） Match the color mainly as yellow background with black graphic, blue background with white graphic, white background with black graphic, white background with blue graphic, a strong contrast between background and graphic on brightness and chroma matches the principle of visibility, legibility, and identity. （3） Simplify the signs design may safeguard its visibility. When elder need to handle illness comes from degeneration alone and go to large and complex hospitals frequently, the decay of their mental and physical might have a huge negative affect. Therefore, the signs design in hospital should understand their properties and design signs that match their requirement, to safeguard their live independency.展开更多
At present, the world＇s aging population is developing at an unprecedented rate, how to deal with the community service for the elderly has become a top priority. For it not only relates to the community＇s harmony b...At present, the world＇s aging population is developing at an unprecedented rate, how to deal with the community service for the elderly has become a top priority. For it not only relates to the community＇s harmony but also to the whole social＇s stability. This paper summarized some experiences and practices from some typical foreign countries on their community endowment, such as the British community care model, the Japan＇s aged care at home, the PACE mode of United States, the Germany＇s long-term care services, the Australian＇s old-age community security. On the basis of a comparative analysis, this paper concluded some experience and enlightenment of serving the old in abroad urban community, this include： Give full play to the function and role of the community in the pension, take law as safeguard on the implementation of community endowment, professional services, government-led and multiple subject participation, provide comprehensive and diversified service, etc. Combined with China＇s national conditions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions in the end to further perfect China＇s elderly community service.展开更多
Japan＇s aging rate has exceeded 26%, ahead of any other country in the world. Aging is progressing rapidly in both rural and urban areas. Recently, super-aging in old suburbs is remarkable. Recently, Japanese old sub...Japan＇s aging rate has exceeded 26%, ahead of any other country in the world. Aging is progressing rapidly in both rural and urban areas. Recently, super-aging in old suburbs is remarkable. Recently, Japanese old suburban housing estates are declining. They are facing several serious problems. Most serious problems are aging of residents and decreasing population, and these are caused by long-term dwelling. Because many Japanese think that ＂Japanese Dream＂ is occupancy of detached house in suburb. Japanese suburban residents tend to stay after child rearing. And another severe problem is the increasing vacant houses. In this study, the authors try to clarify the conditions of shrinking suburbs in Japanese cities and will introduce some activities for revitalization in suburbs. As for aging of suburban residents, in old housing estates, the first generation of migrants grew older and continued to live in their own house in suburban areas. Furthermore, their children grew up and moved out. These are caused by the failure of town planning, which supplied the same type of houses in short term. Furthermore, increases in vacant houses are seen throughout every old suburban housing estate, and it induces new uneasiness and social troubles and drop in housing price.展开更多
文摘Taiwan had officially entered aging society in 1993, and meantime the birthrate reaches its lowest point again and again. The constitution of population dramatically turns into an elder and low-birthrate society. Therefore, the ratio of elders living along is increasing yearly. When the elders need to deal the illness and go to hospital along, decays come from degeneration might have affect on their activity in accessible environment in hospital. Signs is a vital tool for delivering and communicating information in the road sign system. Whether the elders can identify the signs in hospital clearly becomes an important issue in the current research. To understand the affect of signs design in hospital to elders, the research reviewed and gained insight of degeneration in both physical and psychological of elders and the proper principal of signs design for elders. The research surveys in Taipei City, which has densest medical center, and mainly focus on National Taiwan University College of Medicine, which has hundred years of history （founded in 1895）. The research conducts field survey in both old and new buildings of National Taiwan University College of Medicine in August, 2015. The survey includes five types of signs design： Public Facilities, Prohibition, Safety, Warning, and Commercial Facilities. The result from article review indicates the most salient psychological degenerations includes the change in cognitive function, decay of memory, and deceleration of information processing; physical degenerations includes the decay of vision. As a result, the following properties should be taken into consideration when designing sings for elders： （1） The proper ratio of graphic and text. （2） Avoid using colors or matches difficult to identify by elders, like purple, blue, and green. （3） Take the visibility, legibility, identity, attention, and memory into consideration, there should be 70% differentiation in contrast between text of sign and background. （4） Avoid using multi-meaning graphic, keep the design simple. The result from the survey of National Yaiwan University College of Medicine indicates： （1） Using mainly on graphic and text as subsidiary, part of the sign design using both Chinese and English, and make sure the appropriateness of ratio between graphic and text. Use more of sans-serif font, which has better legibility. （2） Match the color mainly as yellow background with black graphic, blue background with white graphic, white background with black graphic, white background with blue graphic, a strong contrast between background and graphic on brightness and chroma matches the principle of visibility, legibility, and identity. （3） Simplify the signs design may safeguard its visibility. When elder need to handle illness comes from degeneration alone and go to large and complex hospitals frequently, the decay of their mental and physical might have a huge negative affect. Therefore, the signs design in hospital should understand their properties and design signs that match their requirement, to safeguard their live independency.
文摘At present, the world＇s aging population is developing at an unprecedented rate, how to deal with the community service for the elderly has become a top priority. For it not only relates to the community＇s harmony but also to the whole social＇s stability. This paper summarized some experiences and practices from some typical foreign countries on their community endowment, such as the British community care model, the Japan＇s aged care at home, the PACE mode of United States, the Germany＇s long-term care services, the Australian＇s old-age community security. On the basis of a comparative analysis, this paper concluded some experience and enlightenment of serving the old in abroad urban community, this include： Give full play to the function and role of the community in the pension, take law as safeguard on the implementation of community endowment, professional services, government-led and multiple subject participation, provide comprehensive and diversified service, etc. Combined with China＇s national conditions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions in the end to further perfect China＇s elderly community service.
文摘Japan＇s aging rate has exceeded 26%, ahead of any other country in the world. Aging is progressing rapidly in both rural and urban areas. Recently, super-aging in old suburbs is remarkable. Recently, Japanese old suburban housing estates are declining. They are facing several serious problems. Most serious problems are aging of residents and decreasing population, and these are caused by long-term dwelling. Because many Japanese think that ＂Japanese Dream＂ is occupancy of detached house in suburb. Japanese suburban residents tend to stay after child rearing. And another severe problem is the increasing vacant houses. In this study, the authors try to clarify the conditions of shrinking suburbs in Japanese cities and will introduce some activities for revitalization in suburbs. As for aging of suburban residents, in old housing estates, the first generation of migrants grew older and continued to live in their own house in suburban areas. Furthermore, their children grew up and moved out. These are caused by the failure of town planning, which supplied the same type of houses in short term. Furthermore, increases in vacant houses are seen throughout every old suburban housing estate, and it induces new uneasiness and social troubles and drop in housing price.
