对省级天然气中长期规划原则和方案的研究和建议

本文针对省级天然气中长期规划的原则和框架方案进行了研究.并以A省为例,指出规划气源需要结合国内和国际资源条件以及省的区位特点加以考虑;用气负荷需从实际出发进行科学预测;管网系统应该寻求建立有相当储气容量的独立系统,同时储气调峰可结合省内资源条件采取与外单位合作,兼用LNG调峰厂与盐穴地下储气库的储气方案.本文给出了省级管网系统规划的原则性建议,对LNG利用提出了一种扶助偏远地区用户的供气结合方案.

缓解天然气季节性供需失衡的一揽子构想

近年,由于气温较往年偏低,致使我国一些城市出现了天然气供应紧张的现象。导火索是因气温低导致了采暖用气量大增,主要原因则是由于调峰能力不足而造成了天然气供需之间的季节性失衡。关于天然气为什么需要调峰,调峰设施的种类、特点及用途,以及影响天然气供需失衡的因素等,作了较详细的阐述。在此基础上提出了缓解天然气季节性供需失衡的一揽子构想,即实施季差气价、制定《天然气储气规划》和大力推进储气库建设,并对构想内容作了进一步的解释。

重庆市天然气调峰储气建设的分析

通过分析地下储气库储气方式的优缺点和调峰储气能力、重庆建设地下储气库的条件、面临的问题,提出建设地下储气库的建议。

柴油发动机双燃料改造技术研究与应用

将油改气技术应用于重型柴油车发动机燃油供给系统改造中,在保持原柴油发动机供油基本不变的前提下,对柴油发动机高压油泵供油量进行调整,稳定发动机怠速供油状态,为发动机正常启动和点燃天然气(即CNG)在气缸内作功做准备;同时,增加了天然气储气装置、天然气供气装置、燃料转换装置、气量显示装置,最终实现双燃料发动机燃料供给系统的改造与应用。

Dynamic simulation research on injection and withdrawal performance of underground salt cavern natural gas storage

Owing to perfect impermeability,dynamics stability,flexible and efficient operation mode and strong adjustment,underground salt cavern natural gas storage is especially adapted to be used for short-term dispatch.Based on characteristics of gas flow and heat transfer,dynamic mathematic models were built to simulate the injection and withdrawal performance of underground salt cavern gas storage.Temperature and pressure variations of natural gas in gas storage were simulated on the basis of building models during withdrawal operation,and factors affecting on the operation of gas storage were also analyzed.Therefore,these models can provide theore-tic foundation and technology support for the design,building and operation of salt cavern gas storage.

Productivity of coalbed methane wells in southern of Qinshui Basin

Based on regional CBM geological characteristics and drainage data of three typical Coalbed Methane(CBM) wells in the southern Qinshui Basin,history matching,productivity prediction and factor analysis of gas production control are conducted by using COMET3 reservoir modeling software.The results show that in the next 20 years,the cumulative and average daily gas production of the QN01 well are expected to be 800×104 m3 and 1141.1 m3/d,for the QN02 well 878×104 m3 and 1202.7 m3/d and 97.5×104 m3 and 133.55 m3/d for the QN03 well.Gas content and reservoir pressure are the key factors controlling gas production in the area;coal thickness,permeability and porosity are less important;the Langmuir volume,Langmuir pressure and adsorption time have relatively small effect.In the process of CBM recovery,the material source and driving force are the key features affecting gas productivity,while the permeation process is relatively important and the desorption process has some impact on gas recovery.

Simulation research on carbon dioxide as cushion gas in gas underground reservoirs

Aimed at the problem of mixing working gas and cushion gas in carbon sequestration technology, the feasibility of using carbon dioxide as the cushion gas in reservoirs is discussed firstly. At the usual condition of reservoirs, carbon dioxide is a kind of supercritical fluid with high condensability, high viscosity and high density. Secondly, this article studies the laws of formation and development of mixing zone by numerical simulation and analyses the impact on mixing zone brought by different injection modes and rational ratios of cushion gas in reservoirs. It is proposed that the appropriate injection ratio of cushion gas is 20%-30%. Using carbon dioxide as cushion gas in gas reservoirs is able to make the running of natural gas reservoirs economical and efficient.

Sequence boundaries and regularities in the oil-gas distribution of the low swelling slope belt in the continental rift basin

Where are the zones more enriched in sand deposits in the down slope and deep depression of the low swelling slope belt? Are there any screening conditions for oil and gas there? These are the chief geological problems to be solved during exploration of a region. Taking the Paleogene system developed along the east slope belt of Chengdao as an example the concepts of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary sequenc are applied. A new research method likened to a way ''to get a melon by following the vine'' is proposed to determine the direction for exploring within un-drilled or less-drilled areas. This is the process: ''the characteristics of the sequence boundary ? the forming mechanism of the stratigraphic sequence ? the conditions of oil and gas accumulation ? the distribution zones of oil and gas''. The relationship between the dynamic mechanism of stratigraphic sequence and the forming conditions for oil and gas accumulation establishes that the tectonic disturbance of the slope belt has significant responses as denudation and deposition. Above the stratigraphic sequence boundary there are large scale sand bodies of the low stand system tract (LST) that have developed in the low swelling slope belt and its deep depression. Below the sequence boundary there are the remaining sand bodies of the high stand system tract (HST). On the slope there is a convergence of mudstone layers of the extended system tract (EST) with the mudstone of the underlying strata, which constitutes the screening conditions for the reservoir of the down slope and deep depression. The distribution regularities in preferred sand bodies on the surface of the sequence boundary, and in the system tract, indicate the ordering of oil-gas deposits. From the higher stand down to the depth of the slope there are, in order, areas where exploration was unfavorable, major areas of stratigraphic overlap of oil-gas reservoirs, unconformity screened oil-gas reservoirs, and, finally, sandstone lens oil-gas reservoirs. The low swelling slope belt of Chengdao was tectonically active, which is typical for a continental rift basin. The methodology and results of the present paper are significant for the theory and practice of predicting subtle reservoir and selecting strategic areas for exploration.

