复古与革新的错位:对北宋天地分祭与合祭之争的再探讨

祭祀天地是中国古代帝王的特权与神圣义务。北宋时期,宋神宗熙丰变法时期对礼制的改革,引发了关于郊祀礼的激烈争论,争论的焦点是天地应该分祭还是合祭。伴随着北宋中后期最高当权者的更迭和新旧党争的形势变化,这场争论也不断反复。在这个过程中,以恢复古礼相标榜而主张天地分祭的许多新党,表现为食古不化的保守,而以适应宋朝现实为依据,主张实行天地合祭的许多旧党,却表现出与时俱进的革新精神。由于时代变迁、财力的局限和皇帝事务的繁忙,按照古礼恢复天地分祭的主张已难于实行,天地合祭,皇帝每三年亲祀一次,遂成为宋朝郊祀礼的主流。宋人对天地分祭与合祭的争论既是礼制、学术之争,更牵涉北宋中后期的党争,从一个侧面彰显了宋朝士大夫政治的时代特色。

藏族《世界形成歌》(部分)的原型结构解析

本文就藏族《世界形成歌》选择部分进行尝试性的原型批评。问:“最初斯巴形成时, 天地混合在一起, 请问谁把天地分? 最初斯巴形成时, 阴阳混合在一起, 请问谁把阴阳分?答兼问:“最初斯巴形成时,天地混合在一起,分开天地是大鹏,大鹏头上有什么?最初天地形成时,阴阳混合在一起,

中阿史话

长安的大食遣唐使中阿人民之间的友好关系,历史悠久,源远流长。唐代是这两个当时世界上最大帝国间,经济、文化相互交流的鼎盛时期。在唐王朝统治的二百多年里,阿拉伯帝国遣使入华见于正式记载者就达37次之多,而且,在安史之乱时,还曾有一支阿拉伯帝国的军队入华,协助唐军平定叛乱。到了晚唐,仅留居长安的阿拉伯人就达4千之多,并留下了许多佳话。

浙江平湖太保书记略

“混沌初开天地分,盘古王制立乾坤”,这是流传在吴越地区(今浙江平湖、嘉兴及上海市郊松江、金山)一带农村一种较为古老的请神、祭神仪式与民间宗教仪式紧密结合的说唱活动“太保书”的开场白。主持“太保书”活动的宗教职业者被称为“太保先生”。“太保”过去曾有一种说法。

显广西之特色 卷改革之风云《广西党校学报》向您致意!

《广西党校学报》是反映各级党政干部、理论工作者和党校师生教学和科研成果的学术理论刊物(双月刊)。其宗旨是:以党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线为指南,按照实践是检验真理的唯一标准的要求,坚持理论联系实际, '百花齐放,百家争鸣'的方针,积极宣传马克思主义基本理论和党的力针、政策。

近代周口婚俗考略

周口,古名周家口。是明、清两朝时期的商业城镇,因水陆交通方便,商业繁荣昌盛,被誉为河南"四大名镇"之一,素有"小武汉"之称。据清乾隆十二年版《商水县志》记,当时的周家口"三面夹河,舟车辐辏,烟火万家,樯桅树密,水陆交汇之乡,财货堆积之薮,南接楚越,北通燕赵,西连秦晋,

Supplementary description of a female and two newly-recorded species in the subfamily Oedemerinae(Coleoptera:Oedemeridae) from China

The female ofDiplectrus bistigmaeus Zhang, Ren et Ba, 2012 from Xizang was newly reported and supplementarily described. Two species of Oedemerinae were reported for the first time from China： Nacerdes （Xanthochroa） brendelli Svihla, 1987 and N. （Asiochroa） mimoncomeroides Svihla, 1998. The potential geographical distribution of these two species based on the known distribution was predicted by DIVA-GIS software.

