Producer gas through gasification of biomass can be used as an alternate fuel in rural areas due to high potential of biomass resources in India.Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine(f...Producer gas through gasification of biomass can be used as an alternate fuel in rural areas due to high potential of biomass resources in India.Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine(four stroke,single cylinder,5.25 kW) with respect to its thermal efficiency,specific fuel consumption and diesel substitution by use of diesel alone and producer gas-cum-diesel(dual fuel mode).Three types of biomass,i.e.wood chips,pigeon pea stalks and corn cobs were used for generation of producer gas.A producer gas system consisting of a downdraft gasifier,a cooling cum cleaning unit,a filtering unit and a gas air mixing device was designed,fabricated and used to power a 5.25 kW diesel engine on dual fuel mode.Performance of the engine was reported by keeping biomass moisture contents as 8%,12%,16%,and 21%,engine speed as 1 600 r/min and with variable engine loads.The average value of thermal efficiency on dual fuel mode was found slightly lower than that of diesel mode.The specific diesel consumption was found to be 60%-64% less in dual fuel mode than that in diesel mode for the same amount of energy output.The average diesel substitution of 74% was observed with wood chips followed by corn cobs(78%) and pigeon pea stalks(82%).Based on the performance studied,the producer gas may be used as a substitute or as supplementary fuel for diesel conservation,particularly for stationary engines in agricultural operations in the farm.展开更多
This paper proposes an estimation method of fracture resistance of oil ＆ gas pipes, based on the results of full scale hydraulic pressure pipe testing with the artificial notch, made by the authors at 2002-2006. It s...This paper proposes an estimation method of fracture resistance of oil ＆ gas pipes, based on the results of full scale hydraulic pressure pipe testing with the artificial notch, made by the authors at 2002-2006. It shows that the fracture process at the stage of stripping （initialization） of crack can be characterized by Critical Fracture Diagram （CFD）. Calculating and experimental way to construct CFD is suggested and discussed. The fracture resistance requirements for oil ＆ gas pipes in terms of fracture mechanics （Kc, Lc） are formulated and proved. The results of full scale hydraulic pressure pipe testing, based on metal testing data of the standard Charpy specimens （KCV） and pipe＇s specification requirements are interrelated. The way to estimate the admissible temperature operation conditions of oil ＆ gas pipes by means of based metal ＂KCV-temperature＂ dependence is proposed.展开更多
Purpose： The oil and gas gathering and processing facility of Kuwait Oil Company is built with a nameplate capacity of X MBOPD （thousand barrels oil per day） with 50% water cut. However, the facility was operating ...Purpose： The oil and gas gathering and processing facility of Kuwait Oil Company is built with a nameplate capacity of X MBOPD （thousand barrels oil per day） with 50% water cut. However, the facility was operating with a water cut of 35%. This comprehensive technical study was conducted to evaluate possibility of increasing oil processing capacity of this facility in line with current lower water cut and other operational flexibilities available in the facility without utilizing its design margin. Topic： This paper shares an innovative approach to increase name plate capacity of oil and gas processing facility utilizing available operational flexibility and operational margins with minor modification. It shares a case study where facility capacity is increased by around 19% without utilizing design margins of equipment or pipeline. Method： The study includes theoretical verification and analysis of all major equipment and piping to identify available capacity and limitation, in order to utilize available additional margin and to propose debottleneck options to overcome limitations. Achievement： The study confirmed that, facility name plate capacity can be revised from X MBOPD （with 50% w.c （water cut）） to X ＋ 32 MBOPD （with： 45% w.c） minor modification in separator and utilizing margin available in feed specification ofdesalter trains.展开更多
The semi-closed pyrolysis simulation system under constant pressure was conducted to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation from Xiamaling Formation shale in Xiahuayuan,North China.The ex...The semi-closed pyrolysis simulation system under constant pressure was conducted to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation from Xiamaling Formation shale in Xiahuayuan,North China.The experiment results indicate the oil generated by the Xiamaling Formation shale in oil window should be classified as "aromatic-intermediate" type,whereas the decreasing of dry coefficient can be ascribed to the cracking of residual bitumen in source rock in the stage of high to post maturity.The amount of hydrocarbon gas generated from residual bitumen can be up to 1-2 m3 per ton rock in high to post mature stage by calculating hydrogen contents in the kerogen,the expelled hydrocarbon,and the residual hydrocarbon.This reveals the importance of residual bitumen as a gas source during high to post mature stage of the kerogen evolution,and also as the broad exploration prospect of these gases.This research highlights the attention should be paid to oil/gas reservoirs sourced from residual bitumen of organic-rich source rock in high mature stage,even the primary oil/gas reservoirs considered as the main exploration targets in middle-upper Proterozoic sediments of North China.展开更多
