Up to now, the primary method for studying critical porosity and porous media are experimental measurements and data analysis. There are few references on how to numerically calculate porosity at the critical point, p...Up to now, the primary method for studying critical porosity and porous media are experimental measurements and data analysis. There are few references on how to numerically calculate porosity at the critical point, pore fluid-related parameters, or framework-related parameters. So in this article, we provide a method for calculating these elastic parameters and use this method to analyze gas-bearing samples. We first derive three linear equations for numerical calculations. They are the equation of density p versus porosity Ф, density times the square of compressional wave velocity p Vp^2 versus porosity, and density times the square of shear wave velocity pVs^2 versus porosity. Here porosity is viewed as an independent variable and the other parameters are dependent variables. We elaborate on the calculation steps and provide some notes. Then we use our method to analyze gas-bearing sandstone samples. In the calculations, density and P- and S-velocities are input data and we calculate eleven relative parameters for porous fluid, framework, and critical point. In the end, by comparing our results with experiment measurements, we prove the viability of the method.展开更多
The initial phase of tomato is critical to the infestation of insect vectors of viruses. Therefore, this study aimed to test the use of yellow card traps around the crop to manage insect vectors of viruses and test th...The initial phase of tomato is critical to the infestation of insect vectors of viruses. Therefore, this study aimed to test the use of yellow card traps around the crop to manage insect vectors of viruses and test the best density of traps/tomato plants. Yellow card traps were placed on the border of the crop plot to capture adult insect vectors. Density of trap/tomato plant was assessed in 10 blocks at the following levels： 1/25; 1/50; 1/75; 1/100; 1/125; 1/150. The monitoring was carded out in 1% of the crop during 60 days in 2011 and 2012 crop. The evaluated systems were Conventional and Phytosanitary Pest Management （PPM）. During 2011 season the Conventional system received 14 insecticide applications whereas only 6 insecticide applications were made on the PPM, representing a reduction of 133%. In 2012, the crop under Conventional system was subjected to 15 applications of insecticides, over 8 on PPM, with a reduction of 87.5%. The PPM allowed a 90% reduction in application cost for this insects, obtaining a reduction of R$1,345.00/ha. The highest density was 60 plants/trap. We can conclude that the yellow card traps in tomato crop decreased infestations of insect vectors of viruses.展开更多
The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, whic...The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, which is a process to solve radiative inverse problem. In this paper, the flame of pulverized coal is considered as 3-D, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering non-gray medium. Through the study on inverse problem of radiative heat transfer, the temperature field in this kind of medium has been reconstructed. The mechanism of 3-D radiative heat transfer in a rectangular media, which is 2 m×3 m× 5 m and full of CO2, N2 and carbon particles, is studied with Monte Carlo method. The 3-D temperature field in this rectangular space is reconstructed and the influence of particles density profile is discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40874052)the Key Laboratory of Geo-detection (China University of Geosciences,Beijing),Ministry of Education
文摘Up to now, the primary method for studying critical porosity and porous media are experimental measurements and data analysis. There are few references on how to numerically calculate porosity at the critical point, pore fluid-related parameters, or framework-related parameters. So in this article, we provide a method for calculating these elastic parameters and use this method to analyze gas-bearing samples. We first derive three linear equations for numerical calculations. They are the equation of density p versus porosity Ф, density times the square of compressional wave velocity p Vp^2 versus porosity, and density times the square of shear wave velocity pVs^2 versus porosity. Here porosity is viewed as an independent variable and the other parameters are dependent variables. We elaborate on the calculation steps and provide some notes. Then we use our method to analyze gas-bearing sandstone samples. In the calculations, density and P- and S-velocities are input data and we calculate eleven relative parameters for porous fluid, framework, and critical point. In the end, by comparing our results with experiment measurements, we prove the viability of the method.
文摘The initial phase of tomato is critical to the infestation of insect vectors of viruses. Therefore, this study aimed to test the use of yellow card traps around the crop to manage insect vectors of viruses and test the best density of traps/tomato plants. Yellow card traps were placed on the border of the crop plot to capture adult insect vectors. Density of trap/tomato plant was assessed in 10 blocks at the following levels： 1/25; 1/50; 1/75; 1/100; 1/125; 1/150. The monitoring was carded out in 1% of the crop during 60 days in 2011 and 2012 crop. The evaluated systems were Conventional and Phytosanitary Pest Management （PPM）. During 2011 season the Conventional system received 14 insecticide applications whereas only 6 insecticide applications were made on the PPM, representing a reduction of 133%. In 2012, the crop under Conventional system was subjected to 15 applications of insecticides, over 8 on PPM, with a reduction of 87.5%. The PPM allowed a 90% reduction in application cost for this insects, obtaining a reduction of R$1,345.00/ha. The highest density was 60 plants/trap. We can conclude that the yellow card traps in tomato crop decreased infestations of insect vectors of viruses.
基金Project Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (50578034) Science and Technology Development Foundation ofDonghua University
文摘The soft measurement technology of flame temperature field is an efficient method to learn the combustion status in furnace. Generally, it reconstructs the temperature field in furnace through the image of flame, which is a process to solve radiative inverse problem. In this paper, the flame of pulverized coal is considered as 3-D, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering non-gray medium. Through the study on inverse problem of radiative heat transfer, the temperature field in this kind of medium has been reconstructed. The mechanism of 3-D radiative heat transfer in a rectangular media, which is 2 m×3 m× 5 m and full of CO2, N2 and carbon particles, is studied with Monte Carlo method. The 3-D temperature field in this rectangular space is reconstructed and the influence of particles density profile is discussed.
