We investigate the decision-making problem with a finite set of alternatives,in which the decision information takes the form of a fuzzy preference relation. We develop asimple and practical approach to obtaining the ...We investigate the decision-making problem with a finite set of alternatives,in which the decision information takes the form of a fuzzy preference relation. We develop asimple and practical approach to obtaining the priority vector of a fuzzy preference relation. Theprominent characteristic of the developed approach is that the priority vector can generally beobtained by a simple formula, which is derived from a quadratic programming model. We utilize theconsistency ratio to check the consistency of fuzzy preference relation. If the fuzzy preferencerelation is of unacceptable consistency, then we can return it to the decision maker to reconsiderstructuring a new fuzzy preference relation until the fuzzy preference relation with acceptableconsistency is obtained. We finally illustrate the priority approach by two numerical examples. Thenumerical results show that the developed approach is straightforward, effective, and can easily beperformed on a computer.展开更多
In this paper, for multi objective decision making, the defects on the commonly used interactive methods based on the satisfactoriness criterion is studied. Then a class of two stage interactive method based on the...In this paper, for multi objective decision making, the defects on the commonly used interactive methods based on the satisfactoriness criterion is studied. Then a class of two stage interactive method based on the satisfactoriness criterion is proposed for improvement with the satisfactoriness criterion being determined through the collection of the decision makers preference information. An application example is presented for illustration of applicability of the method.展开更多
Accompanying the development of social economy,the land use model of mountainous area,typically eco-weak area,is changing gradually. Here the establishment of eco-friendly land use model in mountainous area,will pione...Accompanying the development of social economy,the land use model of mountainous area,typically eco-weak area,is changing gradually. Here the establishment of eco-friendly land use model in mountainous area,will pioneer the model of sustainable development in that area. Concerning Qianjiang District of Chongqing Municipality,huge change of land use model,mainly embodied in the unceasing increase of construction land and gradual decrease of agricultural use land,has taken place in recent years. To explore the eco-friendly land use model in mountainous area,Qianjiang District was chosen as the study object in the present study. Via analyzing the changes in land use model,we found that related eco-environment restrictive factors mainly regional climatic change,soil texture,hydrological environment as well as soil erosion and land degradation,etc. And based on these results,we further analyzed the effect of land use change on eco-environment and the factors restricting the maintenance of eco-environment and regional development,finally put forward the counter measures for balancing land use and co-environment in mountainous area. The results will be important for the development of social economy and eco-system construction in Qianjiang District.展开更多
In recent years, research emphasis in the field of SLA （second language acquisition） has shifted to the study of the learning process and behaviors of learners than that of teachers. Researches concerning the learn...In recent years, research emphasis in the field of SLA （second language acquisition） has shifted to the study of the learning process and behaviors of learners than that of teachers. Researches concerning the learners＇ language learning strategies and learning styles have been conducted in different cultural backgrounds. However, comparatively speaking, there are few studies focusing on the relationship between language learning strategies and learning style preferences in English learning among Chinese students. This paper elaborates on the research questions and hypotheses according to the English Learning Questionnaire, which consists primarily of SILL （Strategy Inventory for Language Learning） （Oxford, 1990） and PLSP （Perceptual Learning Style Preference） Survey （Reid, 1987） to identify their English learning strategy uses and learning style preferences. Then, with statistical analysis （by SPSS （Statistical Product and Service Solutions）） of the results of the questionnaire, discussions are made on the correlation between learning strategies, learning style preferences, and their gender differences, followed by pedagogical implications for English teaching and learning in the university settings in China.展开更多
This study is designed to explore the impact of LLS （Language Learning Styles） on learning strategy preferences through questionnaire and data analysis. The aim of the study is to make an through investigation of Ch...This study is designed to explore the impact of LLS （Language Learning Styles） on learning strategy preferences through questionnaire and data analysis. The aim of the study is to make an through investigation of Chinese non-English majors＇ learning styles and their learning strategies in English study, and to analyze the impact of learning styles on learning strategy preferences statistically so as to provide empirical evidence in this field, and then present some implications for college English teaching and learning in Chinese context. This study has significance for pedagogy. Teachers should make language learners aware of their own learning styles and strategy preferences and help them select strategies matching their own style preferences in second language learning. It is hoped that this study can benefit language teachers, learners, and researchers to some extent and can spark more teaching research in the future.展开更多
