热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反...热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反应器实验平台,进行了空气氛围下的储/释热实验,探究了混合加热反应器内的储热特性与限制因素,并在此基础上探究了在反应器尺度改善循环性能的可行方案。实验研究表明,采用直接与间接混合加热的方式,使得反应呈现向心推进与逐层推进相结合的形式,增进了储能反应的速率;反应性能随着循环次数增多逐渐下降,5次循环后的储能反应最大转化率降低了5.6%,10次循环相较于5次循环的反应最大转化率降低了3.8%。TG实验与粒径测试结果表明,空气中CO_(2)是造成循环性能下降的主要因素;提高脱水温度可以有效恢复循环性能,650℃时所提供的过余温度可以有效降低反应物中CaCO_(3)的含量。展开更多
The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendlin...The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendliness.The heat storage process of the Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES system in a mixed heating reactor was evaluated in this study,by employing a combination of direct and indirect heating modes.The dehydration process was studied experimentally,and a numerical model was established and verified based on the experimental results.The dehydration behavior of 500 g of Ca(OH)_(2) powder was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor with mixed heating.The experimental and simulation results indicated that mixed heating causes combined centripetal and horizontal propulsion.Heat input is the main limiting factor in the heat storage process,because the radial advance of the reaction is hindered by the low thermal conductivity of the solid reactant particles.Heat transmission partitions were added to enhance the performance of the reactor.The performance of the modified reactor was compared with that of a conventional reactor.The radial heat transmission partitions in the modified reactor effectively enhance the energy storage rate and reduce the reaction time by 59.5%compared with the reactor without partitions.展开更多
The simultaneous CO_(2) capture and heat storage performances of the modified carbide slag with byproduct of biodiesel were investigated in the process coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 thermochemical heat stora...The simultaneous CO_(2) capture and heat storage performances of the modified carbide slag with byproduct of biodiesel were investigated in the process coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 thermochemical heat storage using air as the heat transfer fluid.The modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel exhibits superior CO_(2) capture and heat storage capacities in the coupled calcium looping and heat storage cycles.The hydration conversion and heat storage density of the modified carbide slag after 30 heat storage cycles are 0.65 mol·mol^(-1) and 1.14 GJ·t^(-1),respectively,which are 1.6 times as high as those of calcined carbide slag.The negative effect of CO_(2) in air as the heat storage fluid on the heat storage capacity of the modified carbide slag is overcome by introducing CO_(2) capture cycles.In addition,the CO_(2) capture reactivity of the modified carbide slag after the multiple calcium looping cycles is enhanced by the introduction of heat storage cycles.By introducing 10 heat storage cycles after the 10th and 15th CO_(2) capture cycles,the CO_(2) capture capacities of the modified carbide slag are subsequently improved by 32%and 43%,respectively.The porous and loose structure of modified carbide slag reduces the diffusion resistances of CO_(2) and steam in the material in the coupled process.The formed CaCO_(3)in the modified carbide slag as a result of air as the heat transfer fluid in heat storage cycles decomposes to regenerate CaO in calcium looping cycles,which improves heat storage capacity.Therefore,the modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel seems promising in the coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)_(2) heat storage cycles.展开更多
The new mixed borates with formula(Rb 2 Ca [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 ·8H 2 O and Cs 2 Ca [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 ·8H 2 O)were prepared by reaction Rb (Cs )-borate aqueous solution with CaCl 2 .Two kinds of compounds w...The new mixed borates with formula(Rb 2 Ca [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 ·8H 2 O and Cs 2 Ca [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 ·8H 2 O)were prepared by reaction Rb (Cs )-borate aqueous solution with CaCl 2 .Two kinds of compounds were characterized by chemical analysis,X-ray powder dif fraction,FT-IR spectra and thermal analysis.展开更多
Thermochemical heat storage is a promising technology for improving thermal energy efficiency. To investigate the durability of the CaO/Ca(OH)2 reaction and develop a reactivation method, repetitive charging/dischargi...Thermochemical heat storage is a promising technology for improving thermal energy efficiency. To investigate the durability of the CaO/Ca(OH)2 reaction and develop a reactivation method, repetitive charging/discharging operation of a packed bed reactor with a thick packed bed was conducted, and variations in the discharging behavior, final conversion, and reactant activity were investigated. Owing to the formation of a deactivated sintered reactant block, the discharging time halved and the final conversion ratio decreased by the 53rd discharging operation. To enhance durability, a reactivation method using high-pressure vapor was implemented during the 54th discharging operation. Following reactivation, the final conversion increased 15%, and the discharging time tripled when compared with the discharging operation before reactivation, confirming the success of this simple reactivation method.展开更多
