Water is the source of life. China ranks No.13 among the water shortage countries. The most of the water is utilized in agriculture, while the utilization rate of irrigation water is only 40%, so it is very important ...Water is the source of life. China ranks No.13 among the water shortage countries. The most of the water is utilized in agriculture, while the utilization rate of irrigation water is only 40%, so it is very important to study on the theory and technology on high efficient water utilization. The purpose for this study is to find out the optimal drainage line on potted flowers through the analysis of experimental results of Aglaonema modestum and Rhododendron simsii Planch in different drainage lines.展开更多
In China, economic centers are far from energy storage bases, so it is significant to select a proper energy transferring mode to improve the efficiency of energy usage. To solve this problem, an optimal allocation mo...In China, economic centers are far from energy storage bases, so it is significant to select a proper energy transferring mode to improve the efficiency of energy usage. To solve this problem, an optimal allocation model based on energy transfer mode was proposed after objective function for optimizing energy using efficiency was established, and then, a new Tabu search and particle swarm hybrid optimizing algorithm was proposed to find solutions. While actual data of energy demand and distribution in China were selected for analysis, the economic critical value in comparison between the long-distance coal transfer and electric power transmission was gained. Based on the above discussion, some proposals were put forward for optimal allocation of energy transfer modes in China. By comparing other three traditional methods that are based on regional price differences, freight rates and annual cost with the proposed method, the result indicates that the economic efficiency of the energy transfer can be enhanced by 3.14%, 5.78% and 6.01%, respectively.展开更多
The sedimentation behaviors of bauxite flotation concentrates were investigated at different pH values and floceulant dosages. The effects of three types of flocculants ( cationic, anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamid...The sedimentation behaviors of bauxite flotation concentrates were investigated at different pH values and floceulant dosages. The effects of three types of flocculants ( cationic, anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamide floceulants) as well as the molecular weight of anionic flocculants on the sedimentation of concentrate were studied. It is shown from the experimental results that at the pH 7.0, best sedimentation capability is reached when anionic polyacrylamide flocculant (molecular weight 14 million) is added and the optimal dosage is 30 g/t.展开更多
In this paper, a primal-dual path-following interior-point algorithm for linearly constrained convex optimization(LCCO) is presented.The algorithm is based on a new technique for finding a class of search directions a...In this paper, a primal-dual path-following interior-point algorithm for linearly constrained convex optimization(LCCO) is presented.The algorithm is based on a new technique for finding a class of search directions and the strategy of the central path.At each iteration, only full-Newton steps are used.Finally, the favorable polynomial complexity bound for the algorithm with the small-update method is deserved, namely, O(√n log n /ε).展开更多
An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized...An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design vari- ables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller per- formance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.展开更多
The seed germination and tomato seedling tests showed that Bacillus subtilis SL-13 could promote the sprouting and seedling growth of tomato.The fresh and dry weight of tomato seedlings increased 42.86%and 18.75%,resp...The seed germination and tomato seedling tests showed that Bacillus subtilis SL-13 could promote the sprouting and seedling growth of tomato.The fresh and dry weight of tomato seedlings increased 42.86%and 18.75%,respectively.The control efficacies of the SL-13 to tomato Rhizoctonia rot were 20.65%and 35.23%in the greenhouse and field,respectively.The growth of the plant-pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani was considerably inhibited in the presence of the strain SL-13 culture supernatant.The main antifungal protein was detected to be chitinase through vitro assay.The chitinase was purified with DEAE-Sepharose fast flow ion exchange column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration for further characterization.The optimal pH and temperature for the chitinase activity were 7.0 and 50°C,respectively.It was demonstrated that the enzyme was stable at pH 5-9 and 40-60°C.70%of the enzyme activity was retained when incubated at 121°C and 0.11 MPa for 20 min,and the enzyme was not sensitive to protease K and ultraviolet radiation.Thus it is suitable for effective biological control in relatively unstable environment.展开更多
We present a feasible scheme to implement the 1→2 optimal cloning of arbitrary single particle atomic state into two photonic states, which is important for applications in long distance quantum communication. Our sc...We present a feasible scheme to implement the 1→2 optimal cloning of arbitrary single particle atomic state into two photonic states, which is important for applications in long distance quantum communication. Our scheme also realizes the tele-NOT gate of one atom to the distant atom trapped in another cavity. The scheme is based on the adiabatic passage and the polarization measurement. It is robust against a number of practical noises such as the violation of the Lamb Dicke condition, spontaneous emission, and detection inefficiency.展开更多
A method of approaching to the infinite dimensional linear operators by the finite dimensional operators is discussed. It is shown that,for every infinite dimensional operator A and every natural number n, there exist...A method of approaching to the infinite dimensional linear operators by the finite dimensional operators is discussed. It is shown that,for every infinite dimensional operator A and every natural number n, there exists an n dimensional optimal approximation to A. The norm error is found and the necessary and sufficient condition for such n dimensional optimal approximations to be unique is obtained.展开更多
Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harrnful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding...Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harrnful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PAC1) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength.展开更多
Micaceous iron oxide (MIO) with a hexagonal flaky shape was prepared by hydrothermal method. The ferric hydroxide used as precursor was obtained by an acidic leaching solution of pyrite cinders reacting with ammonia...Micaceous iron oxide (MIO) with a hexagonal flaky shape was prepared by hydrothermal method. The ferric hydroxide used as precursor was obtained by an acidic leaching solution of pyrite cinders reacting with ammonia solution. The optimal experimental conditions for preparing micaceous iron oxide were investigated by orthogonal experiments. Micaceous iron oxide can be successfully prepared when optimal parameters of total iron concentration of 2.0 mol/L, pH value of 8, n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+) of 0.1, mass of seed crystal of 1 g, reaction temperature of 260 ℃ and reaction time of 30 min are applied. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffractometry (SAEM) were adopted to characterize the hydrothermal products prepared under optimal conditions. The results indicate that highly crystallized α-Fe2O3 hexagonal flakes, about 1.0-1.5 μm in diameter and 0.1 μm in thickness, are prepared. Furthermore, the quality of micaceous iron oxide prepared can meet the required characteristics of micaceous iron oxide pigments for paints (ISO 10601--2007).展开更多
We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity i...We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity is at its highest when the following conditions are met:slime water concentration 27.42 g/L;coagulant aid(CaCl_2) mass concentration 5.0 g/L;two-segment stirrings:the first at a stirring speed of 60 r/min for 180 s and the second 180 r/min for 60 s;a pH of 11 and a flocculant concentration of 15 mL/L.The flocculation activity can be up to 98.71%of bioflocculants at the time.Further experiments indicate that most of the flocculation active material is found outside the mycelium cells.This is the extracellular secretion produced by mycelium cells during the fermentation process.This flocculant has strong thermal stability.Many kinds of cations have a flocculation function to assist bioflocculants.This aid-flocculation effect of the divalent cation Ca^(2+) is obvious in the bioflocculant produced by the white-rot fungus.Therefore,this is of great value when applied to control engineering in the battle against water pollution.展开更多
We propose a simple scheme for the implementation of the ancillary-free 1→3 optimal phase-covariant quantum cloning for x-y equatorial qubits in ion-trap system. In the scheme, the vibrational mode is only virtually ...We propose a simple scheme for the implementation of the ancillary-free 1→3 optimal phase-covariant quantum cloning for x-y equatorial qubits in ion-trap system. In the scheme, the vibrational mode is only virtually excited, which is very important in view of decoherence. The present proposal can be realized based on current available technologies.展开更多
文摘Water is the source of life. China ranks No.13 among the water shortage countries. The most of the water is utilized in agriculture, while the utilization rate of irrigation water is only 40%, so it is very important to study on the theory and technology on high efficient water utilization. The purpose for this study is to find out the optimal drainage line on potted flowers through the analysis of experimental results of Aglaonema modestum and Rhododendron simsii Planch in different drainage lines.
基金Project(20050079008) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education
文摘In China, economic centers are far from energy storage bases, so it is significant to select a proper energy transferring mode to improve the efficiency of energy usage. To solve this problem, an optimal allocation model based on energy transfer mode was proposed after objective function for optimizing energy using efficiency was established, and then, a new Tabu search and particle swarm hybrid optimizing algorithm was proposed to find solutions. While actual data of energy demand and distribution in China were selected for analysis, the economic critical value in comparison between the long-distance coal transfer and electric power transmission was gained. Based on the above discussion, some proposals were put forward for optimal allocation of energy transfer modes in China. By comparing other three traditional methods that are based on regional price differences, freight rates and annual cost with the proposed method, the result indicates that the economic efficiency of the energy transfer can be enhanced by 3.14%, 5.78% and 6.01%, respectively.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program (2005cb6237601)
文摘The sedimentation behaviors of bauxite flotation concentrates were investigated at different pH values and floceulant dosages. The effects of three types of flocculants ( cationic, anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamide floceulants) as well as the molecular weight of anionic flocculants on the sedimentation of concentrate were studied. It is shown from the experimental results that at the pH 7.0, best sedimentation capability is reached when anionic polyacrylamide flocculant (molecular weight 14 million) is added and the optimal dosage is 30 g/t.
基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program (Grant No.06PJ14039)the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No.06NS031)
文摘In this paper, a primal-dual path-following interior-point algorithm for linearly constrained convex optimization(LCCO) is presented.The algorithm is based on a new technique for finding a class of search directions and the strategy of the central path.At each iteration, only full-Newton steps are used.Finally, the favorable polynomial complexity bound for the algorithm with the small-update method is deserved, namely, O(√n log n /ε).
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50136030).
