失域和归域:印第安小说《恶灵》中离散的“地方感”

"地方感"作为人文地理学研究的中心话题,主要是指人与地方之间产生的互动体验。它是印第安文学中蕴含的特色元素。本文拟对琳达·霍根小说《恶灵》中的"地方感"进行研究,发现印第安人"地方感"的遗失是全球殖民化进程的一个特写,重构则是对印第安文化进行"去殖民化"处理。失域表示印第安人"地方感"缺失的后殖民状态,归域是通过记忆和想象重建"地方感",进而重塑自我身份、重建民族文化身份。经过失域到归域的过程,印第安民族的"地方感"再也无法回到原初状态,被赋予新意的"地方感"是动态的、离散的。

供水管网中套筒阀失稳原因分析与调控

针对套筒阀失稳机理不清晰、动态稳定域不明确、缺乏相应的调控措施等问题,开展理论与试验研究。对采集的新疆某供水管网上DN600套筒阀的振动、压力信号进行频谱分析处理,发现指示杆Z方向最大振幅达251 m/s^(2),低频段出现明显的周期振动频率为100 Hz,依据锁频现象判断套筒阀发生了失稳。基于仿真计算的10阶固有频率与动力学模型分析了失稳原因,提出了套筒阀的动态稳定域和失稳调控措施。试验表明,将套筒阀开度增加至18%、压差减小至0.66 MPa后,套筒阀系统的失稳现象消失,试验结果与动力学模型分析结果吻合。研究表明,压差与开度是影响套筒阀系统稳定性的敏感参数。本文对于指导套筒阀的设计、制造与运维具有较重要的理论意义和工程意义。

生产安全事件随机-模糊耦合的危险性度量

为解决生产安全事件危险性度量中因素状态变化的随机性及状态变化范围的模糊性问题,基于安全结构理论,通过分析生产安全事件的失稳域与活动环境属性空间之间的关系,阐释安全型、危险型、可控型3类危险性模型;采用概率理论和模糊理论数学表述生产安全事件的随机危险性、模糊危险性以及随机-模糊耦合危险性;以瓦斯体积分数为研究对象,给出瓦斯体积分数随机-模糊耦合危险性度量分析计算示例。结果表明:工作面瓦斯体积分数随机-模糊耦合危险度为24.41%,环境因素的状态概率密度分布和因素状态模糊隶属度对生产安全事件危险度具有双重影响,随机-模糊耦合模型具有一定的可行性。

单弹簧哈密顿系统在两个不同周期力作用下的动态行为分析

单弹簧哈密顿系统在两个不同频率的周期力作用下可能产生混沌行为，其初值的微小变化会导致性质完全不同的响应。采用基于轨迹的非线性动力学方法，分析了系统通过一系列分岔进入混沌的途径及其内在规律，发现了参数平面中的孤立失稳域现象。采用在电力工程中得到广泛应用的互补簇簇际能量壁垒准则（CCEBC），定量分析了该系统的有界稳定性，并快速求取各种参数的稳定极限值。

A Low Noise,High Linearity CMOS Receiver for 802.11b WLAN Applications

A 2.4GHz monolithic CMOS receiver with direct-conversion architecture is presented. This quadrature receiver is designed for 802.11b wireless LAN applications at the maximum data rate of 11Mbps as a low-cost solution. Five key blocks,i, e., a low noise amplifier （LNA）, a down-conversion mixer, a variable gain amplifier, a low pass filter, and a DC- offset cancellation circuit,are designed based on system design and low noise high linearity considerations. The necessary auxiliary circuits are also included. Fabricated in SMIC 0.18μm 1p6m RF CMOS process, the receiver＇s performance is measured as：4. 1 dB noise figure, - 7.5dBm input third order intercept point （IIP3） for LNA ＆ mixer at high gain setting, - 14dBm IIP3 for the whole receiver,53dBc @30MHz offset of adjacent channel power rejection,and less than 5mV out- put DC-offset. The receiver consumes 44mA under a 1.8V power supply with I,Q two paths.

