Starting with a simple presentation of location determination techniques, physical location and geographic location as two common kinds of location description methods are discussed. The semantic location concept is t...Starting with a simple presentation of location determination techniques, physical location and geographic location as two common kinds of location description methods are discussed. The semantic location concept is then introduced and a correction is given, which especially emphasizes that location property is an important part of semantic location. By analyzing the connotation and extension of every geographic location, what should be contained in a location property is determined. Using a hierarchical model, the relations and associations among locations are clearly described. To realize a formalized description of semantic location, an ontology technique that can adequately describe semantic information of location is used. Organized by ontology web language, a location ontology model allows semantic location to be read and processed by computer. The location ontology model realizes the knowledge description of location information and establishes an important foundation to personalized preference services in location based services.展开更多
Web service recommendation is one of the most important fi elds of research in the area of service computing. The two core problems of Web service recommendation are the prediction of unknown Qo S property values and ...Web service recommendation is one of the most important fi elds of research in the area of service computing. The two core problems of Web service recommendation are the prediction of unknown Qo S property values and the evaluation of overall Qo S according to user preferences. Aiming to address these two problems and their current challenges, we propose two efficient approaches to solve these problems. First, unknown Qo S property values were predicted by modeling the high-dimensional Qo S data as tensors, by utilizing an important tensor operation, i.e., tensor composition, to predict these Qo S values. Our method, which considers all Qo S dimensions integrally and uniformly, allows us to predict multi-dimensional Qo S values accurately and easily. Second, the overall Qo S was evaluated by proposing an efficient user preference learning method, which learns user preferences based on users' ratings history data, allowing us to obtain user preferences quantifiably and accurately. By solving these two core problems, it became possible to compute a realistic value for the overall Qo S. The experimental results showed our proposed methods to be more efficient than existing methods.展开更多
The U.S. Supreme Court gave the privately owned company Hobby Lobby the authority to deny healthcare coverage to its employees, a decision by a secular authority involving the owner＇s religious beliefs. In France, th...The U.S. Supreme Court gave the privately owned company Hobby Lobby the authority to deny healthcare coverage to its employees, a decision by a secular authority involving the owner＇s religious beliefs. In France, the first issue released by the secular magazine Charlie Hebdo after the terrorist attack depicted a religious figure declaring, ＂All is forgiven.＂ In each instance the boundaries between the ＂secular＂ and ＂religious＂ were transgressed. In the academic study of religion, an additional direction methodology needs to take involves the lens formed by academic concepts and categories as shaped by the historical development of the university＇s discourses and lines of inquiry. The university is an epistemological project and we look ＂out there＂ through concepts and categories formed ＂in here＂, inside of the history of ＂the university＂. It is another dimension to the problem of the insider/outsider. This paper will use the characteristics of interdisciplinarity to historicize how the university as an epistemological project has developed the concepts of ＂religion＂, the ＂secular＂, and the binary they form, in order to suggest directions for their use to interpret events in the 21 st century through the academic study of religion.展开更多
Evaluations connect ecosystem and human welfare to achieve restoration. There have been an increasing number of studies conducted on various ecosystem service assessments, but little research has focused on inland riv...Evaluations connect ecosystem and human welfare to achieve restoration. There have been an increasing number of studies conducted on various ecosystem service assessments, but little research has focused on inland river basins playing a critical role in development in northwestern China. The distinct differences in natural endowment, socioeconomic characteristics among the upper, middle and downstream inland river basin require heterogeneity during evaluation. The objective of this study was to verify the existence of population preference heterogeneity and examine impact factors using choice experiment surveys in the Shiyang River Basin, China. A mixed logit model using data from 714 households across the entire basin estimated mean willingness to pay and the standard deviation for ecological attributes. Ordinary least squares（OLS） was employed to estimate the effects of exogenous variables on all willingness to pay estimations. The results demonstrate that ecosystem service values are heterogeneous among people. Willingness to pay is affected by personal and regional characteristics. Government involvement will be required to seek differentiated ecosystem services values among populations and facilitate public support.展开更多
Unbalanced development is a prominent issue in China＇s present social and economic operation. It is generally believed that the lack of public services is the direct cause of this problem and that the crux of the iss...Unbalanced development is a prominent issue in China＇s present social and economic operation. It is generally believed that the lack of public services is the direct cause of this problem and that the crux of the issue is the absence of government responsibility. If one distinguishes between two types of unbalanced development, the ＂development stage＂ type and the ＂government responsibility＂ type. it becomes clear that factors related to both supply and demand for public services have together produced the present surge in unbalanced economic development in China, a situation characterized by the combination of the two types of unbalanced development. The economic system of the transition period has limited government efficiency and biased government behavior, so it is the fundamental crux of the current problem. To solve this problem, it will be necessary not only to require that the government assume more responsibility for public services, but also, more importantly, to speed up resolution of the systemic problems that give rise to this bias in government behavior against the background of system transition.展开更多
基金Supported by the Open Research Fund Program of the Geomatics and Applications Laboratory, Liaoning Technical University (No. 2005001).
