Objective:This survey was a non-intervention study,which aimed to investigate symptom burden and treatment status in cancer patient with bone metastasis,and to make out whether patients received the normative treatmen...Objective:This survey was a non-intervention study,which aimed to investigate symptom burden and treatment status in cancer patient with bone metastasis,and to make out whether patients received the normative treatment.Methods:We designed a questionnaire,the main items of which include patient's symptom burden,previous and ongoing treatment.We used it to investigate 120 patients from six different medical agencies.We examined the association between symptoms using Spearman's rank correlation.SPSS software was used to analyze data.Results:The data of one hundred one questionnaires were completed and fitted for analysis.The five most prevalent symptoms were fatigue(84.2%),unhappiness(83.2%),pain(77.2%),dry mouth(77.2%) and lack of appetite(73.3%).Three symptom clusters were identified.Cluster 1 included anxiety and unhappiness and accounted for 61.4% in all patients.Cluster 2 included pain,fatigue and constipation and accounted for 39.6% in all patients.Cluster 3 included nausea,vomiting,lack of appetite and accounted for 27.7% in all patients.Cronbach's alpha coefficient demonstrated high internal reliability in the clusters,with a coefficient ranging from 0.65 to 0.84.The proportion of patients receiving analgesic therapy,bisphosphates therapy,palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy were 70.3%,63.4%,58.4% and 36.6% respectively.Pain in various degree was obviously alleviated(P < 0.01) after analgesic therapy.Among the surveyed patients,64 patients received bisphosphates therapy,while the administration of zoledronic acid accounted for the most large proportion.The average duration of bisphosphates administration was 5.79 months(SD = 7.43).Patients who received radiotherapy adopted multiple fractions treating mode.Conclusion:Symptom burden was common and severe in patients with bone metastasis,which often appeared as symptom cluster,and significantly affected their quality of life(QOL).The normative treatment should be strengthened to manage and control patients' symptoms and improve their QOL.The analgesic therapy was normative in patients with bone metastasis.Reasons impeding patients to receive bisphosphates were in varieties.More propaganda should be done to generalized bisphosphates therapy for patients with bone metastasis.展开更多
AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy(Al-Mg-Si alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high specific strength and good corrosion resistance.Compared with the fusion welding p...AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy(Al-Mg-Si alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high specific strength and good corrosion resistance.Compared with the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys,friction stir welding(FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material welded does not melt and recast.Joint strength is influenced by the grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget region.Hence,an attempt was made to develop empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints.The empirical relationships are developed by response surface methodology(RSM) incorporating FSW tool and process parameters.A linear regression relationship was also established between grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget of FSW joints.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of vibration bounce caused by the contact between moving and stationary contacts in the process of switching on,two-degree-of-freedom motion differential equation of the contact system is...In order to solve the problem of vibration bounce caused by the contact between moving and stationary contacts in the process of switching on,two-degree-of-freedom motion differential equation of the contact system is established.Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the pull in process of AC contactor.The whole process of contact bounce was observed and analyzed by high-speed photography experiment.The theory and experimental results were very similar.The iron core has collided before the contact is separated,which further aggravates the contact bounce.When the iron core bounces collided again,the bounce of the contact was not affected.During the operation of the contactor,the movement of the moving iron core will cause slight vibration of the system.The contact bounce time and the maximum amplitude are reduced.The research results provide a theoretical basis for further control and reduction of contact bounce.展开更多
The author studies the effect of uncertain conductivity on the electroencephalography （EEG） forward problem. A three-layer spherical head model with different and random layer conductivities is considered. Polynomia...The author studies the effect of uncertain conductivity on the electroencephalography （EEG） forward problem. A three-layer spherical head model with different and random layer conductivities is considered. Polynomial Chaos （PC） is used to model the randomness. The author performs a sensitivity and correlation analysis of EEG sensors influenced by uncertain conductivity. The author addressed the sensitivity analysis at three stages： dipole location and moment averaged out, only the dipole moment averaged out, and both fixed. On average, the author observes the least influenced electrodes along the great longitudinal fissure. Also, sensors located closer to a dipole source, are of greater influence to a change in conductivity. The highly influenced sensors were on average located temporal. This was also the case in the correlation analysis. Sensors in the temporal parts of the brain are highly correlated. Whereas the sensors in the occipital and lower frontal region, though they are close together, are not so highly correlated as in the temporal regions. This study clearly shows that intrinsic sensor correlation exists, and therefore cannot be discarded, especially in the inverse problem. In the latter it makes it possible not to specify the conductivities. It also offers an easy but rigorous modeling of the stochastic propagation of uncertain conductivity to sensorial potentials （e.g., making it suited for research on optimal placing of these sensors）.展开更多
