This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitutio...This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.展开更多
The fuels that hardly pollute water body and atmospheric environment during burning are regarded as clean fuels. Liquefied Petroleum Gas （LPG）, Compressed Natural Gas （CNG） and Liquefied Natural Gas （LNG） are th...The fuels that hardly pollute water body and atmospheric environment during burning are regarded as clean fuels. Liquefied Petroleum Gas （LPG）, Compressed Natural Gas （CNG） and Liquefied Natural Gas （LNG） are three representative clean fuels that are widely used in the shipping industry. From both ecological and economic point of view, LNG is treated as the best fuels in shipping industry by the ship-owners and Chinese government. In this paper, the wide applications of LNG-powered ships are analyzed from three aspects, including the global energy source structure, economic demands and the formulation of international conventions. Also, the functions of relevant domestic policies on how to accelerate LNG-powered ships widely used in inland waters of Yangtze river, China are summarized. At last, the reasons of the use of LNG-powered ships in inland waters of China in recent years under the impulsion of various factors are discussed in the end.展开更多
The procedure of reliability-based fatigue analysis of liquefied natural gas(LNG) carrier of membrane type under wave loads is presented. The stress responses of the hotspots in regular waves with different wave headi...The procedure of reliability-based fatigue analysis of liquefied natural gas(LNG) carrier of membrane type under wave loads is presented. The stress responses of the hotspots in regular waves with different wave heading angles and wave lengths are evaluated by global ship finite element method(FEM) . Based on the probabilistic distribution function of hotspots' short-term stress-range using spectral-based analysis,Weibull distribution is adopted and discussed for fitting the long-term probabilistic distribution of stress-range. Based on linear cumulative damage theory,fatigue damage is characterized by an S-N relationship,and limit state function is established. Structural fatigue damage behavior of several typical hotspots of LNG middle ship section is clarified and reliability analysis is performed. It is believed that the presented results and conclusions can be of use in calibration for practical design and initial fatigue safety evaluation for membrane type LNG carrier.展开更多
In order to reduce waiting time in port for large LNG （liquefied natural gas） fueled ships, it is suggested that LNG STS （ship to ship） bunkering and cargo loading/unloading should be carried out simultaneously. T...In order to reduce waiting time in port for large LNG （liquefied natural gas） fueled ships, it is suggested that LNG STS （ship to ship） bunkering and cargo loading/unloading should be carried out simultaneously. This study investigated the safety zone of an LNG bunkering vessel with 10,000 cubic meters capacity transferring LNG fuel to an LNG fueled 18,000 TEU containership. Four LNG leakage scenarios were identified based on failure frequencies analysis of piping systems and severity of consequence, three-dimension CFD software FLACS was adopted to calculate flammable cloud dispersion after LNG leakage. As a result, we obtained a rectangle dangerous zone （41.3 m ~ 126 m）, outside of this dangerous zone can be def＇med as safety zone. It is concluded that safety zone of LNG STS bunkering and cargo loading/unloading SIMOPS （simultaneous operations） cannot keep the same, there are different results for different designs and operation locations. Due to high frequencies and severe consequences, two typical scenarios, the leakage of LNG hose and the natural gas releases from bunkering tank＇s safety relief valve during bunkering, cannot be ignored in similar study.展开更多
基金Foundation item： Supported by the National Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest （No.201003024）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.51409042 No. 51209034）.
文摘This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.
文摘The fuels that hardly pollute water body and atmospheric environment during burning are regarded as clean fuels. Liquefied Petroleum Gas （LPG）, Compressed Natural Gas （CNG） and Liquefied Natural Gas （LNG） are three representative clean fuels that are widely used in the shipping industry. From both ecological and economic point of view, LNG is treated as the best fuels in shipping industry by the ship-owners and Chinese government. In this paper, the wide applications of LNG-powered ships are analyzed from three aspects, including the global energy source structure, economic demands and the formulation of international conventions. Also, the functions of relevant domestic policies on how to accelerate LNG-powered ships widely used in inland waters of Yangtze river, China are summarized. At last, the reasons of the use of LNG-powered ships in inland waters of China in recent years under the impulsion of various factors are discussed in the end.
文摘The procedure of reliability-based fatigue analysis of liquefied natural gas(LNG) carrier of membrane type under wave loads is presented. The stress responses of the hotspots in regular waves with different wave heading angles and wave lengths are evaluated by global ship finite element method(FEM) . Based on the probabilistic distribution function of hotspots' short-term stress-range using spectral-based analysis,Weibull distribution is adopted and discussed for fitting the long-term probabilistic distribution of stress-range. Based on linear cumulative damage theory,fatigue damage is characterized by an S-N relationship,and limit state function is established. Structural fatigue damage behavior of several typical hotspots of LNG middle ship section is clarified and reliability analysis is performed. It is believed that the presented results and conclusions can be of use in calibration for practical design and initial fatigue safety evaluation for membrane type LNG carrier.
文摘In order to reduce waiting time in port for large LNG （liquefied natural gas） fueled ships, it is suggested that LNG STS （ship to ship） bunkering and cargo loading/unloading should be carried out simultaneously. This study investigated the safety zone of an LNG bunkering vessel with 10,000 cubic meters capacity transferring LNG fuel to an LNG fueled 18,000 TEU containership. Four LNG leakage scenarios were identified based on failure frequencies analysis of piping systems and severity of consequence, three-dimension CFD software FLACS was adopted to calculate flammable cloud dispersion after LNG leakage. As a result, we obtained a rectangle dangerous zone （41.3 m ~ 126 m）, outside of this dangerous zone can be def＇med as safety zone. It is concluded that safety zone of LNG STS bunkering and cargo loading/unloading SIMOPS （simultaneous operations） cannot keep the same, there are different results for different designs and operation locations. Due to high frequencies and severe consequences, two typical scenarios, the leakage of LNG hose and the natural gas releases from bunkering tank＇s safety relief valve during bunkering, cannot be ignored in similar study.
