网络域名抢注和商标权保护

探讨了域名抢注可能造成的商标侵权问题,就保护网络空间的商标权提出建议。

汉语音译语素的语源标注及汉语教学

音译语素的语源标注是辞书释义不可或缺的部分,对准确理解音译词语的理据和含义具有一定的作用。文章以《现代汉语词典》(第5版)为例,对现代辞书中部分音译语素的语源失注问题进行初探,分析其产生的主要原因:(1)编纂者未能积极吸收学界关于音译外来词的研究成果;(2)编纂者未能保持同一音译语素语源标注的周遍性。文章还谈及音译语素的语源标注与汉语教学的关系问题,认为现代辞书应当在音译语素的语源标注上花大力气,更好地为广大读者服务,为社会服务。

王力《古代汉语》词语注释疏误指正

王力先生主编的《古代汉语》虽多次修订 ,改正了一些注释错误 ,但至今仍有误注、失注。本文谨就教材尚存的词语注释问题 ,结合具体用例 。

钱曾《牧斋有学集诗注》注释问题举隅

钱曾《牧斋有学集诗注》对钱谦益《有学集》的用典作出了详密而准确的注释,具有较高的学术价值,是历史上较为著名的诗歌注本。但也存在误注、缺注和失注的问题,误注有穿凿附会、误引书证、误解诗意、误解典故、不知有典等五种情形。缺注虽有注释,但并不完整;失注是该注而未注。三种情况在古代诗歌注释的实践中有一定代表性。

中学古文通假字注释疏误例说

中语课本对古文通假字的注释存在着疏误：课文中明显使用了通假字，注释却未予注明。本文针对课本中所涉及的主要例字，从词语运用的角度进行辨析论证。

《中国古代文学作品选》“宋辽金部分”献疑

现在高校流行的《中国古代文学作品选》,属于"国家‘九五’规划重点教材"。其中第四卷"宋辽金部分",在诗词的语词注释、句意阐释以及疑难语词的失注等方面,还存在一些需要推敲的地方,就此奉以疑议。

Automatic road extraction framework based on codec network

Road extraction based on deep learning is one of hot spots of semantic segmentation in the past decade.In this work,we proposed a framework based on codec network for automatic road extraction from remote sensing images.Firstly,a pre-trained ResNet34 was migrated to U-Net and its encoding structure was replaced to deepen the number of network layers,which reduces the error rate of road segmentation and the loss of details.Secondly,dilated convolution was used to connect the encoder and the decoder of network to expand the receptive field and retain more low-dimensional information of the image.Afterwards,the channel attention mechanism was used to select the information of the feature image obtained by up-sampling of the encoder,the weights of target features were optimized to enhance the features of target region and suppress the features of background and noise regions,and thus the feature extraction effect of the remote sensing image with complex background was optimized.Finally,an adaptive sigmoid loss function was proposed,which optimizes the imbalance between the road and the background,and makes the model reach the optimal solution.Experimental results show that compared with several semantic segmentation networks,the proposed method can greatly reduce the error rate of road segmentation and effectively improve the accuracy of road extraction from remote sensing images.

Influence of casting module on corrosion behavior of Mg-11Gd-3Y alloy

The influences of two kinds of casting modules of metal casting （MC） and expandable pattern casting （EPC） on the corrosion behavior of Mg-11Gd-3Y alloy were studied by electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis. It is found that the quantity of the Mg 24 （Gd, Y） 5 phase in MC is more than that in EPC due to the cooling rate. There is more alloying element dissolved in the matrix compared with MC. For EPC, the galvanic corrosion effect between the matrix and the Mg 24 （Gd, Y） 5 phase decreases and the corrosion resistance increases compared with the MC. The chief corrosion mode for Mg-11Gd-3Y alloy is pitting corrosion because most of the alloying elements are transformed into intermetallic phases. The average corrosion rate of the MC alloy in the immersion test is five times higher than that of EPC alloy and yttrium is present in the product film, which will provide increased protection for Mg-11Gd-3Y alloy. The electrochemical measurements and immersion test show that the EPC process increases the corrosion resistance compared with the MC Mg-11Gd-3Y alloy.

