育婴生精颗粒治疗精液异常性不育症临床观察

选用雄蚕蛾、鹿角片、熟地、炒山甲、急性子等15味名贵中药制成颗粒剂,治疗精液异常性不育症260例,其中治愈(受孕)165例,占63.5%,显效71例,占27.3%,总有效率达93.8%。临床研究实践证明,育婴生精颗粒疗效确切、效果满意。

新生儿多器官功能衰竭29例分析

目的:探讨危重新生儿多器官功能衰竭的常见病因及治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析29例新生儿多器官功能衰竭患者的资料,对29例多器官功能衰竭(MOF)的发病原因、治疗策略及预后进行相关分析。结果:原发病:感染性疾病17例(58.6%),新生儿窒息和缺氧缺血性脑病9例(31.0%),新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎1例(3.4%),腹泻并重度脱水1例(3.4%),失血性休克1例(3.4%)。各脏器功能衰竭的发生率分别为呼吸衰竭93.1%(27例),循环衰竭75.9%(22例),肾功能衰竭65.5%(18例),胃肠功能衰竭41.4%(12例),脑功能衰竭37.9%(11例),肝功能衰竭20.7%(6例),DIC 6.9%(2例)。本组病死5例,放弃治疗16例,存活8例。结论:新生儿在罹患各种疾病时发生MOF的机会和累及的器官均较儿童和成人时期为多,并且在出现新生儿MOF时预后特别差。严密监测生命体征,提高对MOF认识,早期发现,及时治疗。积极治疗原发病,早期器官系统功能支持,维持内环境稳定,是治疗MOF成功的关键。

危重新生儿转运81例分析

目的:研究危重新生儿转运对抢救成功率的影响及相关经验探讨。方法:配备先进设备的新生儿转运专用救护车及经验丰富的医护人员参与双程转运危重新生儿。结果:81例转运危重新生儿中75例痊愈,占92.60%;自动出院5例,占6.17%;死亡1例,占1.23%。结论:建立安全有效的NETS,并掌握适当的转运时机及转运过程中的恰当救治,可降低新生儿的病死率及致残率,提高基层医院业务水平。

极低出生体重儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症与住院期间不良结局的关系

目的探讨极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)与住院期间不良结局的关系。方法采用多中心前瞻性观察性队列研究,数据来源于中国北方新生儿协作网(SNN),收集并分析2019年1月1日至2022年12月31日37家新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)收治的出生体重<1500 g、出生胎龄24~<37周的5818例VLBWI的临床资料。VLBWI出生后7~10 d首次筛查甲状腺功能,随后每周动态检测至出生后第4周,并于校正胎龄36周或出院前复测,共4次。根据住院期间是否发生CH,分为CH组和非CH组。采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法、Wilcoxon秩和检验、单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型,分析CH与住院期间不良结局的关系。结果5818例VLBWI中男2982例(51.3%),出生胎龄30(29,31)周,CH的发生率为5.5%(319例)。在CH组中,仅121例(37.9%)在首次筛查时被检出。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,CH与宫外生长发育迟缓(EUGR)、Ⅲ期及以上早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率增加均相关[OR=1.31(1.04~1.64)、1.74(1.11~2.75),均P<0.05];进一步进行多因素Logistic回归分析显示,CH与EUGR、中重度支气管肺发育不良、3~4级脑室内出血、Ⅱ期及以上新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎、Ⅲ期及以上ROP发生率均无相关性[OR=1.04(0.81~1.33)、0.79(0.54~1.15)、1.15(0.58~2.26)、1.43(0.81~2.53)、1.12(0.70~1.80),均P>0.05]。结论VLBWI出生4周内动态检测甲状腺功能可及时诊断CH,积极替代治疗后CH与其住院期间不良结局无显著相关性。

Effects of Neonatal Tactile Stimulation and Maternal Separation on the Anxiety and the Emotional Memory in Adult Female Rats

