太阳中子事件是与耀斑活动相关的偶发性即刻粒子事件,主要表现为地面宇宙线探测装置的计数瞬时突增.太阳中子携带着爆发源区的物理信息:耀斑大气的元素组成、大气高度、磁场的会聚程度以及磁流体湍动等.相对于其他带电粒子,中子能够不...太阳中子事件是与耀斑活动相关的偶发性即刻粒子事件,主要表现为地面宇宙线探测装置的计数瞬时突增.太阳中子携带着爆发源区的物理信息:耀斑大气的元素组成、大气高度、磁场的会聚程度以及磁流体湍动等.相对于其他带电粒子,中子能够不受太阳磁场和行星际磁场的束缚而直达地面.目前,对太阳中子事件的理论研究,主要是通过蒙特卡罗模拟,考虑太阳耀斑环中磁场的螺旋角散射作用和磁镜效应,计算耀斑磁环模型里各向异性中子的产生与太阳大气高度、时间、角度和能量间的关系,计算逃逸中子的角分布和能谱,以及逃逸到地球附近中子的能谱.观测方面,主要是结合地面中子监测器记录的超出时间与空间探测到的γ射线核谱线发射峰值的时间差,利用飞行时间方法(Time of Flight Method),考虑中子监测器的探测效率和中子在地球大气中的衰减因素,反演日面处的中子能谱.本文依据已确定的10例太阳中子事件,评述基本的观测特征,介绍相应的观测仪器,探讨太阳中子能谱计算的两种方法(观测法和模型法),比较不同方法获得的计算结果;并依托羊八井太阳宇宙线探测装置(中子监测器、太阳中子望远镜),报道对太阳中子的初步交叉探测特征(1998年11月28日GLE事件和2005年1月20日GLE事件),指出目前亟待解决的问题.展开更多
The rate of the electron-capture reaction of proton, p ＋ e^- ＋ p →2 H ＋ ve, is calculated considering the temperature of solar electron in the solar center instead of that of solar ion. When the solar electron tem...The rate of the electron-capture reaction of proton, p ＋ e^- ＋ p →2 H ＋ ve, is calculated considering the temperature of solar electron in the solar center instead of that of solar ion. When the solar electron temperature is two times higher than the solar ion temperature in the solar center, the capture rate pep solar neutrino predicted by the standard solar model （SSM） is decreased to （0.16±0.01 ） SNU from （0.22±0.01 ） SNU in the chlorine solar neutrino experiment, and decreased to 2.19 SNU from 3.0 SNU in the gallium solar neutrino experiment.展开更多
We analyze the existing solar neutrino experiment data and show the allowed regions. The result from SNO's salt phase itself restricts quite a lot the allowed region's area. Reactor neutrinos play an important...We analyze the existing solar neutrino experiment data and show the allowed regions. The result from SNO's salt phase itself restricts quite a lot the allowed region's area. Reactor neutrinos play an important role in determining oscillation parameters. KamLAND gives decisive conclusion on the solution to the solar neutrino puzzle, in particular, the spectral distortion in the 766.3 Ty KamLAND data gives another new improvement in the constraint of solar MSW-LMA solutions. We confirm that at 99. 73% C.L. the high-LMA solution is excluded.展开更多
The coupling of the sun's gravitational field with processes of diffusion and convection exerts a significant influence on the dynamical behavior of the core 3He nuclear reaction-diffusion system. Stability analys...The coupling of the sun's gravitational field with processes of diffusion and convection exerts a significant influence on the dynamical behavior of the core 3He nuclear reaction-diffusion system. Stability analyses of the system are made in this paper by using the theory of nonequilibrium dynamics. It is showed that, in the nuclear reaction regions extending from the center to about 0.38 times of the radius of the sun, the gravitational field enables the core 3He nuclear reaction-diffusion system to become unstable and, after the instability, new states to appear in the system have characteristic of time oscillation. This may change the production rates of both 7Be and 8B neutrinos.展开更多
In this study, the relationship between the neutral components （N2 and 02） in the E-region of the ionosphere （at 110 km altitude） for the Singapore （01.23 N; 103.55 E） station in the equatorial region and the FI...In this study, the relationship between the neutral components （N2 and 02） in the E-region of the ionosphere （at 110 km altitude） for the Singapore （01.23 N; 103.55 E） station in the equatorial region and the FI0.7 solar flux and z-component of Interplanetary Magnetic Field （IMF-Bz） was investigated. This relationship was determined by means of statistical multiple regression model. As a result, it was observed that the changes in F10.7 solar flux and IMF-Bz were inversely proportional to the changes in N2 and 02. 92% and 83% of changes in N2 and O2 were found to be explained by F10.7 solar flux and IMF-Bz, respectively. When the F10.7 solar flux is changed by 1 s.f.u., it causes a decrease of 2.61×10TM m-3 in N2 and 2.96×1014 m-3 in O2. Change of I nT in IMF-Bz causes a decrease of 9.95× 1015 m-3 in N2 and 1.69× 1015 m-3 in O2.展开更多
