The research project ＂BIM--Potentials and Barriers＂ aims to analyze existing BIM practice and the barriers to the implementation of the approach in Germany. Overseen by an ＂advisory board＂ with high-profile field,...The research project ＂BIM--Potentials and Barriers＂ aims to analyze existing BIM practice and the barriers to the implementation of the approach in Germany. Overseen by an ＂advisory board＂ with high-profile field, public-authority and AEC （architecture, engineering and construction market） association representatives, a set of hypotheses has been drawn up and subjected to evaluation by means of a detailed survey. The survey, having identified the relevant stakeholders, first attempts to discover how BIM （building information modeling） is currently used. The potentials of the application of BIM in the different processes and target groups are also determined, as well as the barriers and constraints. Enhancement of the considered areas is an important project solution approach： Besides technological aspects, the analysis also focuses on contracting, norms and processes, as well as education, knowledge and role perception.展开更多
If Europe is to achieve the planned transition to a low carbon economy by 2050, succeeding in improving the energy efficiency of the largely inefficient existing building stock will be pivotal. Certain energy efficien...If Europe is to achieve the planned transition to a low carbon economy by 2050, succeeding in improving the energy efficiency of the largely inefficient existing building stock will be pivotal. Certain energy efficiency retrofitting obligations have now emerged as part of the EU＇s Energy Performance in Buildings Directive and the Energy Efficiency Directive. Challenges for retrofitting currently include gaps in technical skills both amongst building trades and professionals, a lack of awareness of building owners and users, concerns about compromising cultural heritage as well as a lack of viable business models, comparatively high cost and resulting long pay-back periods currently hamper the progress. Lessons can be drawn here form the EU-funded initiative CONCERTO, which helped 58 communities in 23 countries to reduce their dependence on conventional energy supply by implementing energy efficiency measures and integrating renewable energy sources not at single building scale but community scale. Almost all of these entailed retrofitting activities bad to find solutions to the issues mentioned. This paper presents a selection of conclusions regarding retrofitting to be drawn from the analysis undertaken under the project CONCERTO premium, which analysed outcomes across the 58 projects on behalf of the European Commission and focuses in particular on the political relevance of outcomes.展开更多
The objective of the present paper is to describe a technical and economical visibility study of the application of ground source heat pumps （GSHP） in a supermarket in Portugal. The study was developed under the Eur...The objective of the present paper is to describe a technical and economical visibility study of the application of ground source heat pumps （GSHP） in a supermarket in Portugal. The study was developed under the European project ＂Integration of Geothermal Energy Into Industrial Application - IGEIA＂, project number EIE 06/001, supported by the Intelligent Energy for Europe, IEE, of EACI, European Commission. In general for supermarkets installed in single buildings, the building envelope has higher rates of envelope areas per indoor air volume. In Portugal this fact produces high need of heating during the winter season and high cooling needs during the summer season. Inside the building there are strong internal heat loads produced by high densities of lights and equipments. However these internal loads are not distributed uniformly. There are some areas with high production of heat but there are others with production of cooling. Therefore the acclimatization of this kind of buildings is not so easy and the balance of heating and cooling needs is depending of different parameters which should be well evaluated. The energy consummation of the cold display cases and deep freezers in market area and storage is also very high. The different energy needs could be studied in an integrated way and could be partially satisfied by geothermal energy using ground source heat pumps. At the same time the boreholes could be used as an energy reservoir increasing the efficiency of whole system. Four different climatic zones in Portugal were selected, （north coast, interior north, south coast and interior south） using the same system. The results of the study show that the all energy needs can by partially satisfied by geothermal energy but they need to be integrated to increase the global efficiency. The paper shows that the geothermal energy can be an attractive application for the supermarkets in Portugal if the energy solution is studied in an integrated way and if it is also considered as a cost the emissions of CO2 avoid by the new system.展开更多
By the end of 2015, total length of China＇s long-distance gas pipelines has exceeded 70,O00km. Onshore stratey, ic import paths have been formed, domestic trunk networks perfected and gas storages construction pace a...By the end of 2015, total length of China＇s long-distance gas pipelines has exceeded 70,O00km. Onshore stratey, ic import paths have been formed, domestic trunk networks perfected and gas storages construction pace acceh＇rated. The Chinese section of Russia-China East Gas Pipeline was officially commenced, which marked that the northeast import path entered the stage ofconstruction. There are 13 LNG terminals in China. The National Development and Rerorm Commission （NDRC） approved China＇s.first private-owned LNG terminal- the Zhoushan LNG terminal. In the coming.five years, the focus of institutional reform will be the independence of pipelines and networks, the focus of construction will be regional networks and branch pipelines, and joint ventures will be the mainstream for gas pipeline construction and operation.展开更多
文摘The research project ＂BIM--Potentials and Barriers＂ aims to analyze existing BIM practice and the barriers to the implementation of the approach in Germany. Overseen by an ＂advisory board＂ with high-profile field, public-authority and AEC （architecture, engineering and construction market） association representatives, a set of hypotheses has been drawn up and subjected to evaluation by means of a detailed survey. The survey, having identified the relevant stakeholders, first attempts to discover how BIM （building information modeling） is currently used. The potentials of the application of BIM in the different processes and target groups are also determined, as well as the barriers and constraints. Enhancement of the considered areas is an important project solution approach： Besides technological aspects, the analysis also focuses on contracting, norms and processes, as well as education, knowledge and role perception.