Horizontal trap-door investigation on face failure zone of shield tunneling in sands

A novel horizontal trap-door test system was devised in this study to analyze the face stability of shield tunnels in sands.The test system can be used to investigate both the longitudinal and cross sections of the face failure simultaneously at one single apparatus and was employed to perform face stability tests on small-scaled tunnel models at single gravity.The lateral support pressures and failure zones were studied with varying sand materials and earth covers.The results demonstrate that the tunnel face moves back,the lateral active earth pressure on the tunnel face decreases rapidly to a residual value,and the lateral pressure distribution can be categorized into three stages during the failure process:1)initial state;2)pressure dissipation stage;and 3)pressure zone diminution stage.Furthermore,face failure firstly develops from a stable condition to the local failure state,and then continues to develop to the global failure state that can be divided into two sub-zones with different failure mechanisms:rotational failure zone(lower zone)and gravitational failure zone(upper zone).Further discussion shows that under the effects of soil arching,the shape of the gravitational failure zone can adopt arch shaped(most frequent)and column shaped(in shallow tunnels).Limit support pressure for face stability usually appears atδ/D=0.2%−0.5%(ratio of face displacement to tunnel diameter).

照明心理学中评价光源显色性的新方法

同色异谱体色品失配的理论对照明心理学中的参数——光源显色性,提供了一个新颖的评价方法。笔者计算解出了对D_(65),10°视场的同色异谱基本黑色体;阐明它在产生大量同色异谱体上的应用;推论色品失配域的计算方法;引证在评价光源显色性上的典型实例。

Split-TCP Based Acceleration Gateway over Packet Lossy Networks

The conservative Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease mechanism of traditional TCP causes the link under-utilization in the Wide Area Networks(WANs) due to the WANs' intrinsic nature of high latency and high packet loss.To alleviate the problem,we present the design and implantation of STAG,an Acceleration Gateway with Split-TCP in the paper.STAG is built on embedded network equipment and acts as a transparent proxy.In STAG,a new improved congestion control method named Rapid TCP is adopted,which determines whether or not to decrease the congestion window based on the packet loss trend.In particular,in the fast recovery phase,it chooses different window adjustment strategies based on the current size of congestion window to achieve higher utilization.The performance validation of STAG is done on both our emulation testbed and the real wide area network.The results show that STAG with Rapid TCP effectively adapts to the high loss network environment and significantly speeds up the applications without loss of fairness.

Meteorological Drought in Nujiang and Lancang River Basins during Recent 50 Years

Drought is one of the main natural disasters that cause economic loss in the basins of international rivers such as Nujiang and Lancang rivers. Based on the monthly precipitation and temperature data of 31 meteorological stations in Nujiang and Lancang river basins in Yunnan Province during 1965-2013, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) in each of the two bio-climate zones was calculated. In addition, the drought process in annual, seasonal and monthly scale was analyzed respectively to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics and the intensity variation of meteorological drought in Nujiang and Lancang river basins in Yunnan Province. The results showed that there was a significant increasing trend in seasonal(especially winter's) and monthly drought since the late 1970 s; the drought occurred in the two bio-climate zones showed no obvious spatial distinction, and it was synchronized with that occurred throughout Yunnan Province; and in the recent 50 years, the significant increase of drought in the study area may be attributed to the significant rise in temperature, rather than the slight decline of the precipitation.

Comparison of Development of Housing Construction in Regions of Slovakia and Czech Republic

Cities and municipalities are involved in the economic development of the whole country. One of the priorities of mayors is the usefulness of spatial disproportions of area as well as the structure and development of housing construction. They are natural canters of public and commercial services. The aim of the article is to determine if the geographic location of the region influences the number of new apartments with planning permission and completed apartments with a completion approval by using the methods of mathematical statistics ＂Analysis of variance＂. Meaning of the geographical location of the region as a factor, which influences the construction of apartments as well as regional differences in selected Central European countries, is subject of the conclusions of the paper.

Probabilistic Loss Differentiation for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks

We start this paper by answering the questions： What requirements should a good Loss Differentiation Mechanism （LD） for 802.11 networks in loT meet？ Do the existing LDs work well in 802.11 networks when moving towards loT？ Then we present the four properties that a LD used in loT should own and the two-folded factors that we should consider when designing such a LD. Thereby, a novel LD is proposed utilizing the back- off frozen event to reveal collision probability. Our mechanism works efficiently with standard 802.11 ; only practical statistics information is needed. In ad- dition, our mechanism can be done solely by the sender without introducing extra signaling overhead. Extensive simulations show that our mechanism can be applicable to different scenarios in 802. 11 WLANs.