In recent years,China’s“childcare crisis”has worsened,affecting children,women,families and even society as a whole in multiple ways.A review of the childcare policy since the founding of the People’s Republic of ...In recent years,China’s“childcare crisis”has worsened,affecting children,women,families and even society as a whole in multiple ways.A review of the childcare policy since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 shows that it has shifted from construction to destruction and thence to partial reconstruction,entering a crucial reconstruction stage after the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.To cope effectively with the childcare crisis that has emerged from the changes in population structure and population policies,socioeconomic transformation,family changes,etc.,we need to gain a renewed understanding of the important role of childcare policy in socioeconomic development and in the people’s sense of betterment,in order to build an integrated childcare system with universally accessible benefits in which the state,the market,society and families participate.展开更多
Time, cost, and quality are three key control factors in rockfill dam construction, and the tradeoff among them is important. Research has focused on the construction time-cost-quality tradeoff for the planning or des...Time, cost, and quality are three key control factors in rockfill dam construction, and the tradeoff among them is important. Research has focused on the construction time-cost-quality tradeoff for the planning or design phase, built on static empirical data. However, due to its intrinsic uncertainties, rockfill dam construction is a dynamic process which requires the tradeoffto adjust dynamically to changes in construction conditions. In this study, a dynamic time-cost-quality tradeoff （DTCQT） method is proposed to balance time, cost, and quality at any stage of the construction process. A time-cost-quality tradeoff model is established that considers time cost and quality cost. Time, cost, and quality are dynamically estimated based on real-time monitoring. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） method is applied to quantify the decision preferences among time, cost, and quality as objective weights. In addition, an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA-II） coupled with the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） method is used to search for the optimal compromise solution. A case study project is analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the method, and the efficiency of the proposed optimization method is compared with that of the linear weighted sum （LWS） and NSGA-II.展开更多
Innate preference behaviors are fundamental for animal survival. They actually form the basis for many animal complex behaviors. Recent years have seen significant progresses in disclosing the molecular and neural mec...Innate preference behaviors are fundamental for animal survival. They actually form the basis for many animal complex behaviors. Recent years have seen significant progresses in disclosing the molecular and neural mechanism underlying animal innate preferences, especially in Drosophila. In this review, I will review these studies according to the sensory modalities adopted for preference assaying, such as vision, olfaction, thermal sensation. The behavioral strategies and the theoretic models for the formation of innate preferences are also reviewed and discussed.展开更多
文摘We investigate the decision-making problem with a finite set of alternatives,in which the decision information takes the form of a fuzzy preference relation. We develop asimple and practical approach to obtaining the priority vector of a fuzzy preference relation. Theprominent characteristic of the developed approach is that the priority vector can generally beobtained by a simple formula, which is derived from a quadratic programming model. We utilize theconsistency ratio to check the consistency of fuzzy preference relation. If the fuzzy preferencerelation is of unacceptable consistency, then we can return it to the decision maker to reconsiderstructuring a new fuzzy preference relation until the fuzzy preference relation with acceptableconsistency is obtained. We finally illustrate the priority approach by two numerical examples. Thenumerical results show that the developed approach is straightforward, effective, and can easily beperformed on a computer.
文摘In this paper, for multi objective decision making, the defects on the commonly used interactive methods based on the satisfactoriness criterion is studied. Then a class of two stage interactive method based on the satisfactoriness criterion is proposed for improvement with the satisfactoriness criterion being determined through the collection of the decision makers preference information. An application example is presented for illustration of applicability of the method.
文摘Accompanying the development of social economy,the land use model of mountainous area,typically eco-weak area,is changing gradually. Here the establishment of eco-friendly land use model in mountainous area,will pioneer the model of sustainable development in that area. Concerning Qianjiang District of Chongqing Municipality,huge change of land use model,mainly embodied in the unceasing increase of construction land and gradual decrease of agricultural use land,has taken place in recent years. To explore the eco-friendly land use model in mountainous area,Qianjiang District was chosen as the study object in the present study. Via analyzing the changes in land use model,we found that related eco-environment restrictive factors mainly regional climatic change,soil texture,hydrological environment as well as soil erosion and land degradation,etc. And based on these results,we further analyzed the effect of land use change on eco-environment and the factors restricting the maintenance of eco-environment and regional development,finally put forward the counter measures for balancing land use and co-environment in mountainous area. The results will be important for the development of social economy and eco-system construction in Qianjiang District.
