Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocol that operates over a double counter-rotating ring network topology. RPR is designed to enhance Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) in order to ...Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocol that operates over a double counter-rotating ring network topology. RPR is designed to enhance Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) in order to handle data traffic more efficiently. Since Intelligent Protection Switching(IPS) is one of the key technologies in ring networks, RPR provides two intelligent protection algorithms: steering and wrapping. While wrapping in RPR in essence inherits the automatic protection switching(APS) algorithm of SDH, it also wastes the bandwidth on the wrapping ringlets and may result in severe congestion. Whereas steering in RPR provides high bandwidth utilization, its switching speed is low, because it is indeed a high layer's restoration algorithm. In this paper, integrated self-healing(ISH) algorithm as an effective algorithm for RPR is proposed, which synthesizes the merits of the two algorithms by transporting healing signal and computing routing in MAC layer. At last, the performance of ISH algorithm is analyzed and simulated.展开更多
The developments in information and communication technologies everyday and the effects of globalization have led to many changes in most of the fields including marketing communications. Today, businesses are struggl...The developments in information and communication technologies everyday and the effects of globalization have led to many changes in most of the fields including marketing communications. Today, businesses are struggling to survive intensely, to be able to be heard in a global competitive environment, and to keep their market share to the forefront. In this sense, the businesses that have taken into consideration that the current developments have caused great changes in the consumers, also added social media which they use very intensely in order to reach the consumers in the period that the traditional methods have lost importance, to their marketing mix as an important brand communication medium. Social media makes it necessary to go out of tradition in marketing activities. In the social media economy, consumers are at the forefront, and the structures that carry on their activities in interaction with the consumer are gaining importance. Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube are among the most frequently used social networks in our country, but in recent times Instagram is another platform that has recently attracted the attention of companies. The study examined the comparison of traditional marketing and social media marketing. The study also examined the importance of using images and the usage of Instagram as a marketing tool.展开更多
文摘Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocol that operates over a double counter-rotating ring network topology. RPR is designed to enhance Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) in order to handle data traffic more efficiently. Since Intelligent Protection Switching(IPS) is one of the key technologies in ring networks, RPR provides two intelligent protection algorithms: steering and wrapping. While wrapping in RPR in essence inherits the automatic protection switching(APS) algorithm of SDH, it also wastes the bandwidth on the wrapping ringlets and may result in severe congestion. Whereas steering in RPR provides high bandwidth utilization, its switching speed is low, because it is indeed a high layer's restoration algorithm. In this paper, integrated self-healing(ISH) algorithm as an effective algorithm for RPR is proposed, which synthesizes the merits of the two algorithms by transporting healing signal and computing routing in MAC layer. At last, the performance of ISH algorithm is analyzed and simulated.
文摘The developments in information and communication technologies everyday and the effects of globalization have led to many changes in most of the fields including marketing communications. Today, businesses are struggling to survive intensely, to be able to be heard in a global competitive environment, and to keep their market share to the forefront. In this sense, the businesses that have taken into consideration that the current developments have caused great changes in the consumers, also added social media which they use very intensely in order to reach the consumers in the period that the traditional methods have lost importance, to their marketing mix as an important brand communication medium. Social media makes it necessary to go out of tradition in marketing activities. In the social media economy, consumers are at the forefront, and the structures that carry on their activities in interaction with the consumer are gaining importance. Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube are among the most frequently used social networks in our country, but in recent times Instagram is another platform that has recently attracted the attention of companies. The study examined the comparison of traditional marketing and social media marketing. The study also examined the importance of using images and the usage of Instagram as a marketing tool.