Identifi cation and decomposition of regional economic disparity for the west coast of Taiwan Strait of China

Regional economic disparity is a hot issue in the development of society and economy. As the conjunct of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta and the frontier to Taiwan, the west coast of the Taiwan Strait （WCS） is of great social and political significance. The paper defines the connotation of the WCS, decomposed the regional economic disparity by using weighted coefficient of variation and Theil coefficient, and explores the industrial and regional source of the regional economic disparity of the WCS. The analysis results show that： （1） the WCS has important political, economic and military position, so it＇s better to regard it to be comprehensive region, not just refer to Fujian Province; （2）from the industrial decomposition of weighted variation coefficient, the influence o.f the primary industry was tiny; conversely, the development inequity of the secondary and the tertiary, indusoy was the main source of regional economic disparity. Their contribution has had the converse trend and the secondary contribution has gone beyond the tertiary since 2003; （3）from the regional decomposition of Theil coefficient, the regional economic disparity mainly came from inter-area inequity of 4 areas. Moreover, the inner economic disparity mainly drove by Fujian, suggesting that the urban development inequity in Fujian Province was comparatively outstanding.

Evaluation of the Quantity of Eroded Land in Mountains Watersheds of Vithkuqi Area （District of Korca）-Albania

Soil erosion represents one of the most important destructive phenomenon of the soil, through surface and depth erosion. The activity of water erosion in Albania is favoured from some factors like relief, geological structure, slope, soil, etc. Erosion depth growth is closely related with the vegetal cover ravage high rate and in the first instance that of woodland flora in sloping ground. The degradation of the flora or total destruction of it is defined from many factors, but in notably from social-economical system of every country. It can be also seen some special areas in our country were the results of the human negative impacts in natural environment. The erosion phenomenon is more problematic, especially during intensive raining time.

Determination of fractional energy loss of waves in nearshore waters using an improved high-order Boussinesq-type model

Fractional energy losses of waves due to wave breaking when passing over a submerged bar are studied systematically using a modified numerical code that is based on the high-order Boussinesq-type equations.The model is first tested by the additional experimental data,and the model's capability of simulating the wave transformation over both gentle slope and steep slope is demonstrated.Then,the model's breaking index is replaced and tested.The new breaking index,which is optimized from the several breaking indices,is not sensitive to the spatial grid length and includes the bottom slopes.Numerical tests show that the modified model with the new breaking index is more stable and efficient for the shallow-water wave breaking.Finally,the modified model is used to study the fractional energy losses for the regular waves propagating and breaking over a submerged bar.Our results have revealed that how the nonlinearity and the dispersion of the incident waves as well as the dimensionless bar height(normalized by water depth) dominate the fractional energy losses.It is also found that the bar slope(limited to gentle slopes that less than 1:10) and the dimensionless bar length(normalized by incident wave length) have negligible effects on the fractional energy losses.

Evaluation of Loss of Load Probability and Expected Energy Generation in Multi-area Interconnected Systems with Wind Generating Units

Due to randomness of wind generator＇s availability, power system planners have big concern on EEG （expected energy generation） and system reliability of power system with wind generators. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the EEG as well as overall LOLP （loss of load probability）, which is an index for system reliability of multi-area interconnected systems with wind generators, as well as conventional fossil fuel based generating units. The proposed model is also capable of tracking the energy export incorporating the multi-state probability model for wind generator which output varies with time and season.

Probability of Failure Assessment in District Heating Network

The aim of this paper is to present works performed in HTC （Heat-Tech Center）, Research ＆ Development Centre of Veolia Group located in Warsaw regarding assessment of probability of failure in DHN （district heating network）. This work is a part of a project dedicated to develop a software which objective is to increase reliability of DHN. The research methods consisted of three approaches. First, using database of failures which happened in Warsaw DHN and repairing protocols from past 10 years, a statistics approach was applied to perform first analysis. The result was that pipelines with nominal diameter DN （nominal diameter） ≤ 150 had higher failure rate per km, than pipelines with DN 〉 150. The next step of research was to study influence of internal （corrosion caused by heat carrier, quality of materials） and external （stray currents） factor in order to assess its individual influence on failure rate of pipe and explain reasons of differences in failure rate. To end a FMEA （failure mode and＇effects analysis） will aim to identify the main failures modes appearing on DHN, to estimate the main causes of these failures and to propose the best solutions regarding the causes, the costs and the means available.