文摘Producer gas through gasification of biomass can be used as an alternate fuel in rural areas due to high potential of biomass resources in India.Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine(four stroke,single cylinder,5.25 kW) with respect to its thermal efficiency,specific fuel consumption and diesel substitution by use of diesel alone and producer gas-cum-diesel(dual fuel mode).Three types of biomass,i.e.wood chips,pigeon pea stalks and corn cobs were used for generation of producer gas.A producer gas system consisting of a downdraft gasifier,a cooling cum cleaning unit,a filtering unit and a gas air mixing device was designed,fabricated and used to power a 5.25 kW diesel engine on dual fuel mode.Performance of the engine was reported by keeping biomass moisture contents as 8%,12%,16%,and 21%,engine speed as 1 600 r/min and with variable engine loads.The average value of thermal efficiency on dual fuel mode was found slightly lower than that of diesel mode.The specific diesel consumption was found to be 60%-64% less in dual fuel mode than that in diesel mode for the same amount of energy output.The average diesel substitution of 74% was observed with wood chips followed by corn cobs(78%) and pigeon pea stalks(82%).Based on the performance studied,the producer gas may be used as a substitute or as supplementary fuel for diesel conservation,particularly for stationary engines in agricultural operations in the farm.
文摘This paper proposes an estimation method of fracture resistance of oil ＆ gas pipes, based on the results of full scale hydraulic pressure pipe testing with the artificial notch, made by the authors at 2002-2006. It shows that the fracture process at the stage of stripping （initialization） of crack can be characterized by Critical Fracture Diagram （CFD）. Calculating and experimental way to construct CFD is suggested and discussed. The fracture resistance requirements for oil ＆ gas pipes in terms of fracture mechanics （Kc, Lc） are formulated and proved. The results of full scale hydraulic pressure pipe testing, based on metal testing data of the standard Charpy specimens （KCV） and pipe＇s specification requirements are interrelated. The way to estimate the admissible temperature operation conditions of oil ＆ gas pipes by means of based metal ＂KCV-temperature＂ dependence is proposed.
文摘Purpose： The oil and gas gathering and processing facility of Kuwait Oil Company is built with a nameplate capacity of X MBOPD （thousand barrels oil per day） with 50% water cut. However, the facility was operating with a water cut of 35%. This comprehensive technical study was conducted to evaluate possibility of increasing oil processing capacity of this facility in line with current lower water cut and other operational flexibilities available in the facility without utilizing its design margin. Topic： This paper shares an innovative approach to increase name plate capacity of oil and gas processing facility utilizing available operational flexibility and operational margins with minor modification. It shares a case study where facility capacity is increased by around 19% without utilizing design margins of equipment or pipeline. Method： The study includes theoretical verification and analysis of all major equipment and piping to identify available capacity and limitation, in order to utilize available additional margin and to propose debottleneck options to overcome limitations. Achievement： The study confirmed that, facility name plate capacity can be revised from X MBOPD （with 50% w.c （water cut）） to X ＋ 32 MBOPD （with： 45% w.c） minor modification in separator and utilizing margin available in feed specification ofdesalter trains.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40972093 and 41172112)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.R5080124)+1 种基金Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recoverythe Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting(Grant No.2009001)
文摘The semi-closed pyrolysis simulation system under constant pressure was conducted to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation from Xiamaling Formation shale in Xiahuayuan,North China.The experiment results indicate the oil generated by the Xiamaling Formation shale in oil window should be classified as "aromatic-intermediate" type,whereas the decreasing of dry coefficient can be ascribed to the cracking of residual bitumen in source rock in the stage of high to post maturity.The amount of hydrocarbon gas generated from residual bitumen can be up to 1-2 m3 per ton rock in high to post mature stage by calculating hydrogen contents in the kerogen,the expelled hydrocarbon,and the residual hydrocarbon.This reveals the importance of residual bitumen as a gas source during high to post mature stage of the kerogen evolution,and also as the broad exploration prospect of these gases.This research highlights the attention should be paid to oil/gas reservoirs sourced from residual bitumen of organic-rich source rock in high mature stage,even the primary oil/gas reservoirs considered as the main exploration targets in middle-upper Proterozoic sediments of North China.