We investigated the long-lasting effects of early postnatal tactile stimulation （TS） and maternal separation （MS） on the emotional behaviors of adult female rats. A split-litter design was introduced to remove confusing factors such as maternal disturbance. Pups of the non-tactile stimulation （NTS） group did not receive any handling. Pups subjected to the TS treatment were handled and marked for approximately 30 s daily from postnatal days （PND） 2 - 9 or from PND 10 - 17. Pups subjected to the MS treatment were handled and marked in the same way as the TS pups and then individually placed in a cup with familiar nest bedding for 1 h daily. At the age of 3 months, female rats with different neonatal experiences were employed in the light/dark box test and the one-trial passive avoidance response. Both PND 2 - 9 TS and PND 10 - 17 TS groups exhibited more time spent in the illuminated chamber of the light/dark box, and longer step-through latencies in the passive avoidance response when compared to the NTS group, indicating that early life TS treatment reduced novelty-induced anxious emotion and facilitated the retention of emotional memory in adult female rats. No significant effects were found on any behavioral measures between the MS groups and the TS groups, suggesting that neonatal short-time MS treatment was not intensive enough to alter the emotional behaviors, at least in female rats. Infantile age was not an effective factor for these measures. This result supports the hypothesis that neonatal tactile stimulation and maternal separation lead to different effects on the neural development of postnatal pups.

Nutritional management of newborn infants:Practical guidelines

The requirements of growth and organ development create a challenge in nutritional management of newborn infants,especially premature newborn and intestinal-failure infants.Since their feeding may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis,some high-risk infants receive a small volume of feeding or parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral feeding.This review summarizes the current research progress in the nutritional management of newborn infants.Searches of MEDLINE (1998-2007),Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library,Issue 3,2007),abstracts and conference proceedings,references from relevant publications in the English language were performed,showing that breast milk is the preferred source of nutrients for enteral feeding of newborn infants.The number of nutrients found in human milk was recommended as a guideline in establishing the minimum and maximum levels in infant formulas.The fear of necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerance are the major factors limiting the use of the enteral route as the primary means of nourishing premature infants.PN may help to meet many of the nutritional needs of these infants,but has significant detrimental side effects.Trophic feedings (small volume of feeding given at the same rate for at least 5 d) during PN are a strategy to enhance the feeding tolerance and decrease the side effects of PN and the time to achieve full feeding.Human milk is a key component of any strategy for enteral nutrition of all infants.However,the amounts of calcium,phosphorus,zinc and other nutrients are inadequate to meet the needs of the very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during growth.Therefore,safe and effective means to fortify human milk are essential to the care of VLBW infants.

Enteroenteroanastomosis near adjacent ileocecal valve in infants

AIM:To investigate the feasibility and the effectiveness of ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve,which can retain the ileocecal valve in infants.METHODS:This is a retrospective review of 48 patients who underwent ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve(group 1) and 34 patients who underwent ileocecal resections and ileotransversanastomosis(group 2).Patients were monitored for the time to flatus,resumption of eating,length of hospital stay after surgery,serum total bile acid,vitamin B12 and postoperative complications.RESULTS:The time to flatus,time until resumption of eating and post-operative length of hospital stay showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups.Serum total bile acid and vitamin B12were not significantly different between the two groups at post-operative day 1 and day 3,but were significantly decreased at 1 wk after operation in group 2.None of the patients died or suffered from stomal leak in these two groups.However,the incidence of diarrhea,intestinal infection,disturbance of acid-base balance and water-electrolytes in group 1 was lower than in group 2.CONCLUSION:Ileoileostomy in the region adjacent to the ileocecal valve is safe and results in fewer complications than ileotransversanastomosis in infants.

Dietary treatment of colic caused by excess gas in infants:Biochemical evidence

AIM:To evaluate the impact of feeding colicky infants with an adapted formula on the hydrogen breath test and clinical symptoms.METHODS:Hydrogen expiration was measured by SC MicroLyzer gas chromatography at inclusion and 15 d after treatment with an adapted low-lactose formula in 20 colicky infants.RESULTS:All babies were symptomatic:85% with excess gas,75% with abnormal feeding pattern,and 85% with excessive crying.The hydrogen breath test at inclusion was abnormal:35 ± 3.1 ppm.After 15 d feeding with an adapted low-lactose formula,crying and flatulence decreased in 85% of patients (P < 0.001).For infants in whom no decrease of gas was reported,crying was still reduced (P < 0.01).Moreover,the feeding pattern was improved in 50% of infants when it was initially considered as abnormal.Finally,the hydrogen breath test decreased significantly (10 ± 2.5 ppm,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:This study showed an association between clinical improvement and evidence of decreased levels of hydrogen when the infants were fed with a specially designed,low-lactose formula.