Relocation of the M_S≥2.0 Earthquakes in the Northern Tianshan Region, Xinjiang, Using the Double-Difference Earthquake Relocation Algorithm

We applied the double-difference earthquake rdocation algorithm to 1348 earthquakes with Ms ≥2.0 that occurred in the northern Tianshan region, Xinjiang, from April 1988 to June 2003, using a total of 28701 P- and S-wave arrival times recorded by 32 seismic stations in Xinjiang. Aiming to obtain most of these Ms ≥ 2.0 earthquakes relocations, and considering the requirements of the DD method and the condition of data, we added the travel time data of another 437 earthquakes with 1.5 ≤ Ms 〈 2.0. Finally, we obtained the relocation results for 1253 earthquakes with Ms ≥2.0, which account for 93 % of all the 1348 earthquakes with Ms ≥ 2.0 and includes all the Ms ≥ 3.0 earthquakes. The reason for not relocating the 95 earthquakes with 2.0 ≤ Ms 〈 3.0 is analyzed in the paper. After relocation, the RMS residual decreased from 0.83s to 0.14s, the average error is 0.993 km in E-W direction, 1.10 km in N- S direction, and 1.33 km in vertical direction. The hypocenter depths are more convergent than before and distributed from 5 km to 35 kin, with 94% being from 5km to 35 kin, 68.2% from 10 km to 25 kin. The average hypocenter depth is 19 kin.

Notes on the genera Anaesthetobrium Pic and Microestola Gressitt(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae:Lamiinae)

This paper deals with the genera Anaesthetobrium Pic,1923 and Microestola Gressitt,1940 belonging to the tribe Desmiphorini.Microestola Gressitt,1940 is reinstated from synonyms of Cylindilla Bates,1884.Two new synonyms are proposed:Eunidiopsis Breuning,1939 syn.nov.=Anaesthetobrium Pic,1923 and Mimopothyne Breuning,1956 syn.nov.=Microestola Gressitt,1940.Two new combinations are made:Anaesthetobrium bicolor(Breuning,1939)comb.nov.previously in genus Eunidiopsis Breuning,1939,and Microestola flavolineata(Breuning,1956)comb.nov.previously in genus Mimopothyne Breuning,1956.

THE IMPACT OF PRECEDING ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND SST VARIATION ON FLOOD SEASON RAINFALL IN YUNNAN

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and scale range of two significant areas were obtained by analyzing the relationship among summer rainfall in Yunnan province, height field and SST field (40°S – 40°N, 30 °E – 70°W) across the North Hemisphere at 200 hPa, 500 hPa and 850 hPa for Jan. to May and correlation, and field wave structure. Remote key regions among summer rainfall in Yunnan province, height field and SST field (40°S – 40°N, 30°E – 70°W) across the North Hemisphere at 200 hPa, 500 hPa and 850 hPa were studied through further analyzing of the circulation system and its climate / weather significance. The result shows that the forecast has dependable physical basis when height and SST fields were viewed as predictors and physical models of impacts on rainy season precipitation in Yunnan are preliminarily concluded.

Change in Fresh Snow Density in Tianshan Mountains,China

The fresh snow density was observed with snow analyzer (Snow Fork) at Tianshan Station for Snowcover and Avalanche Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences from February 21 to March 5, 2009. Results show that fresh snow density increases from the 5th h to the 291st h after the snowfall, with an average rate of increase of 4.0×10-4 g/(cm3·h) (R2 = 0.943). Analysis shows that fresh snow density is negatively correlated with the compac-tion rate of fresh snow (R2 = -0.960). Inversely, it is positively correlated with fresh snow viscosity (R2 = 0.896). In relation to meteorological factors, ground temperature rising at a depth of 40 cm is the major driving factor of snow density increase. The temperature increase in fresh snow layer and the decrease in depth hoar layer have the most prominent impacts on the snow density increase in the afternoon. Principal component analysis shows that the de-terminant factors of fresh snow density change can be grouped into 3 types as follows: 1) dynamic factor contributes about 69.71% to fresh snow density change, with a significant effect from the 5th h to the 106th h after the snowfall; 2) exogenous energy factor contributes about 20.91% to it, with a significant effect at the 130th h; and c) endoge-nous energy factor contributes about 9.38% to it, with a significant effect at the 130th h and the 195th h.

