To grow high-quality and large-size monocrystalline silicon at low cost, we proposed a single-seed casting technique. To realize this technique, two challenges—polycrystalline nucleation on the crucible wall and disl...To grow high-quality and large-size monocrystalline silicon at low cost, we proposed a single-seed casting technique. To realize this technique, two challenges—polycrystalline nucleation on the crucible wall and dislocation multiplication inside the crystal—needed to be addressed. Numerical analysis was used to develop solutions for these challenges. Based on an optimized furnace structure and operating conditions from numerical analysis, experiments were performed to grow monocrystalline silicon using the single-seed casting technique. The results revealed that this technique is highly superior to the popular high-performance multicrystalline and multiseed casting mono-like techniques.展开更多
In this study, the authors have shown the power conversion efficiency of flexible organic solar cells. The structure of the device is PET/ITO/PEDOT： PSS/P3HT： PCBM/AI. P3HT （poly-3-hexylthiophene）. It was used as ...In this study, the authors have shown the power conversion efficiency of flexible organic solar cells. The structure of the device is PET/ITO/PEDOT： PSS/P3HT： PCBM/AI. P3HT （poly-3-hexylthiophene）. It was used as an electron donor, PCBM （[6, 6]-phenyl C6 l-butyric acid methyl ester） as an electron acceptor and PEDOT： PSS used as a HIL （hole injection layer）. These materials were deposited by spin coating method on the flexible substrates. Photolithography method is used to etch ITO. The electrical parameters of the fabricated cells were investigated by means of J （V）, FF （fill factor）, the efficiency （r/）, photocurrent and IPCE measurement. It was observed that 45% of the absorbed photons are converted into current. The results obtained using etching technology by photolithography is better than that obtained in the clean room.展开更多
According to the design method of laser resonator cavity, we optimized the primary parameters of resonator and utilized LD arrays symmetrically pumping manner to implementing output of the high-brightness laser in our...According to the design method of laser resonator cavity, we optimized the primary parameters of resonator and utilized LD arrays symmetrically pumping manner to implementing output of the high-brightness laser in our laser cutter, then which was applied to precisely cutting the conductive film of CulnSe2 solar cells, the buried contact silicon solar cells＇ electrode groove, and perforating in wafer which is used to the emitter wrap through silicon solar cells. Laser processing precision was less than 40μm, the results have met solar cell＇s fabrication technology, and made fmally the buried cells＇ conversion efficiency be improved from 18% to 21%.展开更多
Cuprous oxide （Cu2O） thin films have been grown by electrodeposition technique onto ITO-coated glass substrates from aqueous copper acetate solutions with addition of sodium thiosulfate at 60 ℃ The effects of sodiu...Cuprous oxide （Cu2O） thin films have been grown by electrodeposition technique onto ITO-coated glass substrates from aqueous copper acetate solutions with addition of sodium thiosulfate at 60 ℃ The effects of sodium thiosulfate on the electrochemical deposition of Cu2O films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Deposited films were obtained at - 0.58 V vs. SCE and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FrIR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and optical, photoelectrochemical and electrical measurements. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the synthesized Cu2O films had a pure cubic phase with a marked preferential orientation peak along （200） plane and with lattice constants a = b = c = 0.425 rim. FFIR results confirmed the presence of Cu2O films at peak 634 cm 1. SEM images of Cu2O films showed a better compactness and spherical-shaped composition. Optical properties of Cu2O films reveal a high optical transmission （〉80%） and high absorption coefficient （α 〉 104 cm- 1 ） in visiblelight region. The optical energy band gap was found to be 2.103 eV. Photoelectrochemical measurements indicated that Cu2O films had n-type semiconductor conduction, which confirmed by Hall Effect measurements. Electrical properties of Cu2O films showed a low electrical resistivity of 61.30 Ω. cm-1, carrier concentration of-4.94×1015cm -3andmobility of20.61cm2.V 1,s-l.Theobtained Cu2O thin films with suitable properties are promising semiconductor material for fabrication of photovoltaic solar cells,展开更多
The implementation of climate technologies and their commercialization ultimately depends on the success of their research and development(R&D) projects. In the Republic of Korea(ROK), twenty-seven climate technol...The implementation of climate technologies and their commercialization ultimately depends on the success of their research and development(R&D) projects. In the Republic of Korea(ROK), twenty-seven climate technologies were selected to boost the greening of existing industries and to develop new green industries to promote a sustainable climate technology development strategy. Rechargeable battery technology, carbon capture and storage(CCS) technology, smart grids, and sewage treatment are all research areas expected to have tangible outcomes in the forthcoming years. As such, they were included in a comprehensive R&D plan for climate technology advancement, which places an emphasis on climate technology development and commercialization strategy. In this study, the R&D plan of the ROK is reviewed by examining its six core climate technology programs: solar cells, fuel cells, bioenergy, rechargeable battery technology, information technology(IT) applications for the power sector, and CCS technology in detail. The climate policy in the ROK aims to find new economic growth engines and to develop new business opportunities while actively participating in international efforts to combat climate change.展开更多