Failure mechanism of bolting support and high-strength bolt-grouting technology for deep and soft surrounding rock with high stress

In deep underground mining, the surrounding rocks are very soft with high stress. Their deformation and destruction are serious, and frequent failures occur on the bolt support. The failure mechanism of bolt support is proposed to solve these problems. A calculation theory is established on the bond strength of the interface between the anchoring agent and surrounding rocks. An analysis is made on the influence law of different mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks on the interfacial bond strength. Based on the research, a new high-strength bolt-grouting technology is developed and applied on site. Besides, some helpful engineering suggestions and measures are proposed. The research shows that the serious deformation and failure, and the lower bond strength are the major factors causing frequent failures of bolt support. So, the bolt could not give full play to its supporting potential. It is also shown that as the integrity, strength, interface dilatancy and stress of surrounding rocks are improved, the bond strength will increase. So, the anchoring force on surrounding rocks can be effectively improved by employing an anchoring agent with high sand content, mechanical anchoring means, or grouting reinforcement. The new technology has advantages in a high strength, imposing pre-tightening force, and giving full play to the bolt supporting potential. Hence, it can improve the control effect on surrounding rocks. All these could be helpful references for the design of bolt support in deep underground mines.

Mechanical properties and failure characteristics of fractured sandstone with grouting and anchorage

Based on uniaxial compression experimental results on fractured sandstone with grouting and anchorage, we studied the strength and deformation properties, the failure model, crack formation and evolution laws of fractured sandstone under different conditions of anchorage. The experimental results show that the strength and elastic modulus of fractured sandstone with different fracture angles are significantly lower than those of intact sandstone. Compared with the fractured samples without anchorage,the peak strength, residual strength, peak and ultimate axial strain of fractured sandstone under different anchorage increase by 64.5–320.0%, 62.8–493.0%, and 31.6–181.4%, respectively. The number of bolts and degree of pre-stress has certain effects on the peak strength and failure model of fractured sandstone. The peak strength of fractured sandstone under different anchorage increases to some extent, and the failure model of fractured sandstone also transforms from tensile failure to tensile–shear mixed failure with the number of bolts. The pre-stress can restrain the formation and evolution process of tensile cracks, delay the failure process of fractured sandstone under anchorage and impel the transformation of failure model from brittle failure to plastic failure.

Improved YOLOX Remote Sensing Image Object Detection Algorithm

Remote sensing image object detection is one of the core tasks of remote sensing image processing.In recent years,with the development of deep learning,great progress has been made in object detection in remote sensing.However,the problems of dense small targets,complex backgrounds and poor target positioning accuracy in remote sensing images make the detection of remote sensing targets still difficult.In order to solve these problems,this research proposes a remote sensing image object detection algorithm based on improved YOLOX-S.Firstly,the Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)module is introduced to improve the network's ability to extract features in the image and suppress useless information such as background;Secondly,the loss function is optimized to improve the regression accuracy of the target bounding box.We evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm on the NWPU VHR-10 remote sensing image dataset,the experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the algorithm can reach 95.5%,without increasing the amount of parameters.It is significantly improved compared with that of the original YOLOX-S network,and the detection performance is much better than that of some other mainstream remote sensing image detection methods.Besides,our method also shows good generalization detection performance in experiments on aircraft images in the RSOD dataset.

Acupuncture for insomnia attention deficit and the influence of nerve electrophysiology