文摘In recent years, research emphasis in the field of SLA （second language acquisition） has shifted to the study of the learning process and behaviors of learners than that of teachers. Researches concerning the learners＇ language learning strategies and learning styles have been conducted in different cultural backgrounds. However, comparatively speaking, there are few studies focusing on the relationship between language learning strategies and learning style preferences in English learning among Chinese students. This paper elaborates on the research questions and hypotheses according to the English Learning Questionnaire, which consists primarily of SILL （Strategy Inventory for Language Learning） （Oxford, 1990） and PLSP （Perceptual Learning Style Preference） Survey （Reid, 1987） to identify their English learning strategy uses and learning style preferences. Then, with statistical analysis （by SPSS （Statistical Product and Service Solutions）） of the results of the questionnaire, discussions are made on the correlation between learning strategies, learning style preferences, and their gender differences, followed by pedagogical implications for English teaching and learning in the university settings in China.
文摘This study is designed to explore the impact of LLS （Language Learning Styles） on learning strategy preferences through questionnaire and data analysis. The aim of the study is to make an through investigation of Chinese non-English majors＇ learning styles and their learning strategies in English study, and to analyze the impact of learning styles on learning strategy preferences statistically so as to provide empirical evidence in this field, and then present some implications for college English teaching and learning in Chinese context. This study has significance for pedagogy. Teachers should make language learners aware of their own learning styles and strategy preferences and help them select strategies matching their own style preferences in second language learning. It is hoped that this study can benefit language teachers, learners, and researchers to some extent and can spark more teaching research in the future.
基金This paper is the phased result of the Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,“Research on the Framework Design of a Modern Social Welfare System with Chinese Characteristics”(15ZDA050).
文摘In recent years,China’s“childcare crisis”has worsened,affecting children,women,families and even society as a whole in multiple ways.A review of the childcare policy since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 shows that it has shifted from construction to destruction and thence to partial reconstruction,entering a crucial reconstruction stage after the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.To cope effectively with the childcare crisis that has emerged from the changes in population structure and population policies,socioeconomic transformation,family changes,etc.,we need to gain a renewed understanding of the important role of childcare policy in socioeconomic development and in the people’s sense of betterment,in order to build an integrated childcare system with universally accessible benefits in which the state,the market,society and families participate.
基金Project supported by the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51621092）, the National Basic Research Program （973 Program） of China （No. 2013CB035904）, and the Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51439005）
文摘Time, cost, and quality are three key control factors in rockfill dam construction, and the tradeoff among them is important. Research has focused on the construction time-cost-quality tradeoff for the planning or design phase, built on static empirical data. However, due to its intrinsic uncertainties, rockfill dam construction is a dynamic process which requires the tradeoffto adjust dynamically to changes in construction conditions. In this study, a dynamic time-cost-quality tradeoff （DTCQT） method is proposed to balance time, cost, and quality at any stage of the construction process. A time-cost-quality tradeoff model is established that considers time cost and quality cost. Time, cost, and quality are dynamically estimated based on real-time monitoring. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） method is applied to quantify the decision preferences among time, cost, and quality as objective weights. In addition, an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA-II） coupled with the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） method is used to search for the optimal compromise solution. A case study project is analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the method, and the efficiency of the proposed optimization method is compared with that of the linear weighted sum （LWS） and NSGA-II.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31070944)
文摘Innate preference behaviors are fundamental for animal survival. They actually form the basis for many animal complex behaviors. Recent years have seen significant progresses in disclosing the molecular and neural mechanism underlying animal innate preferences, especially in Drosophila. In this review, I will review these studies according to the sensory modalities adopted for preference assaying, such as vision, olfaction, thermal sensation. The behavioral strategies and the theoretic models for the formation of innate preferences are also reviewed and discussed.
