喜玛拉雅达波女隐士:藏族女尼邬金曲吉的传记

喜马拉雅藏族文化区域是多元文明的历史交汇区域,藏传佛教在本区域发挥较强的文化凝聚作用,区域内部及跨区域文化交流十分频繁。尼泊尔西北的达波地区是喜马拉雅中段藏族文化区域的西南角,达波北部的藏族文化与南部印度文化界限分明,彼此影响。作者通过对于达波藏族女瑜伽士邬金曲吉生命史的研究,探讨了文献背后本地的历史文化与社会背景,性别界限的社会作用与宗教神圣性的文化超越性。喜马拉雅山地"藏印文化走廊"的文化研究已经成为国际藏学界研究热点,译者希望通过本篇论文使我们进一步了解这种新兴学术趋势。

明清传奇中女尼女道角色特点探微

明清传奇中女尼女道的角色特点概括为3类:为凸显传奇特点,增添故事的曲折性,假借尼道的独特身份,叙述寻常的男女欢爱;在游牧文化的冲击影响下,对佛教道教的清规戒律大加嘲弄;以张大复为代表的一些传奇作者,为尼道树立正面形象,用以宣扬佛教教义。时剧俗化,正剧佛化是明清传奇剧作中女尼女道的最为显著特色。

当代藏族女尼的角色与认同——以康区亚青寺为例

随着时代和社会的发展,对藏族女尼在传统与现代交织中的角色、社会价值和身份认同等问题的研究,已是时代所赋予的话题。本文以亚青寺女尼为例,通过分析女尼在寺院结构、教育、生活中的角色,探讨当代藏文化和藏传佛教的女性观。

泰山羊氏崇佛论述

泰山羊氏家族是山东地区的望族。其族人深受佛教影响,崇佛释教,注经讲佛,刻经造像。尤其是羊氏女子,出家为尼,传经受道,弘扬佛法,对泰山佛教文化事业的发展有突出贡献。羊氏家族的崇佛思想与魏晋玄学有很大关系。

宗教抱负与两性平权——甘南夏河藏传佛教尼僧宗教抱负的人类学调查

随着女性信教人数的增长,女性与宗教的关系越来越受到学界及社会的重视。据对甘南夏河藏传佛教尼僧的调查,70%左右的尼僧是出于对宗教的热爱和追求,这与从前多数尼僧为了逃避现实和生活所迫而出家相比有了巨大的改变,这一变迁的背后是女性在宗教世界与男性平权诉求的一种反映,也是女性地位与藏族社会结构变迁的一种互动。随着社会的发展,基于理性选择而出家的女性在尼僧中所占的比例将会越来越大,而尼僧们的宗教抱负也会越来越高,宗教社会中的两性平权现状将会得到改善。

清初前期之比丘尼研究

明清之际,比丘尼形象颇为不佳。然在清初前期的尼界中,却存在着这样两类比丘尼群体:一类是以弘扬禅法且留有语录偈颂等作品为主要特征的女性禅师;一类是以诗词文才见长的才情女尼。正是这样两种群体的存在,为清初前期之比丘尼赢得了佛教界及世俗文人的认可与尊重,此种现象在佛教史、妇女史及文学史上都是值得研究关注的。

Archetypes of Both Sexes and Their Relations as Reflected in To the Lighthouse

Virginia Woolf＇s To the Lighthouse has gained wide recognition and is regarded by many scholars as her best work This novel is looked upon as an autobiographical novel of her family, and generally considered to represent Woolf＇s viewpoint on the relationship between two sexes. In addition to the feminist approach, this paper intends to study complex relations between male and female characters mainly from an archetypal perspective. Based on the study of archetypes in both sexes, we find that the main characters come through various psychological changes, so that their relations can be summed up respectively, as cooperative and finally harmonious

Abuses of Women in Inheritance Across Cultures： An Exploratory Study of Its Prevalence and Religious Panacea