Objective： To test the neural electrophysiological basis of acupuncture treatment on attention deficit of insomnia patients.Methods： Thirty insomnia attention deficit patients were enrolled as the patient group in this study, and30 normal people were collected as the normal group as the compare. In patient group, acupuncture was adopted and the acupoints were Bǎihui（百会GV20）, Shéntíng（神庭 GV24）, Sìshéncōng（四神聪 EX-HN1）,Shenmen（神门 HT7） and Sānyīnjiāo（三阴交 SP6）, even reinforcing and reducing method, once a day, 10 times as a course and totally 2 courses. There was no intervention for the normal group. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index（PSQI） for assessing the sleep quality, Schulte grid scale and the event-related potential（ERP） for assessing the attention deficit were evaluated before the treatment, 10 days after the treatment and after the treatment. The normal group were taken evaluation at the same time point.Results： 1. PSQI. The PSQI score in the patient group before the treatment was（16.20 ±2.02） and was（4.20 ±1.64） after the treatment. The difference was statistically significant（P0.05）. The normal group was（4.00 ± 1.52） at the same point after the treatment, and the differences was not statistically significant（P〈0.05）. 2. Schulte grid scale. The Schulte grid scale rating score was decrease from（32.87 ± 6.71）s before the treatment to（12.82 ±3.40） s after the treatment, and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The normal group was（12.29 ± 3.47） s at the same point after the treatment, and the differences was not statistically significant（P〈0.05）. 3. ERP.（1） P300： in the patient group, the latency of P3 a decreased from（316.60 ± 18.42） ms before the treatment to（300.10 ± 12.03） ms after the treatment;the latency of P3 b decreased from（328.32 士 16.32） ms before the treatment to（304.63 ± 13.248） ms after the treatment; the amplitude of P3 a increased from（5.501.16） μV before the treatment to（15.20 士 2.12）μV after the treatment; the amplitude of P3 b increased from（5.76 士 1.87） μV before the treatment to（16.76 ± 2.37） μV after the treatment, and the differences were statistically significant（all P〈0.05）.（2）CNV： in the patient group, the latency of point A decreased from（404 ±129） ms before the treatment to（369 ± 105） ms after the treatment; the latency of point C decreased from（2584 ± 563） ms before the treatment to（2308 士 369） ms after the treatment; the amplitude of A-B increased from（10.3 ±17.4）μV before the treatment to（13.7 ±24.8） μV after the treatment, and the differences were statistically significant（all P〈0.05）.Conclusion： Acupuncture can improve the sleep quality and the attention deficit condition of insomnia attention deficit patients by regulating the nerve electrophysiology of the brain.

Relationship between microdeletion on Y chromosome and patients with idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in the Chinese

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between microdeletion or mutation on the Y chromosome and Chinese patients with idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia and to establish a molecular detection method.Methods Microdeletion or mutation detection at the AZFa (sY84 and USP9Y), AZFb, AZFc/DAZ and SRY regions of the Y chromosome. Seventy-three azoospermia and 28 severe oligozoospermia patients were evaluated using PCR and PCR-SSCP techniques.Results Twelve of 101 patients (12%) with the AZFc/DAZ microdeletion were found, including 8 with azoospermia (11%) and 4 with severe oligozoospermia (14.3%), and 1 patient had a AZFb and AZFc/DAZ double deletion. No deletions in the AZFa or SRY regions were found. No deletions in AZFa, AZFb, AZFc/DAZ or SRY regions were found in 60 normal men who had produced one or more children.Conclusions Microdeletion on the Y chromosome, especially at its AZFc/DAZ regions, may be a major cause of azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia leading to male infertility in China. It is recommended that patients have genetic counseling and microdeletion detection on the Y chromosome before intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

High-Consistency Behavior Modeling of a Switched-Capacitor Sigma-Delta Modulator in SIMULINK

To improve the simulation accuracy of SIMULINK, a novel inclusive behavior model of an integrator is proposed that introduces the effects of different circuit nonidealities of a switched-capacitor sigma-delta modulator into SIMULIK simulation. The nonlinear DC gain and nonlinear settling process are introduced into the op-amp module. The signaldependent charge injection and nonlinear resistance are introduced into the switch module. In addition, the noise source including flicker and thermal noise is introduced into system as an independent module. The novel model is verified by SIMULINK behavioral simulations. The results are compared with results from circuit level simulation in Cadence SPICE using TSMC 0.35μm mixed signal technology. It shows that the novel model succeeds in introducing the influences of the nonidealities into behavior simulation to more realistically describe the circuit performances and increase the accuracy of SIMULINK simulation.

Research Progress of Acupuncture-moxibustion for Insomnia: An Analysis of Literature in Recent 5 Years

By searching and analyzing the literature related to acupuncture- moxibustion in treating insomnia in both Chinese and English databases from 2007 to 2012, this paper systematically elaborated the up-to-date research progress of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy in treating insomnia, i.e. acupuncture, electroacupuncture, auricular point, abdominal acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, acupoint injection, and moxibustion. It also analyzed the existing problems and highlighted the future studies.