A new two-phase cryogenic neutrino detector using electron bubble (e-bubble) specifically in liquid helium is proposed and being developed for real time, high rate measurements of low-energy p-p reac- tion neutrinos f...A new two-phase cryogenic neutrino detector using electron bubble (e-bubble) specifically in liquid helium is proposed and being developed for real time, high rate measurements of low-energy p-p reac- tion neutrinos from the sun. The e-bubble detector is a time projection chamber-like (TPC) tracking detector. The task of such a neutrino detector is to detect the ionization of the elastically scattered target electrons by incident neutrinos, and then to characterize their energy and direction and to dis- tinguish them from radioactive backgrounds. The ionization signals are expected to be small and hence undergo avalanche amplification in the saturated vapor above the liquid phase by gas electron multi- pliers (GEMs) at high gain. Higher granularity and intrinsically suppressed ion feedback give a good spatial resolution and are the major advantages of this technology. It should be possible to construct such a detector to track charged particles down to 100―200 keV in a massive liquid helium target with fractional millimeter spatial resolution in three-dimensional space, using the GEM-based TPC with a high-resolution CCD camera, for both the electronic and light readout.展开更多
The discovery of neutrino oscillation indicates that neutrinos have masses and each flavor state is actually a superposition of three mass states with masses m1,m2,and m3.However,the neutrino oscillation experiments a...The discovery of neutrino oscillation indicates that neutrinos have masses and each flavor state is actually a superposition of three mass states with masses m1,m2,and m3.However,the neutrino oscillation experiments are not able to measure the absolute masses of neutrinos,but can only measure the squared mass differences between the neutrino mass eigenstates—The solar and reactor experiments gave展开更多
Three alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins, Zn-TPyPMeI： zinc（II） meso-tetra（N-methyl-4-pyridyl） porphyrin tetra-iodide, Zn- TPyPAdBr： zinc（II） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-b...Three alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins, Zn-TPyPMeI： zinc（II） meso-tetra（N-methyl-4-pyridyl） porphyrin tetra-iodide, Zn- TPyPAdBr： zinc（II） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide and MnC1-TPyPAdBr： man- ganese（III） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide were employed as cathode interlayers to fabricate polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PCvaBM （[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester） and PCDTBT （poly[N-9＂- hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-（4＇,7＇-di-2-thienyl-2＇,3＇-benzothiadiazole）]）-blend films were used as active layers in polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PSCs with alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins interlayer showed obviously higher power con- version efficiency （PCE） than those without interlayers. The highest PCE, 6.86%, was achieved for the device with MnCl- TPyPAdBr as an interlayer. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic （UPS）, carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and contact angle （0） characterizations demonstrated that the porphyrin molecules can result in the formation of interfacial dipole layer between active layer and cathode. The interfacial dipole layer can obviously improve the open-circuit voltage （Voc） and charge extraction, and sequentially lead to the increase of PCE.展开更多
Routine GC/MS analysis may apply to the volatilized Low-Molecular-Weight compounds in saturate and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions;thus,relative studies using this technique inevitably bring about some limitations on d...Routine GC/MS analysis may apply to the volatilized Low-Molecular-Weight compounds in saturate and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions;thus,relative studies using this technique inevitably bring about some limitations on distribution of miscellaneous sulfur atom.In this article,Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)with high resolution is employed to investigate the distribution of organic sulfur compounds(OSCs)in the crude oil typically derived from the Eogene carbonate-evaporite sediments with further chemical compositional characterization in molecular level by miscellaneous atomic type,carbon number,and double bond equivalent(DBE).A variety of miscellaneous atomic types with S1,S2,S3,OS,OS2,O2S,O2S2,NS,and NOS etc.