文摘热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反应器实验平台,进行了空气氛围下的储/释热实验,探究了混合加热反应器内的储热特性与限制因素,并在此基础上探究了在反应器尺度改善循环性能的可行方案。实验研究表明,采用直接与间接混合加热的方式,使得反应呈现向心推进与逐层推进相结合的形式,增进了储能反应的速率;反应性能随着循环次数增多逐渐下降,5次循环后的储能反应最大转化率降低了5.6%,10次循环相较于5次循环的反应最大转化率降低了3.8%。TG实验与粒径测试结果表明,空气中CO_(2)是造成循环性能下降的主要因素;提高脱水温度可以有效恢复循环性能,650℃时所提供的过余温度可以有效降低反应物中CaCO_(3)的含量。
文摘The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendliness.The heat storage process of the Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES system in a mixed heating reactor was evaluated in this study,by employing a combination of direct and indirect heating modes.The dehydration process was studied experimentally,and a numerical model was established and verified based on the experimental results.The dehydration behavior of 500 g of Ca(OH)_(2) powder was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor with mixed heating.The experimental and simulation results indicated that mixed heating causes combined centripetal and horizontal propulsion.Heat input is the main limiting factor in the heat storage process,because the radial advance of the reaction is hindered by the low thermal conductivity of the solid reactant particles.Heat transmission partitions were added to enhance the performance of the reactor.The performance of the modified reactor was compared with that of a conventional reactor.The radial heat transmission partitions in the modified reactor effectively enhance the energy storage rate and reduce the reaction time by 59.5%compared with the reactor without partitions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(51876105)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(2018JC039).
文摘The simultaneous CO_(2) capture and heat storage performances of the modified carbide slag with byproduct of biodiesel were investigated in the process coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 thermochemical heat storage using air as the heat transfer fluid.The modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel exhibits superior CO_(2) capture and heat storage capacities in the coupled calcium looping and heat storage cycles.The hydration conversion and heat storage density of the modified carbide slag after 30 heat storage cycles are 0.65 mol·mol^(-1) and 1.14 GJ·t^(-1),respectively,which are 1.6 times as high as those of calcined carbide slag.The negative effect of CO_(2) in air as the heat storage fluid on the heat storage capacity of the modified carbide slag is overcome by introducing CO_(2) capture cycles.In addition,the CO_(2) capture reactivity of the modified carbide slag after the multiple calcium looping cycles is enhanced by the introduction of heat storage cycles.By introducing 10 heat storage cycles after the 10th and 15th CO_(2) capture cycles,the CO_(2) capture capacities of the modified carbide slag are subsequently improved by 32%and 43%,respectively.The porous and loose structure of modified carbide slag reduces the diffusion resistances of CO_(2) and steam in the material in the coupled process.The formed CaCO_(3)in the modified carbide slag as a result of air as the heat transfer fluid in heat storage cycles decomposes to regenerate CaO in calcium looping cycles,which improves heat storage capacity.Therefore,the modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel seems promising in the coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)_(2) heat storage cycles.
文摘The new mixed borates with formula(Rb 2 Ca [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 ·8H 2 O and Cs 2 Ca [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ] 2 ·8H 2 O)were prepared by reaction Rb (Cs )-borate aqueous solution with CaCl 2 .Two kinds of compounds were characterized by chemical analysis,X-ray powder dif fraction,FT-IR spectra and thermal analysis.
文摘Thermochemical heat storage is a promising technology for improving thermal energy efficiency. To investigate the durability of the CaO/Ca(OH)2 reaction and develop a reactivation method, repetitive charging/discharging operation of a packed bed reactor with a thick packed bed was conducted, and variations in the discharging behavior, final conversion, and reactant activity were investigated. Owing to the formation of a deactivated sintered reactant block, the discharging time halved and the final conversion ratio decreased by the 53rd discharging operation. To enhance durability, a reactivation method using high-pressure vapor was implemented during the 54th discharging operation. Following reactivation, the final conversion increased 15%, and the discharging time tripled when compared with the discharging operation before reactivation, confirming the success of this simple reactivation method.