More than 10% of the population in Salta is regarded as rural. Many rural areas suffer a shortage of energy, and consequently, possibilities of social and economic development of the inhabitants become reduced. The ac...More than 10% of the population in Salta is regarded as rural. Many rural areas suffer a shortage of energy, and consequently, possibilities of social and economic development of the inhabitants become reduced. The activation of renewable energy sources in these areas presents inhabitants the advantages to generate their own energy. Dispersed rural communities create small electricity demands that are not considered by suppliers, because they are not profitable. Although thus far, feasibility analyses to install photovoltaic or thermal solar collectors are based on technical reasons, it seems more convenient that, in the future, projects for the installation of technology based on renewable energy should consider social indicators. As a preliminary step to field work is proposed in this paper using an equation that allows us to obtain a value of＂social index＂. With this analysis and the current survey accompanied by the local people, knowledge will be obtained of the real needs of these rural communities. The results show that there is a variation that would allow a classification or ordering of localities. To validate the results obtained is proposed as the next step to perform field work in each of the localities.展开更多
The DS(directional solidification) polycrystalline silicon ingot is the most important photovoltaic material today,and the conversion efficiency of solar cells is affected by the morphology and organization of the cry...The DS(directional solidification) polycrystalline silicon ingot is the most important photovoltaic material today,and the conversion efficiency of solar cells is affected by the morphology and organization of the crystal.Uniform grains with larger size are conducive to get high-quality wafer,so improving the cell conversion efficiency.However,grains sizes that are less than 1 mm2 can be observed frequently in the central district of mc-Si ingots,which bring negative effect to the quality of the mc-Si ingot and decrease the electrical performance of wafer.In this paper,we make an attempt to explain the formation mechanism and influence factors of microcrystal in mc-Si ingot with computer simulation technology and theory of component supercooling.It was found that:to avoid production of microcrystal,it's better to increase the value of G/V(V is the growth rate and G is the near-interface temperature gradient),strengthen the melt convection front in the solidification interface and keep a fairly flat solid/melt interface in producing mc-Si ingot.展开更多
Researchers working in the field of photovoltaic are exploring novel materials for the efficient solar energy conversion.The prime objective of the discovery of every novel photovoltaic material is to achieve more ene...Researchers working in the field of photovoltaic are exploring novel materials for the efficient solar energy conversion.The prime objective of the discovery of every novel photovoltaic material is to achieve more energy yield with easy fabrication process and less production cost features.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs)delivering the highest efficiency in the passing years with different stoichiometry and fabrication modification have made this technology a potent candidate for future energy conversion materials.Till now,many studies have shown that the quality of active layer morphology,to a great extent,determines the performance of PSCs.The current and potential techniques of solvent engineering for good active layer morphology are mainly debated using primary solvent,co-solvent (Lewis acid-base adduct approach)and solvent additives.In this review,the dynamics of numerously reported solvents on the morphological characteristics of PSCs active layer are discussed in detail.The intention is to get a clear understanding of solvent engineering induced modifications on active layer morphology in PSC devices via different crystallization routes.At last,an attempt is made to draw a framework based on different solvent coordination properties to make it easy for screening the potent solvent contender for desired PSCs precursor for a better and feasible device.展开更多
基金partly supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under the Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry (METI),Japan
文摘To grow high-quality and large-size monocrystalline silicon at low cost, we proposed a single-seed casting technique. To realize this technique, two challenges—polycrystalline nucleation on the crucible wall and dislocation multiplication inside the crystal—needed to be addressed. Numerical analysis was used to develop solutions for these challenges. Based on an optimized furnace structure and operating conditions from numerical analysis, experiments were performed to grow monocrystalline silicon using the single-seed casting technique. The results revealed that this technique is highly superior to the popular high-performance multicrystalline and multiseed casting mono-like techniques.
文摘In this study, the authors have shown the power conversion efficiency of flexible organic solar cells. The structure of the device is PET/ITO/PEDOT： PSS/P3HT： PCBM/AI. P3HT （poly-3-hexylthiophene）. It was used as an electron donor, PCBM （[6, 6]-phenyl C6 l-butyric acid methyl ester） as an electron acceptor and PEDOT： PSS used as a HIL （hole injection layer）. These materials were deposited by spin coating method on the flexible substrates. Photolithography method is used to etch ITO. The electrical parameters of the fabricated cells were investigated by means of J （V）, FF （fill factor）, the efficiency （r/）, photocurrent and IPCE measurement. It was observed that 45% of the absorbed photons are converted into current. The results obtained using etching technology by photolithography is better than that obtained in the clean room.
基金This work was supported by the Student’s Innovating Foundationin Nankai University.
文摘According to the design method of laser resonator cavity, we optimized the primary parameters of resonator and utilized LD arrays symmetrically pumping manner to implementing output of the high-brightness laser in our laser cutter, then which was applied to precisely cutting the conductive film of CulnSe2 solar cells, the buried contact silicon solar cells＇ electrode groove, and perforating in wafer which is used to the emitter wrap through silicon solar cells. Laser processing precision was less than 40μm, the results have met solar cell＇s fabrication technology, and made fmally the buried cells＇ conversion efficiency be improved from 18% to 21%.
