为避免功率失配损失,太阳能模组一般都配置旁路二极管,提供一个能量散逸的途径。基于这种配置提出一种新的太阳能模组性能评估算法。依据实际旁路区段配置建立网络方程,通过牛顿-拉夫逊非线性迭代方法实现拓扑求解,继而获得模组的整体...为避免功率失配损失,太阳能模组一般都配置旁路二极管,提供一个能量散逸的途径。基于这种配置提出一种新的太阳能模组性能评估算法。依据实际旁路区段配置建立网络方程,通过牛顿-拉夫逊非线性迭代方法实现拓扑求解,继而获得模组的整体性能。在用制造商标准测试数据验证了该评估算法的有效性后,进一步考察各种阴影场景下的模组整体性能,并给出全局最大功率点(maximal power point,MPP)位置随辐射强度变化时的定性结论。理论分析和仿真结果表明,由于多辐射强度导致功率多峰值的存在,常规最大功率点跟踪(maximal power point track,MPPT)算法可能会因为只能检测到MPPT伪极大值点而失效;而且,旁路二极管的合理配置对太阳能模组性能有很大影响。展开更多
The solar temperature field of a large three-span continuous bridge with steel-concrete composite box girder and variable cross-section is measured to verify a calculation method for the temperature field of steel-con...The solar temperature field of a large three-span continuous bridge with steel-concrete composite box girder and variable cross-section is measured to verify a calculation method for the temperature field of steel-concrete composite beams. The test results show that the temperature of an external steel web- plate is higher than that of an internal web-plate due to the difference in solar radiation. Air temperature inside the box matches the average temperature of the whole steel box. Based on actual measurements, a transient thermal analysis with multiple boundary conditions is also carried out by a software program ANSYS. Convective boundary situation and states of solar radiation on steel web plates in different situations are determined in the analysis. The feature of the temperature field is preliminarily achieved through a comparative study between the actual measurement and the finite element analysis. The computed results are in good consistence with the actual measurement results, with the maximum difference within 2 ℃. This indicates that the theoretical calculation method is reliable and it provides a foundation for further research on temperature field distribution in the steel-concrete composite box girder.展开更多
A vacuum directional solidification with high temperature gradient was performed to prepare low cost solar-grade multicrystalline silicon （mc-Si） directly from metallurgical-grade mc-Si. The microstructure character...A vacuum directional solidification with high temperature gradient was performed to prepare low cost solar-grade multicrystalline silicon （mc-Si） directly from metallurgical-grade mc-Si. The microstructure characteristic, grain size, boundary, solid-liquid growth interface, and dislocation structure under different growth conditions were studied. The results show that directionally solidified multicrystalline silicon rods with high density and orientation can be obtained when the solidification rate is below 60 μm/s. The grain size gradually decreases with increasing the solidification rate. The control of obtaining planar solid-liquid interface at high temperature gradient is effective to produce well-aligned columnar grains along the solidification direction. The growth step and twin boundaries are preferred to form in the microstructure due to the faceted growth characteristic of mc-Si. The dislocation distribution is inhomogeneous within crystals and the dislocation density increases with the increase of solidification rate. Furthermore, the crystal growth behavior and dislocation formation mechanism of mc-Si were discussed.展开更多
Based on the anatomical study of leaf cuticles of Cordaites from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in Baode of Shanxi, the author analysed the epidermal characters of Cordaites in this area. On the base of the abunda...Based on the anatomical study of leaf cuticles of Cordaites from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in Baode of Shanxi, the author analysed the epidermal characters of Cordaites in this area. On the base of the abundant compressions and laboratory studies, the author complemented some new data of the cuticular characters of the speeies Cordaites baodeensis Sun for its study of taxonomy. Meanwhile, the author newly discovered a number of sporopollen fossils associated with the mega-plants of Cordctitales, described 9 species of 6 genera. The palynological data can provide a supplement evidence for defining the age of C. baodeensis and its associated plants to be Early Permian.展开更多
A design of a solar-wind electrical hybrid system to supply space heating requirements for a 1,200 m^2 residential building in Amman-Jordan was implemented. The building heating requirements were estimated from existi...A design of a solar-wind electrical hybrid system to supply space heating requirements for a 1,200 m^2 residential building in Amman-Jordan was implemented. The building heating requirements were estimated from existing heating building data based on traditional heating design already adopted by engineering firms in Jordan. The traditional heating load was transferred into electrical load to be supplied by hybrid system. The hybrid system consists of a 75 kW vertical axis windmill and 140 solar modules. Because of the high cost of land in residential buildings, the hybrid system is to be installed on the building roof. The hybrid system and the conventional systems＇ cost were found to be compatible in four years period when oil prices reach $100 per barrel. As the international price of oil rises above $100 per barrel, the proposed hybrid system becomes more economical than the already existing hot water heating system.展开更多