Characteristics of breccia lava reservoirs and analysis of their dominant factors: case study of the Xushen gas field located in the Songliao Basin

Breccia lava is a type of rock in transition between volcanic clastic rock and lava. Its physical properties are compara-tively special, while the nature of its genesis and the formation of reservoirs, deposits and concentrations vary considerably. In order to discover the different genesis for breccia lava reservoirs, our study has been carried out on breccia lava for its rock constituents, structures, diagenesis and reconstruction from tectonic movements to mineral depositions. From our analysis, we conclude that the main type of reservoir is a secondary emposieu, where rock compositions, structures, diagenesis and tectonic action are the major contributing factors to the deposition of breccia lava and its properties. Diagenesis constrained the extent of conservation of the primary pore of breccia lava and produced secondary porosity. The roles of tectonics were played out through the formation controlling tectonic fissures inside breccia lava and affected the impermeability of breccia lava fluids. The constituents of lava rock determine directly the type of diagenesis and its response to tectonic action. At the time of appropriate rock composition and structures, constructive formation occurred to breccia lava. Breccia lava also responded proactively to tectonic movements, forming the best quality collective reservoir agglomerations of vast spaces and strong permeability.

Study on Self-Affine Fractal and Multi-Fractal Features of Geomorphic System in the Tianshan Area of Xinjiang Region, China

In this paper, we use the standard deviation method and the fixed mass method to study the self affine fractal and multi fractal features along two topographic profiles across different tectonic geomorphic elements in the Tianshan area of Xinjiang region, China. The results show that in the studied scaling range, the two profiles display different scaling fractal features, and the form and value range of multi fractal spectra D q also show different characteristics. The study suggests that the landforms are not completely random, but are deterministically random. The fractal dimension values in different scaling ranges express the mode, intensity and spatial dimension of the endogenic and exogenic processes. Meanwhile, a boundary point between the macroscopic and microscopic scales of geomorphic process is suggested to be about 5 km. These results are of significance in quantitative study of geomorphic dynamics.

Urban Expansion and Its Influencing Factors in Natural Wetland Distribution Area in Fuzhou City,China

This paper principally focuses on land use dynamics,urban expansion and underlying driving forces in the Natural Wetland Distribution Area(NWDA)of Fuzhou City in the southeastern China.Based on time series Landsat TM/ETM+imageries and historical data,relationships between urban land expansion and its influencing factors from 1989 to 2009 were analyzed by using an integrated approach of remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques.The results showed that built-up land increased from 151.16 km2in 1989 to 383.76 km 2in 2009. Approximately 64.25%of the newly emerging built-up land was converted from cropland(29.47%),forest and shrub (25.78%),water(3.73%),wetland(4.61%),and bare land(0.66%)during 1989 and 2009.With a remarkable decrease in cropland,the proportion of non-agricultural population increased by 23.6%.Moreover,rapid development of infrastructures,facilities,industrial parks,and urban and rural settlements along the Minjiang River resulted in the eastward and southward expansion of built-up land.Additionally,the growth pattern of built-up land in the NWDA is highly correlated with socio-economic factors,including the gross domestic product(GDP),GDP per capita,and structure of industry.As a result,the observed environmental degradation such as loss of cropland and wetland due to heavy pressure of rapid urbanization have greatly impaired the carrying capacity of city.Thus,in addition to scientific and rational policies towards minimizing the adverse effects of urbanization,coordination between the administrative agencies should be urgently strengthened to balance the conflicts between urban development and ecological conservation to make sure the sustainable land use.