The patriarchal nature of African society generally lays emphasis on the superiority of men over women in every sphere of life. When a woman dies, in most African societies, her legacy is usually inherited by the husband, children, and her family. But if a man dies, the widow, usually experiences false accusations of killing her husband to deny her share of her husband＇s properties. This paper examines how the dynamics of cultural practices in Nigeria promotes abuse of inheritance rights of women and discusses the possibilities of using Islamic inheritance rules as a divine solution to the abuse of inheritance rights of women. The research questions as follows： what is the nature of women＇s rights to father＇s estate？ What is the nature of widow＇s right to the husband＇s estate？ What is your perception about the Islamic law of inheritance？ The data for this study were collected using questionnaire and simple percentage was used for the analysis. In this respect, a questionnaire was administered to 220 women who were purposely selected from the three major tribes in Lagos state, Nigeria. The result showed that various cultures in Nigeria favour male child, grant male higher rights to land and other properties and promote abuse of inheritance rights against women.

The Cultural Values of Tea in Virginia Woolf＇s The Years

The paper probes into the connotations of tea in Virginia Woolt＇s The Years, showing historical changes of the relationship between women and tea. On the basis of the female characters＇ attitude and their understanding of tea, the tea values shed light on the culturally feminine roles, identity, social identity changes and family position in the Victorian Era and the New Era.

Feminist Perspective on Economic Theory, Policies, and Institutions for Women Workers in the Informal Employment of Indonesian Post-economic Crisis

This paper aims to have a grounded picture regarding the impacts of the economic crises on women workers in the informal employment, identify the economic theory whose application is disadvantageous to the women home-based workers, support recognition of women homeworkers by the policy makers, and empower the workers through exercising their rights. Research methodology for women＇s studies from a feminist perspective is employed covering action-oriented research initiating from the grounded issues, a bottom-up approach, and a participatory method where the researchers act as facilitators. It is necessarily a longitudinal research work with a new paradigm to change the women＇s situation. This methodology is deemed effective to identify impacts of the crises as described in the paper. It can be found that the root cause of women workers＇ exploitation is the economic efficiency theory, while policy development should be specifically designed along with engendering policy makers. Exercising the rights to organize the unorganized women home-based workers is no way repeatable from standard practice of organizing formal workers. All these require action of committed and skilled feminists with adequate praxis resources.

Long-term results of single-procedure catheter ablation for atrial fibrillationin pre-and post-menopausal women

Objectives To address whether menopause affects outcome of catheter ablation （CA） for atrial fibrillation （AF） by comparing the safety and long-term outcome of a single-procedure in pre-and post-menopausal women. Methods A total of 743 female patients who underwent a single CA procedure of drug-refractory AF were retrospectively analyzed. The differences in clinical presentation and outcomes of CA for AF between the pre-menopausal women （PreM group, 94 patients, 12.7%） and the post-menopausal women （PostM group, 649 patients, 87.3%） were assessed. Results The patients in the PreM group were younger （P＆lt;0.001） and less likely to have hypertension （P＆lt;0.001） and diabetes （P=0.005） than those in the PostM group. The two groups were similar with regards to the proportion of concomitant mitral valve regurgitation coronary artery disease, left atrium dimensions, and left ventricular ejection fraction. The overall rate of complica-tions related to AF ablation was similar in both groups （P=0.385）. After 43 （16-108） months of follow-up, the success rate of ablation was 54.3%in the PreM group and 54.2%in the PostM group （P=0.842）. The overall freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was simi-lar in both groups. Menopause was not found to be an independent predictive factor of the recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia. Conclusions The long-term outcomes of single-procedure CA for AF are similar in pre-and post-menopausal women. Results indicated that CA of AF appears to be as safe and effective in pre-menopausal women as in post-menopausal women.