文摘If Europe is to achieve the planned transition to a low carbon economy by 2050, succeeding in improving the energy efficiency of the largely inefficient existing building stock will be pivotal. Certain energy efficiency retrofitting obligations have now emerged as part of the EU＇s Energy Performance in Buildings Directive and the Energy Efficiency Directive. Challenges for retrofitting currently include gaps in technical skills both amongst building trades and professionals, a lack of awareness of building owners and users, concerns about compromising cultural heritage as well as a lack of viable business models, comparatively high cost and resulting long pay-back periods currently hamper the progress. Lessons can be drawn here form the EU-funded initiative CONCERTO, which helped 58 communities in 23 countries to reduce their dependence on conventional energy supply by implementing energy efficiency measures and integrating renewable energy sources not at single building scale but community scale. Almost all of these entailed retrofitting activities bad to find solutions to the issues mentioned. This paper presents a selection of conclusions regarding retrofitting to be drawn from the analysis undertaken under the project CONCERTO premium, which analysed outcomes across the 58 projects on behalf of the European Commission and focuses in particular on the political relevance of outcomes.
文摘The objective of the present paper is to describe a technical and economical visibility study of the application of ground source heat pumps （GSHP） in a supermarket in Portugal. The study was developed under the European project ＂Integration of Geothermal Energy Into Industrial Application - IGEIA＂, project number EIE 06/001, supported by the Intelligent Energy for Europe, IEE, of EACI, European Commission. In general for supermarkets installed in single buildings, the building envelope has higher rates of envelope areas per indoor air volume. In Portugal this fact produces high need of heating during the winter season and high cooling needs during the summer season. Inside the building there are strong internal heat loads produced by high densities of lights and equipments. However these internal loads are not distributed uniformly. There are some areas with high production of heat but there are others with production of cooling. Therefore the acclimatization of this kind of buildings is not so easy and the balance of heating and cooling needs is depending of different parameters which should be well evaluated. The energy consummation of the cold display cases and deep freezers in market area and storage is also very high. The different energy needs could be studied in an integrated way and could be partially satisfied by geothermal energy using ground source heat pumps. At the same time the boreholes could be used as an energy reservoir increasing the efficiency of whole system. Four different climatic zones in Portugal were selected, （north coast, interior north, south coast and interior south） using the same system. The results of the study show that the all energy needs can by partially satisfied by geothermal energy but they need to be integrated to increase the global efficiency. The paper shows that the geothermal energy can be an attractive application for the supermarkets in Portugal if the energy solution is studied in an integrated way and if it is also considered as a cost the emissions of CO2 avoid by the new system.
文摘By the end of 2015, total length of China＇s long-distance gas pipelines has exceeded 70,O00km. Onshore stratey, ic import paths have been formed, domestic trunk networks perfected and gas storages construction pace acceh＇rated. The Chinese section of Russia-China East Gas Pipeline was officially commenced, which marked that the northeast import path entered the stage ofconstruction. There are 13 LNG terminals in China. The National Development and Rerorm Commission （NDRC） approved China＇s.first private-owned LNG terminal- the Zhoushan LNG terminal. In the coming.five years, the focus of institutional reform will be the independence of pipelines and networks, the focus of construction will be regional networks and branch pipelines, and joint ventures will be the mainstream for gas pipeline construction and operation.