Determination and stability analysis of ultimate open-pit slope under geomechanical uncertainty

In open-pit mines,pit slope as one of the important parameters affects the mine economy and total minable reserve,and it is also affected by different uncertainties which arising from many sources.One of the most critical sources of uncertainty effects on the pit slope design is rock mass geomechanical properties.By comparing the probability of failure resulted from deterministic procedure and probabilistic one,this paper investigated the effects of aforesaid uncertainties on open-pit slope stability in metal mines.In this way,to reduce the effect of variance,it implemented Latin Hypercube Sampling(LHS)technique.Furthermore,a hypothesis test was exerted to compare the effects on two cases in Middle East.Subsequently,the investigation approved high influence of geomechanical uncertainties on overall pit steepness and stability in both iron and copper mines,though on the first case the effects were just over.

南北N6 ERP签约辽宁兴业外贸总公司

日前,北京南北天地科技有限公司大连分公司又传捷报,南北公司凭借扎实的行业信息化功底顺利通过多轮竞标后,辽宁兴业外贸总公司与北京南北天地科技有限公司正式签约。

Analysis of the formation ofNi Zan＇s landscape painting style --Taking ＂Map of a fishing village in an autumn sunny day after the rain＂ as an example

The paintings in the Yuan Dynasty, because oft.heir unique characteristics of the times, have made a deep and superexcellent track in the history of the Chinese painting, among which the literati landscape paintings represented the subject of the paintings in the Yuan Dynasty. And in the literati paintings, Ni Zan＇s paintings are the most representative. The application of the pen and ink in his works is concise and thinly scattered, and the artistic conception is cold and desolate. In this paper, with ＂Map of a fishing village in an autumn sunny day after the rain＂ as an example, the author analyzes Ni Zan＇s painting style and the causes of its formation.

Provenance of the lower Es2 in the Shanghe area of the Huimin sag

The provenance of the lower Es2 in the Shanghe area was determined from an approach incorporating analysis, elemental ratios,paleocurrent direction,the typomorphic characteristics of detritus and the distribution of conglomerate and gritstone in the peripheral basin.Typical elemental ratios characteristic of the sedimentary area were compared with those from the source areas as abstracted from sediments of the Huimin sag using cluster analysis.The results show that the distribution pattern focuses on Mg/Mn,Fe/K,Al/Na,Ba/Mn and Al/Mg.Mg/Mn is the highest ratio,from 25 to 45.This is similar to the pattern from the Precambrian.Furthermore,paleocurrent direction was used to determine provenance by examining the distribution of gritstone and the seismic progradational reflections.The research results indicate that the provenance is to the northwest in the Precambrian strata where the sand grain size is rough.To the east there is siltstone,fine sandstone and mudstone.This is significant for the exploration of oil and gas within the study area.

A Statistical Analysis on Recent Tidal Triggering of the Earthquake in the Tianshan Seismic Zone

A statistical analysis is done to study the spatio-temporai features of earthquake activity in the Tianshan seismic belt triggered by tide, based on Schuster＇s test. The data we choose is the ML ≥2. 0 earthquakes from January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2012 in eastern Tianshan, and the calculation is on tidal body stress. The results show that the p-value based on the time window smoothing of Schuster＇s test corresponds better with the strong earthquakes in the Tianshan seismic belt, especially for a long time before the November 1, 2011 Nilka Ms6. 0 earthquake, when the p-value of the Schuster＇s test was always lower than the threshold of 0. 05 for tidal trigger of earthquake, but after the Niika Ms6. 0 earthquake, that value was quickly restored to a high level, which reflects a close relationship between the Nilka Ms6. 0 earthquake and the Earth tide. According to the p-value based on the spatial window smoothing of Schuster＇s test, the Nilka Ms6. 0 earthquake was at or near the tidal triggering area. Thus we can see from the spatio-temporal results that the Nilka Ms6. 0 earthquake was obviously triggered by Earth fide.