新世纪人与艺术的融合——记第六届亚太盆景、雅石会议暨展览会

第六届亚太盆景、雅石会议暨展览会于2001年11月23日～26日在马来西亚吉隆坡国际会展中心隆重举行。大会紧紧围绕着人与自然、艺术的主题开展丰富多彩的各项活动。大会及展览在热烈隆重的气氛中开幕,来自中国、日本、马来西亚、新加坡、印度、韩国、朝鲜、越南、菲律宾、澳大利亚、印尼、美国、德国、英国、瑞士、荷兰等二十余个国家和中国台湾、香港、澳门的盆景组织代表及盆景爱好者济济一堂,互相切磋技艺。

太古代脉状金矿研究的某些新进展

主要介绍了近几年来关于太古代脉状金矿的产出环境、成矿物理化学条件等方面研究取得的一些新进展，如会聚构造环境成矿和地壳连续成矿模式的提出等；初步讨论了我国在太古代高级变质区寻找高温脉状金矿时应注意的问题。

Dual-band multi-beam reconfigurable terahertz antenna based on graphene frequency selective surface

In this paper,a dual-band graphene-based frequency selective surface(GFSS)is investigated and the operating mechanism of this GFSS is analyzed.By adjusting the bias voltage to control the graphene chemical po-tential between 0 eV and 0.5 eV,the GFSS can achieve four working states:dual-band passband,high-pass lowimpedance,low-pass high-impedance,and band-stop.Based on this GFSS,a hexagonal radome on a broadband omnidirectional monopole antenna is proposed,which can achieve independent 360°six-beam omnidirectional scanning at 1.08 THz and 1.58 THz dual bands.In addition,while increasing the directionality,the peak gains of the dual bands reach 7.44 dBi and 6.67 dBi,respectively.This work provides a simple method for realizing multi-band terahertz multi-beam reconfigurable antennas.

对西和县农户贷款需求情况的调查

为掌握农村金融需求服务中存在的矛盾和问题,探讨改进农村金融服务,促进农村经济发展的对策建议,近期,我们对甘肃省西和县农户贷款需求情况进行了调查。现状与特点（一）信贷需求差异性较大,资金总体需求旺盛。对西和县何坝、姜席、太石河、长道等4个乡镇的调查显示,用于农业产业化和农民消费的贷款需求大幅度增加,并呈现出新特点。

New Microorganisms from the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of Northern Taihang Mountains, China

A new diverse assemblage of microorganisms has been discovered in black bedded, nodular and lenticular cherts and dark chert of domical stromatolites in dolostone of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Lingqiu County, northern Taihang Mountains. The geologic relationships, biostratigraphic correlations, and available radiometric age determinations place the age of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation at approximately 1400-1600 million years in age. Eight new species, three unnamed species, and two emended genera of oscillatoriacean, nostocacean, and chroococcacean cyanobacteria are described. These data coupled with reports of others indicate that the diversity of taxa in the Gaoyuzhuang Formation reaches 100 species. The Gaoyuzhuang Formation contains one of the richest Mesoproterozoic communities of microfossils. The following new and emended taxa are described: Oscillatoriaceae: Eophormidium orculiformis sp. nov., E, sp,, Siphonophycus caudataceous sp, nov., Palaeolyngbya complanata sp, nov., P. capitata sp. nov., P. sp. and Oscillatoriopsis sp.. Nostocaceae: Veteronostocale vaginata sp, nov.. Chroococcaceae: Maculosphaera giganta sp. nov. and Gloeotheceopsis grandis sp. nov. Incertae sedis: Myxcxoccoides limpida sp. nov.

释苏轼《王安石赠太傅制》中的“微意”

苏轼《王安石赠太傅制》是讨论王安石、苏轼二人关系乃至元祐更化之初政治变化的重要文献。古今学者对于该文理解不一,乃至有完全相反的认识。其原因在于对于制词本身所具有的显、隐二义认识不足。赠官制书,表面上是褒词,不失王言之体,但苏轼采取寓贬于褒、明褒暗贬的写作手法,表达了个人对王安石学术和新法的否定,这也意味着苏轼与王安石二人的关系虽已缓和,但并没有实现真正的和解。

Electrical conductivity and viscosity of cryolite electrolytes for solar grade silicon(Si-SoG) electrowinning

Electrical conductivity of molten binary and ternary mixtures based on the system NaF-AlF3-SiO2 was investigated by means of a tube–cell （made of pyrolytic boron nitride） with stationary electrodes. Viscosity of the binary system Na3AlF6-SiO2 was measured by computerized torsion pendulum method. It was found that conductivity and viscosity varied linearly with temperature in all investigated mixtures. Obtained content dependence of electrical conductivity （isotherms） was divided into two parts. First, one represented the content region up to 10%（mole fraction） of SiO2;second, the region was with a higher content of SiO2 （from 10%up to 40%）. While the conductivity considerably decreased with content of SiO2 in the second part; it surprisingly rose in the low content range. A small addition of SiO2 to the molten cryolite （up to 10%） could slightly increase viscosity, but had no influence on the slope of this dependence since it is responsible for a glassy-networks formation in the melt. Further addition of SiO2 to the molten cryolite had a huge effect on the viscosity.

