Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversio...Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns.In this article,the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed.The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules,it will be a suitable local cooling,and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature.Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature.They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50℃ in batteries by 3 to 4 times.Also,in their integration with fuel cells,they increase the power density of the fuel cell.展开更多
This paper discusses the inscriptions ’nvzi’ (女子) on bronzes in the Shang Dynasty. The author points out that ’zi’ (子) in inscriptions which structure is ’emblem + zi (子)’ refers to ’zongzi’ (the eldest so...This paper discusses the inscriptions ’nvzi’ (女子) on bronzes in the Shang Dynasty. The author points out that ’zi’ (子) in inscriptions which structure is ’emblem + zi (子)’ refers to ’zongzi’ (the eldest son in a clan). Compared with ’zi’,inscriptions with similar structure like ’emblem + nv (女)’ mean a female in a clan. For the same reason,’emblem + mu (母)’ represents a married female. All ’emblem + nv or mu’ structure inscriptions should refer to ’nv’ or ’mu’,which is,a females in a clan or married to other state. Both ’nv’ (女) and ’zi’ (子) can be used as the name of a clan or a state,but ’nvzi’ used simultaneously means ’zongfu’ (the wife of the eldest son in a clan).展开更多
文摘Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns.In this article,the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed.The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules,it will be a suitable local cooling,and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature.Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature.They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50℃ in batteries by 3 to 4 times.Also,in their integration with fuel cells,they increase the power density of the fuel cell.
文摘This paper discusses the inscriptions ’nvzi’ (女子) on bronzes in the Shang Dynasty. The author points out that ’zi’ (子) in inscriptions which structure is ’emblem + zi (子)’ refers to ’zongzi’ (the eldest son in a clan). Compared with ’zi’,inscriptions with similar structure like ’emblem + nv (女)’ mean a female in a clan. For the same reason,’emblem + mu (母)’ represents a married female. All ’emblem + nv or mu’ structure inscriptions should refer to ’nv’ or ’mu’,which is,a females in a clan or married to other state. Both ’nv’ (女) and ’zi’ (子) can be used as the name of a clan or a state,but ’nvzi’ used simultaneously means ’zongfu’ (the wife of the eldest son in a clan).