The development status and the prospect of the pipeline robots in the oil and gas storage and transportation industry

In the process of the constant development of the oil and gas storage and transportation technology, the maintenance of the large pipelines is an important task. At present, China vigorously promotes the use of the pipeline robots, for the maintenance of the oil and gas pipelines by the unique characteristics of the robots. In this paper, the author carries out the detailed analysis on the current situation of the development of the pipeline robots in the oil and gas storage and transportation industry, and compares the different applications of the pipeline robots at home and abroad. Starting from the principles of the operation of the robots, the author analyzes the characteristics of the different types of the robots, and combined with the existing conditions of the oil and gas storage and transportation in our country, the author tries to find the most favorable way of the working of the pipeline robots, to continuously improve the development of the oil and gas storage and transportation industry using the robot technologies.

Review of Gas Transportation and Storage Facilities Construction in 2015

By the end of 2015, total length of China＇s long-distance gas pipelines has exceeded 70,O00km. Onshore stratey, ic import paths have been formed, domestic trunk networks perfected and gas storages construction pace acceh＇rated. The Chinese section of Russia-China East Gas Pipeline was officially commenced, which marked that the northeast import path entered the stage ofconstruction. There are 13 LNG terminals in China. The National Development and Rerorm Commission （NDRC） approved China＇s.first private-owned LNG terminal- the Zhoushan LNG terminal. In the coming.five years, the focus of institutional reform will be the independence of pipelines and networks, the focus of construction will be regional networks and branch pipelines, and joint ventures will be the mainstream for gas pipeline construction and operation.

Regulating Aspects and Geologic Solutions of the Natural Gas Building Capacities to a Gas Market Model in Albania

Caspian Gas into Balkans over medium to long term becames Albanian case on June 2013 when TAP route was selected. After Albanian National Territory Council approved TAP AG＇s Compound Development Permit, the project should start Construction Phase 1. Existing gas pipeline connections of Albania within the European network via TAP, is highly estimated by energy authorities in both technical and regulating aspects. New pipelines are projected to be build in order to meet local energy consume and seasonal fluctuations, as well as needs of Kosovo and FYROM. Some of important points： determination on the capacity sector building for a due Albanian Gas Market Model, supply options on the future gasification, alternatives of opening underground gas storages in the salt domes of Dumre region and extending pipelines to neighboring countries. By assistance of the Secretariat of Energy Community, MEI starts drafting the new gas law to meet Third Energy Package. TAP project, IAP project, Albania-Kosovo Pipeline, an LNG plant and terminals coastal construction, can contribute on the diversification of gas supply. Underground Gas Storage potentials are geologic solution target, considering the Upper Miocene depleted sandstone gas fields of Divjaka, as well as the Dumre evaporitic deposits diapir of the Upper Triassic.

The challenges facing the oil and gas storage and transportation technology and its developing direction

In recent years, our country is increasingly dependent on the use of the oil resources, and the degree of the oil mining is also continuously upgrading. After the completion of the tasks related to the oil mining in the lands, the technologies for the development of the offshore oil mining are particularly important. Among these problems, after the exploitation, the storage and transportation of the offshore oil and gas is worthy of the discussion of the technical personnel. From the experience of the oil and gas storage and transportation in the long years, in some environmentally degraded areas, there are problems in the efficiency and safety in the long pipeline transportation and the oil and gas mixed transportation, and in the transportation, there are also big shortcomings. In this paper, the author carries on the analysis of the existing questions encountering in our country＇s oil and gas storage and transportation~ and proposes the direction of the researches in the future oil and gas storage and transportation, and the purpose is to better improve the security of Cbina＇s oil and gas storage and transportation and to enhance the efficiency of the use of the oil and gas.

Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of gases from the large tight gas fields in China

By the end of the year 2010, a total of 15 large tight gas fields have been found in China, located in the Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim basins. The annual production and total reserves of these fields in 2010 were 222.5× 108 and 28657× 108 m3, respectively, accounting for 23.5% and 37.3%, respectively, of the total annual production and reserves of natural gases in China. They took a major part of all natural gas production and reserves in China. According to the analyses of 81 gas samples, the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of tight gases in China have following characteristics： （1） Plots of δ13CI-δ13C2-δ13C3, δ13C1-C1/C2＋3 and δ13C1-δ 13C2 demonstrate the coal-derived origin of tight gases in China; （2） For the primary alkane gases, both carbon and hydrogen isotopic values increase with increasing molecular mass, i.e., δ13C1〈δ13C2〈δ13C3〈δ13C4 and δ2HI〈δ2Hz〈δ2H3; （3） The isotopic differences of δ13C2-δ13C1, δ13C3-δ13C1, δ2H2-δ22Hl and cTZH3-62H1 decrease with in- creasing Ro （%） and C1/C1-4; （4） There are seven causes for the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal, however, the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal of tight gases in China is caused mainly by multiple stages of gas charge and accumulation.