Women, Conflict and Politics： Assessing Margaret Ekpo＇s Approach to Political Emancipation and Liberation in Nigeria

For generations, the potential of Nigerian women to contribute effectively to national development seems to be suppressed by many factors which cut across religious, environmental and cultural constraints. Consequently, women have strongly resolved to renegotiate their relevance through the adoption and utilization of various initiatives. At the forefront, one of these initiatives early in time was Margaret Ekpo （1914-2006）, a Nigerian female political activist who unilaterally began radical movements in parts of Nigeria to transform the political consciousness of the Nigerian women, and to reverse gender-related inequalities in the country. This paper sets out to evaluate her approaches to what could be described as political re-engineering. It develops a framework drawing from theories of conflict resolution and the principles of liberalism and feminism. Findings show that despite of the limited formal education and political ideologies to which she was exposed to, she was able to rise above the prevailing challenges of her time to build a firm pedestal upon which many women politicians in Nigeria have stood to launch themselves to political limelight. The study concludes that the principles of liberalism and a desire to foster the political development of Nigeria account for Margaret Ekpo＇s venture into the political field.

Trace Metals in PM_(2.5):A Story beyond Border

In a lab of the CAS Institute of Process Engineering（IPE）in Beijing,Winifred Uduak Anake,a visiting woman scientist from Covenant University.Nigeria was dashing to finish testing the 100 plus samples she collected from her home country.＂1 am trying to find out the type and amount of hazardous trace metals bound to the tiny particles trapped on the filters,＂she explained：＂out of worries about their possible threat to human health.＂Before concluding her three-month stay she needed to complete examining the morphology of the particles,total trace metals,

Multicultural Women＇s Views on the First World War in Virginia Woolf＇ s Mrs. Dalloway

This year highlights the centenary of the outbreak of World War I and this paper aims at comparing and contrasting multicultural views on the First World War in Virginia Woolf＇s Mrs. Dalloway （1925）. The views on the First War are portrayed by a plurality of voices, most of which are women＇s, and they allow readers to think of the war experience in a more subjective but also more plural way. In this novel, voices from both sides of the First War resonate, i.e., the hegemonic side of the war--the Allies--is compared and contrasted to the subjectivity of the voices of the ＂others＂--the Axis, although they do not necessarily work in harmony. Such innovation in point of view has, in great part, contributed to converging story and history, allowing this literary work to partake in the production of historical knowledge and cultural memory of the War.

Entrepreneurial Mind-Set Among Female University Students： A Study of University of Jos Students, Nigeria

In today＇s world, entrepreneurship is seen as the vital source for economic growth, and education in the creation and development of entrepreneurial attitudes. It is, therefore, natural to consider female students as the primary resource of future entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship as a career option is becoming increasingly desirable. Responding to this need, many colleges and universities around the world have significantly increased their offerings of entrepreneurship courses over the past 25 years. Entrepreneurship courses are not only offered by Business Institutes, but other faculties like Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Engineering, and Information Technology are also offering these courses in their syllabus. The problem under focus was to examine entrepreneurial mindset among female university students, a study of University of Jos. The study also ascertained the rate at which variables like： perception of entrepreneurship, role model and university＇s role to promote entrepreneurship are translated into entrepreneurial mindset of female students of University of Jos. A sample size of about 400 was adopted from the three Faculties of Management Science, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences which were selected at random. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using simple percentage and presented in tables and charts, the hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and university female students＇ entrepreneurial mindset which was tested using z-test analyses of population proportion earlier conducted. This implies a weak relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and university female students＇ entrepreneurial mindset. Based on the above inference, the research recommended that, as providers of entrepreneurship trainings, universities must create entrepreneurship supportive environment that could encourage entrepreneurial activity which would in turn help develop an enterprise culture among the female students.

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES TREATED BY THE APPLICATION OF THE EXTRA POINT SISHENCONG

The president of our hospital, Dr. Chen Daoyi, has rich experience in the clinical us age of Sishencong (Extra 6). Having learnt from him, now Ⅰ present a few cases, in which the patients have been treated with this extra point.