目的探讨早产儿经口喂养准备对经口喂养耐受的影响。方法选择2011年12月—2012年10月胎龄<34周的早产儿194例为研究对象。应用新生儿口腔运动评估量表(neonatal oral motor assessment scale,NOMAS)、新生儿医学指数(neonatal medica...目的探讨早产儿经口喂养准备对经口喂养耐受的影响。方法选择2011年12月—2012年10月胎龄<34周的早产儿194例为研究对象。应用新生儿口腔运动评估量表(neonatal oral motor assessment scale,NOMAS)、新生儿医学指数(neonatal medical index,NMI)及体格检查方式对早产儿进行评估。结果在194例早产儿中,发生经口喂养不耐受82例(42.3%),经口喂养耐受112例(57.5%);胎龄、口腔运动功能和疾病严重程度影响早产儿对经口喂养的耐受状况(优势比=0.16、0.19、0.39,P<0.05)。结论早产儿发生对经口喂养不耐受的比例较高,医护人员应加强对早产儿经口喂养准备的评估,促进早产儿从管饲到经口喂养的转换进程。展开更多
The requirements of growth and organ development create a challenge in nutritional management of newborn infants,especially premature newborn and intestinal-failure infants.Since their feeding may increase the risk of...The requirements of growth and organ development create a challenge in nutritional management of newborn infants,especially premature newborn and intestinal-failure infants.Since their feeding may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis,some high-risk infants receive a small volume of feeding or parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral feeding.This review summarizes the current research progress in the nutritional management of newborn infants.Searches of MEDLINE (1998-2007),Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library,Issue 3,2007),abstracts and conference proceedings,references from relevant publications in the English language were performed,showing that breast milk is the preferred source of nutrients for enteral feeding of newborn infants.The number of nutrients found in human milk was recommended as a guideline in establishing the minimum and maximum levels in infant formulas.The fear of necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerance are the major factors limiting the use of the enteral route as the primary means of nourishing premature infants.PN may help to meet many of the nutritional needs of these infants,but has significant detrimental side effects.Trophic feedings (small volume of feeding given at the same rate for at least 5 d) during PN are a strategy to enhance the feeding tolerance and decrease the side effects of PN and the time to achieve full feeding.Human milk is a key component of any strategy for enteral nutrition of all infants.However,the amounts of calcium,phosphorus,zinc and other nutrients are inadequate to meet the needs of the very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during growth.Therefore,safe and effective means to fortify human milk are essential to the care of VLBW infants.展开更多
文摘目的探讨早产儿经口喂养准备对经口喂养耐受的影响。方法选择2011年12月—2012年10月胎龄<34周的早产儿194例为研究对象。应用新生儿口腔运动评估量表(neonatal oral motor assessment scale,NOMAS)、新生儿医学指数(neonatal medical index,NMI)及体格检查方式对早产儿进行评估。结果在194例早产儿中,发生经口喂养不耐受82例(42.3%),经口喂养耐受112例(57.5%);胎龄、口腔运动功能和疾病严重程度影响早产儿对经口喂养的耐受状况(优势比=0.16、0.19、0.39,P<0.05)。结论早产儿发生对经口喂养不耐受的比例较高,医护人员应加强对早产儿经口喂养准备的评估,促进早产儿从管饲到经口喂养的转换进程。
文摘The requirements of growth and organ development create a challenge in nutritional management of newborn infants,especially premature newborn and intestinal-failure infants.Since their feeding may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis,some high-risk infants receive a small volume of feeding or parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral feeding.This review summarizes the current research progress in the nutritional management of newborn infants.Searches of MEDLINE (1998-2007),Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library,Issue 3,2007),abstracts and conference proceedings,references from relevant publications in the English language were performed,showing that breast milk is the preferred source of nutrients for enteral feeding of newborn infants.The number of nutrients found in human milk was recommended as a guideline in establishing the minimum and maximum levels in infant formulas.The fear of necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerance are the major factors limiting the use of the enteral route as the primary means of nourishing premature infants.PN may help to meet many of the nutritional needs of these infants,but has significant detrimental side effects.Trophic feedings (small volume of feeding given at the same rate for at least 5 d) during PN are a strategy to enhance the feeding tolerance and decrease the side effects of PN and the time to achieve full feeding.Human milk is a key component of any strategy for enteral nutrition of all infants.However,the amounts of calcium,phosphorus,zinc and other nutrients are inadequate to meet the needs of the very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during growth.Therefore,safe and effective means to fortify human milk are essential to the care of VLBW infants.
