雷管断别对露天台阶爆破地震效应的影响研究

毫秒延期爆破所选雷管的精度直接影响爆破网络的设计和分段间隔的选取,这是影响爆破质量和爆破地震效应的主要因素之一,对于普通毫秒延期雷管,雷管段别又直接影响到雷管精度的。基于此本文就雷管段别对地震效应的影响进行了深入研究,研究表明对于多段毫秒延期爆破,最大段药量发并不预示着一定产生最大振动速度。基于我国大多数矿山及各类爆破工程基本采用普通毫秒延期雷管这一事实,此现象预示着目前我国爆破安全规程中,以最大药量计算和安全校核爆破最大振动速度是偏于保守的。通过对不同段别毫秒延期雷管地震效应的研究,得到适合黑山铁矿爆破条件,具有良好爆破效果和一定降振效果的雷管为第6～10段,最佳段别第7段毫秒延期雷管。

Comparison of vibrations induced by excavation of deep-buried cavern and open pit with method of bench blasting

The measured data of vibrations induced by excavation of deep-buried cavern and open pit with method of bench blasting were analyzed by Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform,and the characteristics of vibrations induced under these two circumstances were studied.It is concluded that with the similar rock condition and drilling-blasting parameters,vibration induced by bench blasting in deep-buried cavern has a higher main frequency and more scattered energy distribution than that in open pit.The vibration induced by bench blasting in open pit is mainly originated from the blast load,while the vibration induced by bench blasting in deep-buried cavern is the superposition of vibrations induced by blast load and transient release of in-situ stress.The vibration induced by transient release of in-situ stress increases with the stress level.