(S1 means those OSCs with one sulfur atom in a molecule)were identified in OSCs in these oil samples.High levels of alkyl thioether series compounds with one ring structure were presented mainly in the crude oil in the Jianghan Basin whereas high amounts of benzothiophene,dibenzothiophene etc.compounds with higher values in DBE and carbon number range occurred in the sulfur-rich heavy oil in the Jinxian Sag.Although carbonate-evaporite sediments deposited in the saline lacustrine facies in the Eogene basin both occurred in the Jinxian Sag and Jianghan Basin,obviously,they possess different chemical diagenetic pathway of sulfur under various microbial reactions,leading to diverse distributional characteristics on biomarkers,OSCs,and even different hydrocarbon generation mechanism of immature crude oil.展开更多
文摘太阳中子事件是与耀斑活动相关的偶发性即刻粒子事件,主要表现为地面宇宙线探测装置的计数瞬时突增.太阳中子携带着爆发源区的物理信息:耀斑大气的元素组成、大气高度、磁场的会聚程度以及磁流体湍动等.相对于其他带电粒子,中子能够不受太阳磁场和行星际磁场的束缚而直达地面.目前,对太阳中子事件的理论研究,主要是通过蒙特卡罗模拟,考虑太阳耀斑环中磁场的螺旋角散射作用和磁镜效应,计算耀斑磁环模型里各向异性中子的产生与太阳大气高度、时间、角度和能量间的关系,计算逃逸中子的角分布和能谱,以及逃逸到地球附近中子的能谱.观测方面,主要是结合地面中子监测器记录的超出时间与空间探测到的γ射线核谱线发射峰值的时间差,利用飞行时间方法(Time of Flight Method),考虑中子监测器的探测效率和中子在地球大气中的衰减因素,反演日面处的中子能谱.本文依据已确定的10例太阳中子事件,评述基本的观测特征,介绍相应的观测仪器,探讨太阳中子能谱计算的两种方法(观测法和模型法),比较不同方法获得的计算结果;并依托羊八井太阳宇宙线探测装置(中子监测器、太阳中子望远镜),报道对太阳中子的初步交叉探测特征(1998年11月28日GLE事件和2005年1月20日GLE事件),指出目前亟待解决的问题.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10275073) and the Key Laboratory of Cosmic Ray and Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
文摘The rate of the electron-capture reaction of proton, p ＋ e^- ＋ p →2 H ＋ ve, is calculated considering the temperature of solar electron in the solar center instead of that of solar ion. When the solar electron temperature is two times higher than the solar ion temperature in the solar center, the capture rate pep solar neutrino predicted by the standard solar model （SSM） is decreased to （0.16±0.01 ） SNU from （0.22±0.01 ） SNU in the chlorine solar neutrino experiment, and decreased to 2.19 SNU from 3.0 SNU in the gallium solar neutrino experiment.
文摘We analyze the existing solar neutrino experiment data and show the allowed regions. The result from SNO's salt phase itself restricts quite a lot the allowed region's area. Reactor neutrinos play an important role in determining oscillation parameters. KamLAND gives decisive conclusion on the solution to the solar neutrino puzzle, in particular, the spectral distortion in the 766.3 Ty KamLAND data gives another new improvement in the constraint of solar MSW-LMA solutions. We confirm that at 99. 73% C.L. the high-LMA solution is excluded.
文摘The coupling of the sun's gravitational field with processes of diffusion and convection exerts a significant influence on the dynamical behavior of the core 3He nuclear reaction-diffusion system. Stability analyses of the system are made in this paper by using the theory of nonequilibrium dynamics. It is showed that, in the nuclear reaction regions extending from the center to about 0.38 times of the radius of the sun, the gravitational field enables the core 3He nuclear reaction-diffusion system to become unstable and, after the instability, new states to appear in the system have characteristic of time oscillation. This may change the production rates of both 7Be and 8B neutrinos.
文摘In this study, the relationship between the neutral components （N2 and 02） in the E-region of the ionosphere （at 110 km altitude） for the Singapore （01.23 N; 103.55 E） station in the equatorial region and the FI0.7 solar flux and z-component of Interplanetary Magnetic Field （IMF-Bz） was investigated. This relationship was determined by means of statistical multiple regression model. As a result, it was observed that the changes in F10.7 solar flux and IMF-Bz were inversely proportional to the changes in N2 and 02. 92% and 83% of changes in N2 and O2 were found to be explained by F10.7 solar flux and IMF-Bz, respectively. When the F10.7 solar flux is changed by 1 s.f.u., it causes a decrease of 2.61×10TM m-3 in N2 and 2.96×1014 m-3 in O2. Change of I nT in IMF-Bz causes a decrease of 9.95× 1015 m-3 in N2 and 1.69× 1015 m-3 in O2.