A Study on the Distances of Small Mobile Robot Moves towards Infants

In recent years, it is remarkable that various robots are being developed, and the development of robot technology is beginning to be taken into an actual living space. There are still many questions that we will have to answer for the harmonization of living together with a robot. This study is focused on ＂the study of how to plan and design a living space in harmonizing with robots＂, and focused on the effects of infants （subjects） along with the distance between robots and themselves. The study is to seek for the minimum distance for the subjects who felt that ＂I do not want a robot to be any closer being approached to me＂. This experiment was conducted among 30 infants at the kindergarten, utilizing a small experimental robot. A small robot whose dimension is 120 mm （W） ×130 mm （D） × 70 mm （H）, approaching infants as is to see if it would make any differences to the infant＇s reactions.

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron,calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

AIM： To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells. METHODS： Both dephytinized （by adding an exogenous phytase） and non-dephytinized infant cereals were digested using an in vitro digestion protocol adapted to the gastrointestinal conditions of infants younger than 6 too. Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells. RESULTS： Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） the cell uptake efficiency （from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%）, retention （from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%） and transport efficiency （from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-6.02%）, of iron, and the uptake efficiency （from 5.0%-35.4% to 7.3%-41.6%） and retention （from 4.05%-20.53% to 14.45%-61.3%） of zinc, whereas calcium only cell uptake showed a significant increase （P 〈 0.05） after removing phytate from most of the samples analyzed. A positive relationship （P 〈 0.05） between mineral solubility and the cell uptake and transport efficiencies was observed. CONCLUSION： Removing phytate from infant cereals had a beneficial effect on iron and zinc bioavailability when infant cereals were reconstituted with water. Since in developing countries cereal-based complementary foods for infants are usually consumed mixed with water, exogenous phytase additions could improve the nutritional value of this weaning food.

Transformation of hepatitis B serologic markers in babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers

AIM:To better understand the clinical significance of hepatitis B seroiogic markers in babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers, the incidence of maternal seroiogic markers of hepatitis B via placenta and its transformation in these babies were investigated. METHODS: Mothers with positive HBsAg were selected in the third trimester of pregnancy. Their babies received immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine after birth, and were consecutively followed up for hepatitis B seroiogic markers and HBV DNA at birth, mo 1, 4, 7, 12, and 24. RESULTS: Forty-two babies entered the study, including 16 born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive HBsAg carrier mothers and 26 to HBeAg-negative HBsAg carrier mothers. Apart from four babies born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers and demonstrated persistent positive HBeAg eventually became HBV carriers, all other babies developed anti-HBs before 12 mo of age. Among the other 12 babies born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers, HBeAg was detected in 7 at birth, in 4 at mo 1, and in none of them thereafter. No antibody response to the transplacental HBeAg was detected. Among the babies born to HBeAg-negative carrier mothers, anti-HBe was detected 100% at birth and mo 1, in 88.5% at mo 4, in 46.2% at mo 7, in 4.2% at mo 12 and none in mo 24. Among all the immunoprophylaxis-protected babies born to either HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative carrier mothers, anti-HBc was detected in 100% at birth, mo 1 and mo 4, in 78.9% at mo 7, in 36.1% at mo 12 and in none at mo 24. CONCLUSION: HBeAg can pass through human placenta from mother to fetus and become undetectable before 4 mo of age, but no antibodies response to the transplacental HBeAg can be detected till mo 24 in the immunoprophylaxis-protected babies. The sole existence of anti-HBe before 1 year of age or anti-HBc before 2 years of age in babies born to HBsAg carrier mothers may simply represent the transplacental maternal antibodies, instead of indicators of HBV infection status.

Carbon Footprint Analysis for Baby Strollers

The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions linked to their products or services.The publicly available specification PAS 2050 has been developed in response to broad community and industry desire for a consistent method-carbon footprint for assessing the life cycle GHG emissions of goods and services.Specifically,this paper illustrates the implementation of carbon footprint for a baby stroller in accordance with PAS 2050.A fial value of 321 kg per one stroller including package was calculated.Moreover,the study led to identify raw materials production of the stroller as the main source of GHS emissions where efforts need to focus for emission reduction opportunities.This case study is hoped to be a starting point for organizations to benefit from the increasing application of carbon footprint assessment.