文摘Objective:This survey was a non-intervention study,which aimed to investigate symptom burden and treatment status in cancer patient with bone metastasis,and to make out whether patients received the normative treatment.Methods:We designed a questionnaire,the main items of which include patient's symptom burden,previous and ongoing treatment.We used it to investigate 120 patients from six different medical agencies.We examined the association between symptoms using Spearman's rank correlation.SPSS software was used to analyze data.Results:The data of one hundred one questionnaires were completed and fitted for analysis.The five most prevalent symptoms were fatigue(84.2%),unhappiness(83.2%),pain(77.2%),dry mouth(77.2%) and lack of appetite(73.3%).Three symptom clusters were identified.Cluster 1 included anxiety and unhappiness and accounted for 61.4% in all patients.Cluster 2 included pain,fatigue and constipation and accounted for 39.6% in all patients.Cluster 3 included nausea,vomiting,lack of appetite and accounted for 27.7% in all patients.Cronbach's alpha coefficient demonstrated high internal reliability in the clusters,with a coefficient ranging from 0.65 to 0.84.The proportion of patients receiving analgesic therapy,bisphosphates therapy,palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy were 70.3%,63.4%,58.4% and 36.6% respectively.Pain in various degree was obviously alleviated(P < 0.01) after analgesic therapy.Among the surveyed patients,64 patients received bisphosphates therapy,while the administration of zoledronic acid accounted for the most large proportion.The average duration of bisphosphates administration was 5.79 months(SD = 7.43).Patients who received radiotherapy adopted multiple fractions treating mode.Conclusion:Symptom burden was common and severe in patients with bone metastasis,which often appeared as symptom cluster,and significantly affected their quality of life(QOL).The normative treatment should be strengthened to manage and control patients' symptoms and improve their QOL.The analgesic therapy was normative in patients with bone metastasis.Reasons impeding patients to receive bisphosphates were in varieties.More propaganda should be done to generalized bisphosphates therapy for patients with bone metastasis.
文摘AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy(Al-Mg-Si alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high specific strength and good corrosion resistance.Compared with the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys,friction stir welding(FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material welded does not melt and recast.Joint strength is influenced by the grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget region.Hence,an attempt was made to develop empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints.The empirical relationships are developed by response surface methodology(RSM) incorporating FSW tool and process parameters.A linear regression relationship was also established between grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget of FSW joints.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2011J2009)。
文摘In order to solve the problem of vibration bounce caused by the contact between moving and stationary contacts in the process of switching on,two-degree-of-freedom motion differential equation of the contact system is established.Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the pull in process of AC contactor.The whole process of contact bounce was observed and analyzed by high-speed photography experiment.The theory and experimental results were very similar.The iron core has collided before the contact is separated,which further aggravates the contact bounce.When the iron core bounces collided again,the bounce of the contact was not affected.During the operation of the contactor,the movement of the moving iron core will cause slight vibration of the system.The contact bounce time and the maximum amplitude are reduced.The research results provide a theoretical basis for further control and reduction of contact bounce.
文摘The author studies the effect of uncertain conductivity on the electroencephalography （EEG） forward problem. A three-layer spherical head model with different and random layer conductivities is considered. Polynomial Chaos （PC） is used to model the randomness. The author performs a sensitivity and correlation analysis of EEG sensors influenced by uncertain conductivity. The author addressed the sensitivity analysis at three stages： dipole location and moment averaged out, only the dipole moment averaged out, and both fixed. On average, the author observes the least influenced electrodes along the great longitudinal fissure. Also, sensors located closer to a dipole source, are of greater influence to a change in conductivity. The highly influenced sensors were on average located temporal. This was also the case in the correlation analysis. Sensors in the temporal parts of the brain are highly correlated. Whereas the sensors in the occipital and lower frontal region, though they are close together, are not so highly correlated as in the temporal regions. This study clearly shows that intrinsic sensor correlation exists, and therefore cannot be discarded, especially in the inverse problem. In the latter it makes it possible not to specify the conductivities. It also offers an easy but rigorous modeling of the stochastic propagation of uncertain conductivity to sensorial potentials （e.g., making it suited for research on optimal placing of these sensors）.
