The article deals with the scientists in the Ottoman Empire. The readers will get interesting information about the life and practices of those who dedicated their whole life to the development of science, such as Ott...The article deals with the scientists in the Ottoman Empire. The readers will get interesting information about the life and practices of those who dedicated their whole life to the development of science, such as Ottoman mathematicians and astronomer Rumi Kadizade from Bursa, Ali Kushchu, Mirim Chalabi, Takiyuddin Bin Maruf-i, Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi, Hoca Ishak Efendi, and Huseyin Tevfik Pasha.展开更多
It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest sc...It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest scientific heritage, represented by the so-called golden age of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius, Ⅲ-Ⅱ century BC. Well, it is believed that with our complex concept of tradition of thought within which we insert not only epistemological concepts but also philosophical principles, historical and social frameworks, in stasis or in strong movement, processed by us, it is possible better interpret that happy moment of scientific constructions of the third and second century BC, as a result of the valorization of the deep travail and serious battle that preceded it between the fourth and fifth century BC. It is investigated in particular in our paper the development of astronomical thought between the fifth and fourth centuries BC, in the ancient Greek thought, and at last a particular presumed criticism by Archimedes in his Sandreckoner to Aristarchus.展开更多
The scientific proof is the highest type of the rational proof. The mankind is looking for the best technology of the reasonable demonstration. What is a proof？. What is a scientific proof？. Philosophical investigat...The scientific proof is the highest type of the rational proof. The mankind is looking for the best technology of the reasonable demonstration. What is a proof？. What is a scientific proof？. Philosophical investigations of proofs have the long history. Philosophy is exploring physics, mathematics, astronomy, biology, history, and so on. Science demands strict proofs. Science uses the specific methods as the optimum technologies for the achievement of the truth. Strictness of the proof depends on the aim algorithm： the distribution of the functions between parts of the proof. The beginning stage, the middle parts, and the ending stage are the unit of the proof. Philosophy can make the correct model of the scientific proof only! Science and its methodology develop and the growth of knowledge has not the finish. The rational ideals improve continually. Science is looking for the criterion of the demonstrative strictness. The adaptation algorithm of the scientific method is the best technology for the achievement of the truth.展开更多
The ancient idea of Heavenly Punishment confused natural phenomena with social issues,which resulted in Zhang Heng’s tragedy in his later years and seismoscope. The instrument might have been lost in the end of the E...The ancient idea of Heavenly Punishment confused natural phenomena with social issues,which resulted in Zhang Heng’s tragedy in his later years and seismoscope. The instrument might have been lost in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. A series of extremely serious chaotic social events caused by war took place,such as a fire in Luoyang,forging coins by destroying copper wares,relocation of the capital,sharp population decrease,and the destruction of the Ling Observatory. Zhang’s scientific thought and successful practice had played an important role in ideological enlightenments at the primary stage of modern seismology at the end of the nineteenth century. There is a glorious course of"innovation—inheritance—re-innovation"of scientific and technical development from the inception Zhang Heng’s seismoscope to the modern seismograph invented by Milne,et al.展开更多
We present two efficient approaches,namely the epoch-differenced(ED) and satellite-and epoch-differenced(SDED) approaches,for the estimation of IFCBs of the two Block IIF satellites.For the analysis,data from 18 stati...We present two efficient approaches,namely the epoch-differenced(ED) and satellite-and epoch-differenced(SDED) approaches,for the estimation of IFCBs of the two Block IIF satellites.For the analysis,data from 18 stations from the IGS network spanning 96 d is processed.Results show that the IFCBs of PRN25 and PRN01 exhibit periodical signal of one orbit revolution with a magnitude up to 18 cm.The periodical variation of the IFCBs is modeled by a sinusoidal function of the included angle between the sun,earth and the satellite.The presented model enables a consistent use of L1/L2 clock products in L1/L5-based positioning.The algorithm is incorporated into the MGPSS software at SHAO(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences) and is used to monitor the IFCB variation in near real-time.展开更多
THE UNITED STATES U.S.scientists announce on February 11 that they have detected the existence of gravitational waves through the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory in Livingston,Louisiana（pictured ab...THE UNITED STATES U.S.scientists announce on February 11 that they have detected the existence of gravitational waves through the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory in Livingston,Louisiana（pictured above）.展开更多
The CCD photometric observation of comet 103P/Hartley 2 with broadband optical filters was carried out at Xuyi Station of Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences by use of Near Earth Object Telescope ...The CCD photometric observation of comet 103P/Hartley 2 with broadband optical filters was carried out at Xuyi Station of Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences by use of Near Earth Object Telescope （NEOT）. We monitored the comet from September 30 to November 4, 2010 and investigated the variation of activities. The Afp parameter derived from our r broadband data varies from 46.0 to 126.0 cm and increases with time. The dust production rate in terms of Afp was measured and a tentative calculation of the dust （or gas） loss-rate of nucleus was executed under the assumption that the nucleus of comet 103P/l-lartley 2 is spherical. The r-band image and the surface brightness profile taken on September 30, 2010 was measured and the gradient of surface brightness profile of 103P/Hartley 2 showed m 〈 -1.5,展开更多
文摘The article deals with the scientists in the Ottoman Empire. The readers will get interesting information about the life and practices of those who dedicated their whole life to the development of science, such as Ottoman mathematicians and astronomer Rumi Kadizade from Bursa, Ali Kushchu, Mirim Chalabi, Takiyuddin Bin Maruf-i, Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi, Hoca Ishak Efendi, and Huseyin Tevfik Pasha.