Effect of methylprednisolone on reperfusion injury in severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock

Objective: To study the effect of methylprednisolone (MP) on reperfusion injury in severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and explore the possible mechanism involved. Methods: Twelve dogs were randomly divided into two groups, control group (Group I, n=6) and MP group (Group II, n=6). The animals were bled continuously from a femoral artery catheter to produce uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock models. Resuscitation with lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution was initiated when mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased to 20 mm Hg, and MAP was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg. MP (4 mg/kg) was injected intravenously in Group II when resuscitation began. While in Group I, normal saline (NS) was injected instead. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before exsanguination (T 1), when MAP decreased to 20 mm Hg (T 2), 60 min (T 3) and 120 min (T 4) after resuscitation. Heart rate, MAP and cardiac output (CO) levels were recorded concomitantly. Results: Infusion volume and hemorrhage volume shed from the superior mesenteric artery in Group I were higher than those in Group II (P< 0.01 and P< 0.05). After reperfusion, blood SOD levels decreased progressively and MDA levels increased rapidly in Group I. In Group II, blood SOD levels at T 3 and T 4 decreased as compared with that at T 1 but a stepwise increase was present. At T 4, blood SOD level was significantly higher in Group II than in Group I (P< 0.01). At T 3 and T 4, MDA levels were markedly lower in Group II than in Group I. During reperfusion, MAP was more steady in Group II than in Group I and survival rate after 120 min (at T 4) was higher in Group II than in Group I (P< 0.05). Conclusions: MP has a protective effect on severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and subsequent reperfusion injury. The mechanism mainly involves the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of MP.

Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) effect the expression of CaL-α1C and K_(ATP)-Kir6.1 mRNA of the myocardial cell membrane in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia rats

OBJECTIVE： To observe the impact of total flavo- noids from Ganshanbian （Herba Hyperici Attenuati） on the expression of vascular smooth muscle mem-brane L-type calcium channel alpha1 C subunit （CaL-olC） and ATP-sensitive K＋ channel （KATp）-Kir6.1 mRNA, and explore the mechanisms of the antiar- rhythmic effect of Ganshanbian （Herba Hyperici At- tenuatl~ total flavonoids. METHODS： The treatment vonoids from Ganshanbian group was fed total fla- （Herba Hyperici Attenua- ti） for 7 days by gavage with 100 mg. kg-~. d 1. The blank control group and model control group were given the same amount of normal saline for 7 do Ar- rhythmias were induced by performing a myocardi- al ischemia-reperfusion and electrocardiogram was observed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of CaL-a 1Cand KATp-Kir6.1 mRNA in the myocardial cell mem- brane of all groups of rats. RESULTS： Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian （Her- ba Hyperici Attenuat can delay the appearance of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias, shorten the duration of myocardial ischemia reper- fusion arrhythmias, reduce heart rate, reduce cell membrane expression of CaL-a1C mRNA and en- hance the expression of K_ATp-Kir6.1 mRNA in myocar- dial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmic rats. CONCLUSION： Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian （Herba Hyperici Attenuat can alleviate arrhythmias by affecting the expression of L-type calcium chan- nels and ATP-sensitive K_ATP channels.

Mathematical model of thermal effects of blinking in human eye

Blinking is regarded as the continuous interrupted eyelid closure or opening and its thermal effect will compromise between these two. During a blink, the heat loss via convection, radiation and tear evaporation from cornea is prevented, warm tear is lay- ered across corneal surface and the vessels of the palpebral conjunctiva provide heat to anterior eye. In most of the thermal models in human eye that are found in literatures, effect of blinking is not included, simulation is carried out only in open eye. Thus, in this paper, thermal effects of blinking are investigated using one-dimensional finite element method in transient state case. The bio-heat transfer process is simulated during different blinking rates, lid closure and opening. The simulation is carried out using normal and extreme values of ambient temperatures, blood temperatures, evaporation rates, blood perfusion rates, and lens thermal conduetivities. Blinking is found to increase corneal and lens temperature by 1.29℃ and 0.78℃ respectively when compared to open eye. The results obtained from this model are useful in predicting temperature distribution in different laser eye surgeries, hyperthermia and cryosurgery treatment of eyelid carci- noma, choroidal melanoma and can be used for diagnosing temperature-related diseases.