文摘An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design vari- ables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller per- formance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20776017) the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region High-tech Research and Development Project(20081108)+1 种基金 the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(101071) the Xinjiang Bingtuan Key Science and Technology Industry Project(2008GG24)
文摘The seed germination and tomato seedling tests showed that Bacillus subtilis SL-13 could promote the sprouting and seedling growth of tomato.The fresh and dry weight of tomato seedlings increased 42.86%and 18.75%,respectively.The control efficacies of the SL-13 to tomato Rhizoctonia rot were 20.65%and 35.23%in the greenhouse and field,respectively.The growth of the plant-pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani was considerably inhibited in the presence of the strain SL-13 culture supernatant.The main antifungal protein was detected to be chitinase through vitro assay.The chitinase was purified with DEAE-Sepharose fast flow ion exchange column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration for further characterization.The optimal pH and temperature for the chitinase activity were 7.0 and 50°C,respectively.It was demonstrated that the enzyme was stable at pH 5-9 and 40-60°C.70%of the enzyme activity was retained when incubated at 121°C and 0.11 MPa for 20 min,and the enzyme was not sensitive to protease K and ultraviolet radiation.Thus it is suitable for effective biological control in relatively unstable environment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,and the National Fundamental Research Program of China under Grant No.2006CB921900
文摘We present a feasible scheme to implement the 1→2 optimal cloning of arbitrary single particle atomic state into two photonic states, which is important for applications in long distance quantum communication. Our scheme also realizes the tele-NOT gate of one atom to the distant atom trapped in another cavity. The scheme is based on the adiabatic passage and the polarization measurement. It is robust against a number of practical noises such as the violation of the Lamb Dicke condition, spontaneous emission, and detection inefficiency.
文摘A method of approaching to the infinite dimensional linear operators by the finite dimensional operators is discussed. It is shown that,for every infinite dimensional operator A and every natural number n, there exists an n dimensional optimal approximation to A. The norm error is found and the necessary and sufficient condition for such n dimensional optimal approximations to be unique is obtained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars(No.40906055)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups(No.41121064)the National Basic Research Programof China (973 Program) (No.2010CB428706)
文摘Algal organic materials (AOMs) are one critical factor affecting the efficiency of modified clays used for the mitigation of harrnful algal blooms (HABs). This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting the adsorption of AOMs onto modified clays. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and kaolinite modified with polyaluminium chloride (PAC1) were used as AOMs and modified clay model substances, respectively, and the effects of modifier dosage, contact time, solution pH and ionic strength were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics revealed that the alginate adsorption rate was described well by a pseudo-second order model. PACl effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and increased the adsorption rate, and the optimum additive amount of PACl was 5%. The experimental data fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equations well. The adsorption thermodynamics for alginate onto modified clays suggests that alginate adsorption is a spontaneous process. The adsorption of alginate onto modified clays was highly dependent on pH, with a decrease in adsorption observed with increased pH to 9.48, but the opposite was true above pH 9.48. Finally, adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength.
基金Project(2008A090300016) supported by Major Science & Technology Special Program of Guangdong Province,China
文摘Micaceous iron oxide (MIO) with a hexagonal flaky shape was prepared by hydrothermal method. The ferric hydroxide used as precursor was obtained by an acidic leaching solution of pyrite cinders reacting with ammonia solution. The optimal experimental conditions for preparing micaceous iron oxide were investigated by orthogonal experiments. Micaceous iron oxide can be successfully prepared when optimal parameters of total iron concentration of 2.0 mol/L, pH value of 8, n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+) of 0.1, mass of seed crystal of 1 g, reaction temperature of 260 ℃ and reaction time of 30 min are applied. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffractometry (SAEM) were adopted to characterize the hydrothermal products prepared under optimal conditions. The results indicate that highly crystallized α-Fe2O3 hexagonal flakes, about 1.0-1.5 μm in diameter and 0.1 μm in thickness, are prepared. Furthermore, the quality of micaceous iron oxide prepared can meet the required characteristics of micaceous iron oxide pigments for paints (ISO 10601--2007).
基金the Shenhuo Mining Group Co.Ltd.,China for its financial support.At the same time,we also thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40373044)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.05KJD610209) for their supportthe Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering for its technical support.
文摘We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity is at its highest when the following conditions are met:slime water concentration 27.42 g/L;coagulant aid(CaCl_2) mass concentration 5.0 g/L;two-segment stirrings:the first at a stirring speed of 60 r/min for 180 s and the second 180 r/min for 60 s;a pH of 11 and a flocculant concentration of 15 mL/L.The flocculation activity can be up to 98.71%of bioflocculants at the time.Further experiments indicate that most of the flocculation active material is found outside the mycelium cells.This is the extracellular secretion produced by mycelium cells during the fermentation process.This flocculant has strong thermal stability.Many kinds of cations have a flocculation function to assist bioflocculants.This aid-flocculation effect of the divalent cation Ca^(2+) is obvious in the bioflocculant produced by the white-rot fungus.Therefore,this is of great value when applied to control engineering in the battle against water pollution.
基金National Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos.1.0574022 and 10575022the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under Grant Nos.Z0512006 and A0210014
文摘We propose a simple scheme for the implementation of the ancillary-free 1→3 optimal phase-covariant quantum cloning for x-y equatorial qubits in ion-trap system. In the scheme, the vibrational mode is only virtually excited, which is very important in view of decoherence. The present proposal can be realized based on current available technologies.