P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE）...P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE） algorithm are recommended in this paper. UPUN is the combination of UPnP and STUN, and PMSE utilizes port mapping samples added by symmetric NAT for different sessions to estimate regularity of port mapping of symmetric NAT, which takes advantage of the Bernoulli law of large numbers. Besides, for the situation that both peers are behind NAT, and to handle heavy relay server load when many inner peers want to communicate with each other, a peer auxiliary-relay （PAR） algorithm is presented. PAR lets outer peers with sufficient bandwidth act as relay servers to alleviate pressure of real server, which could avoid NAT traversal failure caused by single point failure of relay server. Finally, experiments show that the proposed algorithms could improve the success ratio significantly for NAT traversal in P2P streaming application as well as improve P2P streaming application applicability.展开更多
An object segment similarity function is taken into account from the continuous media frames to measure the individual streaming profit of certain segment versions of a media object.Therefore,a new segment version-bas...An object segment similarity function is taken into account from the continuous media frames to measure the individual streaming profit of certain segment versions of a media object.Therefore,a new segment version-based transcoding(SVT)mechanism is derived for a quality of service(QoS)of client-centric media streaming in wireless mobile networks.The derived function utilizes the fuzzy similarity of certain segment versions of an object.This mechanism provides the effectiveness of reduction of the stream startup latency among segment versions,and the average access of each version.Thus,the proposed segment version transcoding mechanism reduces packet loss which in turn increases streaming performance and throughput.The performance of the partitioned segment versions is simulated and some segment versions are completed.The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms the other mechanisms in average cache hit ratio and in average startup latency ratio.展开更多
In the era of rapid technological development, business English teaching methods are in the development and changes and multimedia network technology gradually appeared. It has brought great convenience to business En...In the era of rapid technological development, business English teaching methods are in the development and changes and multimedia network technology gradually appeared. It has brought great convenience to business English teaching.This paper starts from the feasibility and necessity of multimedia network teaching in Business English to discuss the advantages of multimedia network Teaching Business English. Finally, it is to put forward multimedia network teaching mode, to provide practical recommendations for the majority of business English teacher during the multimedia network teaching.展开更多
Media supervision is the most common and effective form of extrajudicial trial supervision and hence should receive the most theoretical attention. Because of the enormous influence of media supervision and the uncert...Media supervision is the most common and effective form of extrajudicial trial supervision and hence should receive the most theoretical attention. Because of the enormous influence of media supervision and the uncertainty of its outcomes, the relationship between the media and the court has always been tense. Currently, the main model of media trial supervision centers on trial results; that is, media questions and criticisms tend to revolve around the substantive outcome of the trial in the hope that the courts will change the verdict. This supervisory model potentially risks encroaching on judicial independence. In the context of China＇s transitional society, such risks will be hard to control and will often develop into immediate social conflicts, jeopardizing the impartiality of the trial. To avoid this, the model of media supervision centered on trial results should shift to one centered on the conduct of the trial.展开更多
基金Supported by the Nat/onal Science and Technology Support Projects of China（No. 2008BAH28B04） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China _（No..60903218F0208） andthe National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China （No. 2008AA01A317）
文摘P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE） algorithm are recommended in this paper. UPUN is the combination of UPnP and STUN, and PMSE utilizes port mapping samples added by symmetric NAT for different sessions to estimate regularity of port mapping of symmetric NAT, which takes advantage of the Bernoulli law of large numbers. Besides, for the situation that both peers are behind NAT, and to handle heavy relay server load when many inner peers want to communicate with each other, a peer auxiliary-relay （PAR） algorithm is presented. PAR lets outer peers with sufficient bandwidth act as relay servers to alleviate pressure of real server, which could avoid NAT traversal failure caused by single point failure of relay server. Finally, experiments show that the proposed algorithms could improve the success ratio significantly for NAT traversal in P2P streaming application as well as improve P2P streaming application applicability.
基金Project(2011)financially supported by Research Funds of Chonbuk National University,Korea
文摘An object segment similarity function is taken into account from the continuous media frames to measure the individual streaming profit of certain segment versions of a media object.Therefore,a new segment version-based transcoding(SVT)mechanism is derived for a quality of service(QoS)of client-centric media streaming in wireless mobile networks.The derived function utilizes the fuzzy similarity of certain segment versions of an object.This mechanism provides the effectiveness of reduction of the stream startup latency among segment versions,and the average access of each version.Thus,the proposed segment version transcoding mechanism reduces packet loss which in turn increases streaming performance and throughput.The performance of the partitioned segment versions is simulated and some segment versions are completed.The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms the other mechanisms in average cache hit ratio and in average startup latency ratio.
文摘In the era of rapid technological development, business English teaching methods are in the development and changes and multimedia network technology gradually appeared. It has brought great convenience to business English teaching.This paper starts from the feasibility and necessity of multimedia network teaching in Business English to discuss the advantages of multimedia network Teaching Business English. Finally, it is to put forward multimedia network teaching mode, to provide practical recommendations for the majority of business English teacher during the multimedia network teaching.
基金support from the Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,China
文摘Media supervision is the most common and effective form of extrajudicial trial supervision and hence should receive the most theoretical attention. Because of the enormous influence of media supervision and the uncertainty of its outcomes, the relationship between the media and the court has always been tense. Currently, the main model of media trial supervision centers on trial results; that is, media questions and criticisms tend to revolve around the substantive outcome of the trial in the hope that the courts will change the verdict. This supervisory model potentially risks encroaching on judicial independence. In the context of China＇s transitional society, such risks will be hard to control and will often develop into immediate social conflicts, jeopardizing the impartiality of the trial. To avoid this, the model of media supervision centered on trial results should shift to one centered on the conduct of the trial.