基金Supported by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research(CNEPRU project number:J0101520090018)
文摘Cuprous oxide （Cu2O） thin films have been grown by electrodeposition technique onto ITO-coated glass substrates from aqueous copper acetate solutions with addition of sodium thiosulfate at 60 ℃ The effects of sodium thiosulfate on the electrochemical deposition of Cu2O films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Deposited films were obtained at - 0.58 V vs. SCE and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FrIR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and optical, photoelectrochemical and electrical measurements. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the synthesized Cu2O films had a pure cubic phase with a marked preferential orientation peak along （200） plane and with lattice constants a = b = c = 0.425 rim. FFIR results confirmed the presence of Cu2O films at peak 634 cm 1. SEM images of Cu2O films showed a better compactness and spherical-shaped composition. Optical properties of Cu2O films reveal a high optical transmission （〉80%） and high absorption coefficient （α 〉 104 cm- 1 ） in visiblelight region. The optical energy band gap was found to be 2.103 eV. Photoelectrochemical measurements indicated that Cu2O films had n-type semiconductor conduction, which confirmed by Hall Effect measurements. Electrical properties of Cu2O films showed a low electrical resistivity of 61.30 Ω. cm-1, carrier concentration of-4.94×1015cm -3andmobility of20.61cm2.V 1,s-l.Theobtained Cu2O thin films with suitable properties are promising semiconductor material for fabrication of photovoltaic solar cells,
基金supported by the research grant from Yonsei University
文摘The implementation of climate technologies and their commercialization ultimately depends on the success of their research and development(R&D) projects. In the Republic of Korea(ROK), twenty-seven climate technologies were selected to boost the greening of existing industries and to develop new green industries to promote a sustainable climate technology development strategy. Rechargeable battery technology, carbon capture and storage(CCS) technology, smart grids, and sewage treatment are all research areas expected to have tangible outcomes in the forthcoming years. As such, they were included in a comprehensive R&D plan for climate technology advancement, which places an emphasis on climate technology development and commercialization strategy. In this study, the R&D plan of the ROK is reviewed by examining its six core climate technology programs: solar cells, fuel cells, bioenergy, rechargeable battery technology, information technology(IT) applications for the power sector, and CCS technology in detail. The climate policy in the ROK aims to find new economic growth engines and to develop new business opportunities while actively participating in international efforts to combat climate change.
文摘More than 10% of the population in Salta is regarded as rural. Many rural areas suffer a shortage of energy, and consequently, possibilities of social and economic development of the inhabitants become reduced. The activation of renewable energy sources in these areas presents inhabitants the advantages to generate their own energy. Dispersed rural communities create small electricity demands that are not considered by suppliers, because they are not profitable. Although thus far, feasibility analyses to install photovoltaic or thermal solar collectors are based on technical reasons, it seems more convenient that, in the future, projects for the installation of technology based on renewable energy should consider social indicators. As a preliminary step to field work is proposed in this paper using an equation that allows us to obtain a value of＂social index＂. With this analysis and the current survey accompanied by the local people, knowledge will be obtained of the real needs of these rural communities. The results show that there is a variation that would allow a classification or ordering of localities. To validate the results obtained is proposed as the next step to perform field work in each of the localities.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No BK2008548)
文摘The DS(directional solidification) polycrystalline silicon ingot is the most important photovoltaic material today,and the conversion efficiency of solar cells is affected by the morphology and organization of the crystal.Uniform grains with larger size are conducive to get high-quality wafer,so improving the cell conversion efficiency.However,grains sizes that are less than 1 mm2 can be observed frequently in the central district of mc-Si ingots,which bring negative effect to the quality of the mc-Si ingot and decrease the electrical performance of wafer.In this paper,we make an attempt to explain the formation mechanism and influence factors of microcrystal in mc-Si ingot with computer simulation technology and theory of component supercooling.It was found that:to avoid production of microcrystal,it's better to increase the value of G/V(V is the growth rate and G is the near-interface temperature gradient),strengthen the melt convection front in the solidification interface and keep a fairly flat solid/melt interface in producing mc-Si ingot.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0202400)the 111 project (B16016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51572080, 51702096, and U1705256)
文摘Researchers working in the field of photovoltaic are exploring novel materials for the efficient solar energy conversion.The prime objective of the discovery of every novel photovoltaic material is to achieve more energy yield with easy fabrication process and less production cost features.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs)delivering the highest efficiency in the passing years with different stoichiometry and fabrication modification have made this technology a potent candidate for future energy conversion materials.Till now,many studies have shown that the quality of active layer morphology,to a great extent,determines the performance of PSCs.The current and potential techniques of solvent engineering for good active layer morphology are mainly debated using primary solvent,co-solvent (Lewis acid-base adduct approach)and solvent additives.In this review,the dynamics of numerously reported solvents on the morphological characteristics of PSCs active layer are discussed in detail.The intention is to get a clear understanding of solvent engineering induced modifications on active layer morphology in PSC devices via different crystallization routes.At last,an attempt is made to draw a framework based on different solvent coordination properties to make it easy for screening the potent solvent contender for desired PSCs precursor for a better and feasible device.