“太赫兹石”的宝石学研究

近来市面上流行的首饰“太赫兹石”深受人们喜爱,关于其成分为何,尚未见相关研究报告,笔者通过对其进行常规宝石学测试、红外光谱、X射线荧光能量光谱、拉曼光谱等一系列测试后,发现其成分单一。“太赫兹石”主要成分为单晶硅,单晶硅是晶体材料的重要组成部分,处于新材料发展的前沿,在半导体材料和利用太阳能光伏发电、供热等方面得到应用。

The Use of Hydrogen as a Fuel for Inland Waterway Units

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.

Crystals of suspended marine barite in the eastern equatorial Pacific:processes of dissolution and effects on crystal morphology

Suspended particulate substances were sampled in the eastem equatorial Pacific in water column from surface to near bottom in five stations in 2005, from which 868 barite crystals were recovered. The barite crystals were examined under scanning electron microscopy. About 61% of the total barites crystals contained detectable Sr by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Barite crystals could be classified into four groups based on their morphology： 1） bladed; 2） ovoid or rounded; 3） arrow-like; and 4） irregularly shaped. The arrow-like barite crystals in natural environment has never been reported before. In addition, about a half of the studied crystals showed features of dissolution as cavities or holes inside of the crystals or around their edges. We found that differential dissolution of barite crystals is consequence of heterogeneous Sr distribution in barite crystals. Our results would help in understanding the biogeochemical processes of marine barite formation and preservation in seawater and marine sediments.

Variations and Controlling Factors of the Coccolith Weight in the Western Pacific Warm Pool over the Last 200 ka

Using a coccolith weight analytic software(Particle Analyser), we analyze most abundant coccolith species in a sediment core from the central Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP) and calculate coccolith size and weight variations over the last 200 ka. These variations are compared with the trends of sea surface temperature(SST), primary productivity(PP), sea surface salinity(SSS), and insolation. Our results demonstrate that the size and weight of the coccoliths varied in response to variations of these factors, and their average total weight is primarily related to the relative abundance of the dominant species GEO(Gephyrocapsa oceanica). The variation in weight of EMI(Emiliania huxleyi) and GEE(Gephyrocapsa ericsonii) are mainly influenced by nutrients, and the variation of GEM(G. muellerae conformis) and GEO(G. oceanica) weight are mainly influenced by SST. For all of the taxa weight, PP and SST present apparent precession or semi-precession cycles, we consider that the mono-coccolith weight of the Equatorial Western Pacific is primarily affected by precession drived thermocline and nutricline variation.

Analysis of an SME using Silicon and Flexible Organic Solar Cells as Replacements for Fossil Fuel Sources of Electricity in UK and Iraq

Currently, 86% of the energy originates from fossil fuelsforelectricity. These are expected to run out, causing severe environmental damage threatening future generations. The total impact of Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） on the economy is significant. Solar cells harness the sun＇s energy to generate electricity in an environmentally friendly manner. This study compares silicon solar cells to flexible Organic Photovoltaic solar cells （OPV） for electricity energy for a micro-business in the UK and Iraq. It shows that it is feasible to replace existing fossil fuel sources with solar cells in Iraq due to a greater amount of solar radiation striking the earth＇s surface. Flexible solar cells can replace a proportion of the energy requirements in the UK and a larger proportion in Iraq. Using existing 20% efficient solar cells, 28% and 83% of the energy requirements of the microbusiness can be replaced in UK and Iraq respectively. Assuming 20% efficiency for solar cells placed on windows, 74% and 220% of the energy requirements of UK and Kurdistan can be replaced respectively and the surplus stored.

Use of Renewable Energy Sources in Saudi Arabia through Smart Grid

Even though Saudi Arabia is the world＇s largest producer and exporter of petroleum and petroleum based products, it is also blessed with high potential of renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Untapped wind and solar energy sources, which are abundant throughout the kingdom, can be connected and optimally integrated into the grid through the use of smart grid technologies and the expansion of transmission facilities. Smart grid is an auto-balancing, self-monitoring power grid that accepts power from any source of fuel like oil, sun or wind and delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers. It helps to control the use of appliances in order to save energy, reduces cost and increase reliability. This paper describes the attributes of a smart grid and how these act as driving force to modernize the electrical power grid. The necessity of conservation of oil in Saudi Arabia is argued. Moreover, the vast availability of renewable energy sources like solar and wind in Saudi Arabia and advantages in utilizing these sources through smart grid technologies are advocated in this paper.

Could It Happen： Global Warming Leads to the Extinction of Mankind？

The upcoming COP23 at Bonn of the UN and its UNFCCC must outline how its COP21 objectives are to be promoted by means of concrete international and national management. Only a massive replacement of fossil fuels and wood coal by solar power parks, can wind power and atomic power save mankind from the grave threats of global warming. This paper presents a tentative estimation of what is involved with regard to the fulfilment of COP21 ＇s GOAL II--decarbonisation to 30-40 per cent of 2005 level of emissions.

同频共振,共克时艰——关于应对甘肃陇南锑泄漏事件的回顾与思考

2015年11月23日21时左右,陇南市西和县甘肃陇星锑业有限责任公司选矿厂尾矿库溢流井破裂,导致大量尾矿浆泄漏,造成甘肃境内太石河约23公里河段、甘肃和陕西境内西汉水约125公里河段、陕西和四川境内嘉陵江约196公里河段锑浓度超标。这是一场罕见的水污染灾害,这是一场对广元人民的严峻考验。