文摘A new two-phase cryogenic neutrino detector using electron bubble (e-bubble) specifically in liquid helium is proposed and being developed for real time, high rate measurements of low-energy p-p reac- tion neutrinos from the sun. The e-bubble detector is a time projection chamber-like (TPC) tracking detector. The task of such a neutrino detector is to detect the ionization of the elastically scattered target electrons by incident neutrinos, and then to characterize their energy and direction and to dis- tinguish them from radioactive backgrounds. The ionization signals are expected to be small and hence undergo avalanche amplification in the saturated vapor above the liquid phase by gas electron multi- pliers (GEMs) at high gain. Higher granularity and intrinsically suppressed ion feedback give a good spatial resolution and are the major advantages of this technology. It should be possible to construct such a detector to track charged particles down to 100―200 keV in a massive liquid helium target with fractional millimeter spatial resolution in three-dimensional space, using the GEM-based TPC with a high-resolution CCD camera, for both the electronic and light readout.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11522540, and 11690021)the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China, and the Provincial Department of Education of Liaoning (Grant No. L2012087)
文摘The discovery of neutrino oscillation indicates that neutrinos have masses and each flavor state is actually a superposition of three mass states with masses m1,m2,and m3.However,the neutrino oscillation experiments are not able to measure the absolute masses of neutrinos,but can only measure the squared mass differences between the neutrino mass eigenstates—The solar and reactor experiments gave
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB643500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51273077,51173065)
文摘Three alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins, Zn-TPyPMeI： zinc（II） meso-tetra（N-methyl-4-pyridyl） porphyrin tetra-iodide, Zn- TPyPAdBr： zinc（II） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide and MnC1-TPyPAdBr： man- ganese（III） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide were employed as cathode interlayers to fabricate polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PCvaBM （[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester） and PCDTBT （poly[N-9＂- hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-（4＇,7＇-di-2-thienyl-2＇,3＇-benzothiadiazole）]）-blend films were used as active layers in polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PSCs with alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins interlayer showed obviously higher power con- version efficiency （PCE） than those without interlayers. The highest PCE, 6.86%, was achieved for the device with MnCl- TPyPAdBr as an interlayer. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic （UPS）, carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and contact angle （0） characterizations demonstrated that the porphyrin molecules can result in the formation of interfacial dipole layer between active layer and cathode. The interfacial dipole layer can obviously improve the open-circuit voltage （Voc） and charge extraction, and sequentially lead to the increase of PCE.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB214706)Major National Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.2011ZX05008-002-33)+1 种基金Gas Hydrate Survey in South China Sea of China(Grant No.GZH2011003-05-04-01)the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Grant Nos.40873048,41173053)
文摘Routine GC/MS analysis may apply to the volatilized Low-Molecular-Weight compounds in saturate and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions;thus,relative studies using this technique inevitably bring about some limitations on distribution of miscellaneous sulfur atom.In this article,Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)with high resolution is employed to investigate the distribution of organic sulfur compounds(OSCs)in the crude oil typically derived from the Eogene carbonate-evaporite sediments with further chemical compositional characterization in molecular level by miscellaneous atomic type,carbon number,and double bond equivalent(DBE).A variety of miscellaneous atomic types with S1,S2,S3,OS,OS2,O2S,O2S2,NS,and NOS etc.(S1 means those OSCs with one sulfur atom in a molecule)were identified in OSCs in these oil samples.High levels of alkyl thioether series compounds with one ring structure were presented mainly in the crude oil in the Jianghan Basin whereas high amounts of benzothiophene,dibenzothiophene etc.compounds with higher values in DBE and carbon number range occurred in the sulfur-rich heavy oil in the Jinxian Sag.Although carbonate-evaporite sediments deposited in the saline lacustrine facies in the Eogene basin both occurred in the Jinxian Sag and Jianghan Basin,obviously,they possess different chemical diagenetic pathway of sulfur under various microbial reactions,leading to diverse distributional characteristics on biomarkers,OSCs,and even different hydrocarbon generation mechanism of immature crude oil.