文摘Starting with a simple presentation of location determination techniques, physical location and geographic location as two common kinds of location description methods are discussed. The semantic location concept is then introduced and a correction is given, which especially emphasizes that location property is an important part of semantic location. By analyzing the connotation and extension of every geographic location, what should be contained in a location property is determined. Using a hierarchical model, the relations and associations among locations are clearly described. To realize a formalized description of semantic location, an ontology technique that can adequately describe semantic information of location is used. Organized by ontology web language, a location ontology model allows semantic location to be read and processed by computer. The location ontology model realizes the knowledge description of location information and establishes an important foundation to personalized preference services in location based services.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing under Grant No.4132048NSFC (61472047),and NSFC (61202435)
文摘Web service recommendation is one of the most important fi elds of research in the area of service computing. The two core problems of Web service recommendation are the prediction of unknown Qo S property values and the evaluation of overall Qo S according to user preferences. Aiming to address these two problems and their current challenges, we propose two efficient approaches to solve these problems. First, unknown Qo S property values were predicted by modeling the high-dimensional Qo S data as tensors, by utilizing an important tensor operation, i.e., tensor composition, to predict these Qo S values. Our method, which considers all Qo S dimensions integrally and uniformly, allows us to predict multi-dimensional Qo S values accurately and easily. Second, the overall Qo S was evaluated by proposing an efficient user preference learning method, which learns user preferences based on users' ratings history data, allowing us to obtain user preferences quantifiably and accurately. By solving these two core problems, it became possible to compute a realistic value for the overall Qo S. The experimental results showed our proposed methods to be more efficient than existing methods.
文摘The U.S. Supreme Court gave the privately owned company Hobby Lobby the authority to deny healthcare coverage to its employees, a decision by a secular authority involving the owner＇s religious beliefs. In France, the first issue released by the secular magazine Charlie Hebdo after the terrorist attack depicted a religious figure declaring, ＂All is forgiven.＂ In each instance the boundaries between the ＂secular＂ and ＂religious＂ were transgressed. In the academic study of religion, an additional direction methodology needs to take involves the lens formed by academic concepts and categories as shaped by the historical development of the university＇s discourses and lines of inquiry. The university is an epistemological project and we look ＂out there＂ through concepts and categories formed ＂in here＂, inside of the history of ＂the university＂. It is another dimension to the problem of the insider/outsider. This paper will use the characteristics of interdisciplinarity to historicize how the university as an epistemological project has developed the concepts of ＂religion＂, the ＂secular＂, and the binary they form, in order to suggest directions for their use to interpret events in the 21 st century through the academic study of religion.
基金the National Social Science Major Funding(15ZDA052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71373209)
文摘Evaluations connect ecosystem and human welfare to achieve restoration. There have been an increasing number of studies conducted on various ecosystem service assessments, but little research has focused on inland river basins playing a critical role in development in northwestern China. The distinct differences in natural endowment, socioeconomic characteristics among the upper, middle and downstream inland river basin require heterogeneity during evaluation. The objective of this study was to verify the existence of population preference heterogeneity and examine impact factors using choice experiment surveys in the Shiyang River Basin, China. A mixed logit model using data from 714 households across the entire basin estimated mean willingness to pay and the standard deviation for ecological attributes. Ordinary least squares（OLS） was employed to estimate the effects of exogenous variables on all willingness to pay estimations. The results demonstrate that ecosystem service values are heterogeneous among people. Willingness to pay is affected by personal and regional characteristics. Government involvement will be required to seek differentiated ecosystem services values among populations and facilitate public support.
文摘Unbalanced development is a prominent issue in China＇s present social and economic operation. It is generally believed that the lack of public services is the direct cause of this problem and that the crux of the issue is the absence of government responsibility. If one distinguishes between two types of unbalanced development, the ＂development stage＂ type and the ＂government responsibility＂ type. it becomes clear that factors related to both supply and demand for public services have together produced the present surge in unbalanced economic development in China, a situation characterized by the combination of the two types of unbalanced development. The economic system of the transition period has limited government efficiency and biased government behavior, so it is the fundamental crux of the current problem. To solve this problem, it will be necessary not only to require that the government assume more responsibility for public services, but also, more importantly, to speed up resolution of the systemic problems that give rise to this bias in government behavior against the background of system transition.