Study on Influence of Soil Erosion for Different Covered Patterns in Karst Slope of Sugarcane Planting Regions

Sugarcane production is mainly slope cultivation, so soil erosion was serious. The results showed that the different coverage methods have a higher production rate of 39.26%-41.22%, than the control treatment （blank） without covering, so yield-increasing effect was significant. As annual rainfall is around 1,250 mm and the control treatment（blank） without covering, the whole year of fertilizer runoff was 175 mm, the average soil content of runoff water was 2.22 g/L, and the total amount of soil loss was 3585.0 kg/ha. The treatment with farmer fertilization practice ＋ plastic film mulching annual runoff water was 153 mm, the average soil content of runoff water was 2.30 g/L, and the total soil loss of volume was 3183.0 kg/ha. The treatment with optimize fertilization ＋ plastic film mulching annual runoff water was 141mm, the average soil content of runoff water was 2.42 g/L, and the total amount of soil loss was 2958.0 kg/ha. Sugarcane leaves covered treatment runoff did not occur throughout the year. The coverage of treatment compared with the control treatment, runoff water reduction is in the range of 12.6-16.0%, is 15.8-23.8% reduction in the amount of runoff soil. Treatment with no fertilization nutrient N loss was 5.760 kg/ha, and P205 loss was 2.565 kg/ha in runoff water. Farmer fertilization treatments the nutrient N loss was 12.435 kg/ha, and the loss P205 was mulching treatment nutrient N loss was 7.755 kg/ha, and P205 loss was 3.960 kg/ha in water runoff. Optimizing fertilization ＋ plastic 3.540 kg/ha in runoff water.

Effect of Land Use on Soil Erosion and Nutrients in Dianchi Lake Watershed, China

Soil erosion and loss of soil nutrients have been a crucial environment threat in Southwest China. The land use and its impact on soil qualities continue to be highlighted. The present study was conducted to compare soil erosion under four land use types(i.e.,forestland, abandoned farmland, tillage, and grassland) and their effects on soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in the Shuanglong catchment of the Dianchi Lake watershed, China. There were large variations in the erosion rate and the nutrient distributions across the four land use types. The erosion rates estimated by137 Cs averaged 2 133 t km-2year-1under tillage and abandoned farmland over the erosion rate of non-cultivated sites, and the grasslands showed a net deposition. For all sites, the nutrient contents basically decreased with the soil depth. Compared with tillage and abandoned farmland, grassland had the highest SOC and TN contents within 0–40 cm soil layer, followed by forestland. The significant correlations between137 Cs, SOC and TN were observed. The nutrient loss caused by erosion in tillage was the highest. These results suggested that grassland and forestland would be beneficial for SOC and TN sequestration over a long-term period because of their ability to reduce the loss of nutrients by soil erosion. Our study demonstrated that reduction of nutrient loss in the red soil area could be made through well-managed vegetation restoration measures.

Numerical Simulation of Multistory Building Fire with Zone-Modeling Method

Based on the basic idea of zone modeling method, a two-layer zone model is developed and programmed to calculate the fire growth and smoke spread in a multi-room building subjected to a fire.The related predictiVe equations, numerical simulation method and sub-models implemented in this model are concisely described. A set of experimental data from Cooper’s work at NIST for a two-room compatment fire are chosen for comparison with the model and program, and the numerical results fundamentally agree well with the experimental data. Then, an example of numerical calculation of a two-story building fire is presented, and the relevant output results are given and analyzed.

Effect of Drainage Ditch Layout on Nitrogen Loss by Runoff from an Agricultural Watershed

A comparison experiment was performed, by designing one field ditch （D1 treatment）, two field ditches （D2 treatment）, three field ditches （D3 treatment）, and no field ditch （CK treatment）, in an upland of a small agricultural watershed in Nanjing-Zhenjiang hilly regions to observe the farmland surface runoff and N loss characteristics under the different layouts of field ditch. As the layout density of field ditch increased, the drainage effect was improved, the timing of the runoff peak was advanced, and also the peak flow was augmented. At the same time, both the concentration and accumulated transfer flux of total nitrogen （TN） were improved, and thereinto the accumulated transfer fluxes of TN under D3, D2 and D1 treatments were increased by 1.46, 1.34 and 1.16 times, respectively, than that under CK treatment. However, the accumulated transfer fluxes of nitrate-nitrogen （NO3-N） and ammonium-nitrogen （NH4＋-N） under D3, D2 and D1 treatments were reduced by 33.9%, 21.4% and 8.6%, and 35.8%, 24.7% and 12.2%, respectively, compared with those under CK treatment. Under CK treatment, the NO3-N and NH4＋-N concentrations were more sensitive to rainfall intensity than the TN concentration. There were significant linear relationships between the transfer fluxes of TN, NO3-N and NH^-N and the runoff flux, with the correlation coefficients of 0.942, 0.899 and 0.912, respectively. In addition, this correlation was also influenced by the layout density of field ditch. Therefore, the environmental effect should be taken into account when designing and constructing field ditches. Especially in the regions of severe fertilizer loss, the approaches of properly increasing the drainage area and decreasing the layout density of field ditch could be adopted under the precondition of avoiding crops from waterlogging.