文摘It is argued that it has not yet been able to value the historical, philosophical and epistemological travail, represented by the filth and fourth centuries BC of the ancient Greek world, which preceded the highest scientific heritage, represented by the so-called golden age of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius, Ⅲ-Ⅱ century BC. Well, it is believed that with our complex concept of tradition of thought within which we insert not only epistemological concepts but also philosophical principles, historical and social frameworks, in stasis or in strong movement, processed by us, it is possible better interpret that happy moment of scientific constructions of the third and second century BC, as a result of the valorization of the deep travail and serious battle that preceded it between the fourth and fifth century BC. It is investigated in particular in our paper the development of astronomical thought between the fifth and fourth centuries BC, in the ancient Greek thought, and at last a particular presumed criticism by Archimedes in his Sandreckoner to Aristarchus.
文摘The scientific proof is the highest type of the rational proof. The mankind is looking for the best technology of the reasonable demonstration. What is a proof？. What is a scientific proof？. Philosophical investigations of proofs have the long history. Philosophy is exploring physics, mathematics, astronomy, biology, history, and so on. Science demands strict proofs. Science uses the specific methods as the optimum technologies for the achievement of the truth. Strictness of the proof depends on the aim algorithm： the distribution of the functions between parts of the proof. The beginning stage, the middle parts, and the ending stage are the unit of the proof. Philosophy can make the correct model of the scientific proof only! Science and its methodology develop and the growth of knowledge has not the finish. The rational ideals improve continually. Science is looking for the criterion of the demonstrative strictness. The adaptation algorithm of the scientific method is the best technology for the achievement of the truth.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40644019)the Special Found of Scientific Research Program for "the Optimization and Design for Reconstruction Models of Seismoscope",China Earthquake Administration
文摘The ancient idea of Heavenly Punishment confused natural phenomena with social issues,which resulted in Zhang Heng’s tragedy in his later years and seismoscope. The instrument might have been lost in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. A series of extremely serious chaotic social events caused by war took place,such as a fire in Luoyang,forging coins by destroying copper wares,relocation of the capital,sharp population decrease,and the destruction of the Ling Observatory. Zhang’s scientific thought and successful practice had played an important role in ideological enlightenments at the primary stage of modern seismology at the end of the nineteenth century. There is a glorious course of"innovation—inheritance—re-innovation"of scientific and technical development from the inception Zhang Heng’s seismoscope to the modern seismograph invented by Milne,et al.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41204034,41174023 and 11173049)the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Position Techniques (Grant No. Y224 353002)
文摘We present two efficient approaches,namely the epoch-differenced(ED) and satellite-and epoch-differenced(SDED) approaches,for the estimation of IFCBs of the two Block IIF satellites.For the analysis,data from 18 stations from the IGS network spanning 96 d is processed.Results show that the IFCBs of PRN25 and PRN01 exhibit periodical signal of one orbit revolution with a magnitude up to 18 cm.The periodical variation of the IFCBs is modeled by a sinusoidal function of the included angle between the sun,earth and the satellite.The presented model enables a consistent use of L1/L2 clock products in L1/L5-based positioning.The algorithm is incorporated into the MGPSS software at SHAO(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences) and is used to monitor the IFCB variation in near real-time.
文摘THE UNITED STATES U.S.scientists announce on February 11 that they have detected the existence of gravitational waves through the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory in Livingston,Louisiana（pictured above）.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 11003048, 10933004 and 10803022)Minor Planet Foundation of Purple Mountain Observatory and the exchange program between Finnish Academy (FA) and NSFC
文摘The CCD photometric observation of comet 103P/Hartley 2 with broadband optical filters was carried out at Xuyi Station of Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences by use of Near Earth Object Telescope （NEOT）. We monitored the comet from September 30 to November 4, 2010 and investigated the variation of activities. The Afp parameter derived from our r broadband data varies from 46.0 to 126.0 cm and increases with time. The dust production rate in terms of Afp was measured and a tentative calculation of the dust （or gas） loss-rate of nucleus was executed under the assumption that the nucleus of comet 103P/l-lartley 2 is spherical. The r-band image and the surface brightness profile taken on September 30, 2010 was measured and the gradient of surface brightness profile of 103P/Hartley 2 showed m 〈 -1.5,