日本画家赠鲁迅油画的深情——纪念鲁迅先生逝世75周年

鲁迅先生在沪定居后,日本三位画家先后赠鲁迅《菊花》、《海婴生后十六日像》和《鲁迅遗容》等油画。之后,这三幅油画曾分别陈列于上海鲁迅故居和鲁迅纪念馆陈列室,供前来瞻仰、参观的中外人士观赏。这几幅油画,不仅反映了作者与鲁迅的交往、友谊,而且蕴涵着对鲁迅的崇敬之情。'诚一遗作'——《菊花》油画的由来1935年5月17日。

Epidermal growth factor concentrations in human milk,cow's milk and cow's milk-based infant formulas

OBJECTIVE: Because maternal epidermal growth factor (EGF) may be an adaptive response to accelerate growth and maturation in premature infants, we compared the EGF content in fresh cow's milk and cow's milk-based infant formulas with full and preterm mother's milk. METHODS: EGF content of 57 human colostrum from mothers delivering prematurely and at term, 4 different fresh cow's milk and 8 different cow's milk-based infant formulas was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: Human milk from mothers of premature infants had a higher EGF content compared to that from mothers of term infants (28.2 +/- 10.3 nmol/L vs. 17.3 +/- 9.6 nmol/L). EGF content in human milk negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight of neonates. EGF content in fresh cow's milk (13.8 - 18.2 nmol/L) was similar to that in human term milk. EGF levels in non-hydrolyzed protein formulas were much lower (5.6 - 8.6 nmol/L), and were undetectable in hydrolyzed protein formulas. CONCLUSION: The high EGF content in premature milk may represent a maternal compensatory mechanism to accelerate the growth and development of immature infants. Feeding infants with breast milk from their own mother should be advocated since there is lack of EGF in cow's milk-based infant formulas.

Effect of Combined Acupuncture and Rehabilitation on High-risk Infants with Perinatal Brain Injuries

Objective： To investigate the effect of combined acupuncture and rehabilitation on intelligence and motor development of high risk infants with perinatal brain injuries. Methods： Ninety-seven survived cases in the neonatal intensive care unit （NICU） were allocated into a treatment group of 53 cases and a control group of 44 cases following the consent of the parents. Cases in the treatment group were treated by combined acupuncture and rehabilitation; whereas cases in the control group were treated by conventional child care methods. Systemic follow-up has been made for 2 years. Then the infants＇ intelligence was evaluated respectively in the 6th, 12th and 34th months. Results： Compared with the control group, the mental development indexes （MDI） and physical development indexes （PDI） in the treatment group were increased by 14.96 and 9.82 respectively. There was a significant difference （χ2=8.1659, P〈0.01 ） in the abnormal intelligence rates between the treatment group （15.1%） and the control group （40.9%,）. Conclusion： Combined acupuncture and rehabilitation can effectively improve the mental and physical development of high-risk infants with perinatal brain injuries. Additionally, this therapy can decrease the disability rates and increase the infants＇ quality of life.

Critical Review of Massage Therapy Employed for Newborns

Objective： To evaluate the outcomes of current studies regarding the beneficial effects of infant massage therapy. Method： Firstly, some common knowledge related to massage is provided. Subsequently, research-based evidence on massage effects in neonatal unit has been examined, particularly on premature babies and newborns with jaundice. Result and Conclusion： the practice of massage therapy promotes the development of preterm babies and the treatment of neonates with jaundice generally safe, however the methodology employed in reviewed studies is of certain limitations, such as a lack of RCT with large sample size, inadequate follow-up period.

Interbirth intervals are associated with age of the mother, but not with infant mortality in Indian rhinoceroses

Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammals in the world. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wild populations, poaching or political instability may exterminate large populations very quickly. Therefore, captive or ex situ rhinoceros populations can play an important role in their conservation. Previous studies identified infant mortality and interbirth intervals among the main parameters affecting the viability and survival of rhinoceros populations. In our study, we tested the recently suggested prediction that in captive Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, longer interbirth intervals may result in higher infant mortality. We also examined the factors that are the main pre- dictors of infant mortality and interbith intervals using the studbook data on Indian rhinoceros born in zoos worldwide as well as data from Dudhwa National Park, India, where rhinoceroses were success- fully reintroduced. We found no association between interbirth intervals and infant mortality. In both populations, the main predictor of infant mortality was mother＇s parity, with higher mortality in calves born to primiparous mothers. In addition, we found that the interbirth intervals were shorter in zoos than in Dudhwa and that they increased with increase in age of the mother, which was the only factor affecting interbirth interval in both populations. Our results show that the same factors affect both parameters in both populations and thus illustrate that the reproduction and infant survival of Indian rhinoceros in zoos reflect the natural pattern. Furthermore, we suggest that in captivity, the interbirth intervals could be slightly prolonged to approach the situation in the wild.