文摘为避免功率失配损失,太阳能模组一般都配置旁路二极管,提供一个能量散逸的途径。基于这种配置提出一种新的太阳能模组性能评估算法。依据实际旁路区段配置建立网络方程,通过牛顿-拉夫逊非线性迭代方法实现拓扑求解,继而获得模组的整体性能。在用制造商标准测试数据验证了该评估算法的有效性后,进一步考察各种阴影场景下的模组整体性能,并给出全局最大功率点(maximal power point,MPP)位置随辐射强度变化时的定性结论。理论分析和仿真结果表明,由于多辐射强度导致功率多峰值的存在,常规最大功率点跟踪(maximal power point track,MPPT)算法可能会因为只能检测到MPPT伪极大值点而失效;而且,旁路二极管的合理配置对太阳能模组性能有很大影响。
文摘The solar temperature field of a large three-span continuous bridge with steel-concrete composite box girder and variable cross-section is measured to verify a calculation method for the temperature field of steel-concrete composite beams. The test results show that the temperature of an external steel web- plate is higher than that of an internal web-plate due to the difference in solar radiation. Air temperature inside the box matches the average temperature of the whole steel box. Based on actual measurements, a transient thermal analysis with multiple boundary conditions is also carried out by a software program ANSYS. Convective boundary situation and states of solar radiation on steel web plates in different situations are determined in the analysis. The feature of the temperature field is preliminarily achieved through a comparative study between the actual measurement and the finite element analysis. The computed results are in good consistence with the actual measurement results, with the maximum difference within 2 ℃. This indicates that the theoretical calculation method is reliable and it provides a foundation for further research on temperature field distribution in the steel-concrete composite box girder.
基金Projects (51002122, 51272211) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2010ZF53064) supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China+3 种基金Project (2012M51028) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2010JQ6005) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, ChinaProject (76-QP-2011) supported by the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU, ChinaProject (B08040) supported by the 111Project, China
文摘A vacuum directional solidification with high temperature gradient was performed to prepare low cost solar-grade multicrystalline silicon （mc-Si） directly from metallurgical-grade mc-Si. The microstructure characteristic, grain size, boundary, solid-liquid growth interface, and dislocation structure under different growth conditions were studied. The results show that directionally solidified multicrystalline silicon rods with high density and orientation can be obtained when the solidification rate is below 60 μm/s. The grain size gradually decreases with increasing the solidification rate. The control of obtaining planar solid-liquid interface at high temperature gradient is effective to produce well-aligned columnar grains along the solidification direction. The growth step and twin boundaries are preferred to form in the microstructure due to the faceted growth characteristic of mc-Si. The dislocation distribution is inhomogeneous within crystals and the dislocation density increases with the increase of solidification rate. Furthermore, the crystal growth behavior and dislocation formation mechanism of mc-Si were discussed.
基金Supported by Project"111"in Jilin University, China (No.B06008)
文摘Based on the anatomical study of leaf cuticles of Cordaites from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in Baode of Shanxi, the author analysed the epidermal characters of Cordaites in this area. On the base of the abundant compressions and laboratory studies, the author complemented some new data of the cuticular characters of the speeies Cordaites baodeensis Sun for its study of taxonomy. Meanwhile, the author newly discovered a number of sporopollen fossils associated with the mega-plants of Cordctitales, described 9 species of 6 genera. The palynological data can provide a supplement evidence for defining the age of C. baodeensis and its associated plants to be Early Permian.
文摘A design of a solar-wind electrical hybrid system to supply space heating requirements for a 1,200 m^2 residential building in Amman-Jordan was implemented. The building heating requirements were estimated from existing heating building data based on traditional heating design already adopted by engineering firms in Jordan. The traditional heating load was transferred into electrical load to be supplied by hybrid system. The hybrid system consists of a 75 kW vertical axis windmill and 140 solar modules. Because of the high cost of land in residential buildings, the hybrid system is to be installed on the building roof. The hybrid system and the conventional systems＇ cost were found to be compatible in four years period when oil prices reach $100 per barrel. As the international price of oil rises above $100 per barrel, the proposed hybrid system becomes more economical than the already existing hot water heating system.
